Standard Lemma guide

official

adj · noun · 18 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Australian, Canada, General-American, Received-Pronunciation: /əˈfɪʃəl/
  • Australian, Canada, General-American, Received-Pronunciation: [əˈfɪʃəl] ~ [əˈfɪʃɫ̩]
  • California: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -ɪʃəl
  • CMU ARPABET: AH0 F IH1 SH AH0 L Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

Of or about an office or public trust.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • official duties

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

adj

Meaning 2

Derived from the proper office or officer, or the appropriate authority; made or communicated by authority

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • an official statement or report

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

adj

Meaning 3

Approved by authority; authorized.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • The Official Strategy Guide

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

adj

Meaning 4

Approved by authority; authorized.

Dubious but recognized by authorities as the truth or canon.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Qualifier: Of a statement

Examples

  • Despite these testimonies, "accidental asphyxiation" remains his official cause of death.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

adj

Meaning 5

Sanctioned by the pharmacopoeia; appointed to be used in medicine; officinal.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: medicine, pharmacology, sciences

Examples

  • an official drug or preparation

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

adj

Meaning 6

Discharging an office or function.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

adj

Meaning 7

Relating to an office, especially a subordinate executive officer or attendant.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

adj

Meaning 8

Relating to an ecclesiastical judge appointed by a bishop, chapter, archdeacon, etc., with charge of the spiritual jurisdiction.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

adj

Meaning 9

True, real, beyond doubt.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: informal

Examples

  • Well, it's official: you lost your mind!

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

10

adj

Meaning 10

Listed in a national pharmacopeia.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: medicine, pharmacology, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

11

noun

Meaning 11

An office holder, a person holding an official position in government, sports, or other organization.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • Officials in the Firefly administration assure the Sylvanians they don't want war either.
  • In most soccer games, there are three officials: the referee and two linesmen.
  • The company's officials became nabobs as it took on more and more power after Plassey.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

12

adjective

Meaning 12

having official authority or sanction

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • official permission
  • an official representative

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: unofficial

13

adjective

Meaning 13

of or relating to an office

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • official privileges

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

14

adjective satellite

Meaning 14

verified officially

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the election returns are now official

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

15

adjective satellite

Meaning 15

(of a church) given official status as a national or state institution

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

16

adjective satellite

Meaning 16

conforming to set usage, procedure, or discipline

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • in prescribed order

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: prescribed

Antonyms: none provided

17

noun

Meaning 17

someone who administers the rules of a game or sport

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: adjudicator

Narrower terms: football official, linesman, referee, ref, scorekeeper, scorer, starter, dispatcher, timekeeper, timer, umpire, ump

18

noun

Meaning 18

a worker who holds or is invested with an office

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: functionary

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: skilled worker, trained worker, skilled workman

Narrower terms: apparatchik, appointee, bailiff, beadle, bureaucrat, administrative official, caretaker, censor, census taker, enumerator, church officer, city father, civil servant, commissar, political commissar, Comptroller General, Comptroller of the Currency, diplomat, diplomatist, elected official, equerry, fire marshall, fire warden, forest fire fighter, ranger, hearing examiner, hearing officer, holdover, hangover, incumbent, officeholder, Inquisitor, invalidator, voider, nullifier, judge, justice, jurist, licenser, macebearer, mace, macer, mandarin, notary, notary public, noticer, officer, agent, federal agent, provincial, postmaster general, proconsul, prosecutor, public prosecutor, prosecuting officer, prosecuting attorney, quaestor, recruiter, registrar, record-keeper, recorder, regulator, returning officer, sealer, searcher, teller, vote counter, town clerk, usher, doorkeeper, vizier, weigher

History

Etymology

From Middle English official, from Old French official, from Latin officiālis, from Latin officium (“duty, service”), by surface analysis, office + -ial.

Across languages

Translations

280 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Albanian: zyrtar — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Belarusian: службо́вы (službóvy) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Bulgarian: служе́бен (služében) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Catalan: oficial — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Dutch: officieel — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Estonian: ametlik — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Finnish: virallinen — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Galician: oficial — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Greek: επίσημος (epísimos) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Hindi: आधिकारिक (ādhikārik) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Hindi: अधिकृत (adhikŕt) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Hungarian: hivatalos — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Hungarian: hivatali — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Italian: ufficiale — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Ladino: ofisial — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Latin: officialis — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Malayalam: ഔദ്യോഗിക (audyōgika) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Marathi: कार्यालयीन (kāryālyīn) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Polish: służbowy — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Portuguese: oficial — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Romanian: oficial — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Russian: служе́бный (služébnyj) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Russian: должностно́й (dolžnostnój) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Serbo-Croatian: зва̀ничан — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Serbo-Croatian: слу̏жбен — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Serbo-Croatian: zvàničan — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Serbo-Croatian: slȕžben — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Spanish: oficial — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Tagalog: tungkulanin — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Ukrainian: службо́вий (službóvyj) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Ukrainian: посадо́вий (posadóvyj) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Urdu: مَعْرُوف (ma'rūf) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Vietnamese: chánh thức — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Vietnamese: chính thức — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Yiddish: אָפֿיציעל (ofitsyel) — of or pertaining to an office or public trust
  • Bashkir: рәсми (rəsmi) — derived from the proper office
  • Bulgarian: официа́лен (oficiálen) — derived from the proper office
  • Catalan: oficial — derived from the proper office
  • Finnish: virallinen — derived from the proper office
  • Hindi: आधिकारिक (ādhikārik) — derived from the proper office
  • Hindi: अधिकृत (adhikŕt) — derived from the proper office
  • Hungarian: hatósági — derived from the proper office
  • Indonesian: resmi — derived from the proper office
  • Italian: ufficiale — derived from the proper office
  • Kazakh: ресми (resmi) — derived from the proper office
  • Ladino: ofisial — derived from the proper office
  • Latin: officialis — derived from the proper office
  • Malay: rasmi — derived from the proper office
  • Russian: официа́льный (oficiálʹnyj) — derived from the proper office
  • Spanish: oficial — derived from the proper office
  • Swahili: rasmi — derived from the proper office
  • Albanian: zyrtar — approved by authority
  • Arabic: رَسْمِيّ (rasmiyy) — approved by authority
  • Arabic: رَسْمي (rasmi) — approved by authority
  • Armenian: պաշտոնական (paštonakan) — approved by authority
  • Azerbaijani: rəsmi — approved by authority
  • Bashkir: рәсми (rəsmi) — approved by authority
  • Belarusian: афіцы́йны (aficýjny) — approved by authority
  • Belarusian: афіцыя́льны (aficyjálʹny) — approved by authority
  • Bengali: সরকারী (śorkari) — approved by authority
  • Bengali: দাপ্তরিক (daptorik) — approved by authority
  • Bulgarian: официа́лен (oficiálen) — approved by authority
  • Catalan: oficial — approved by authority
  • Chinese Mandarin: 官方 (guānfāng) — approved by authority
  • Chinese Mandarin: 正式 (zhèngshì) — approved by authority
  • Czech: oficiální — approved by authority
  • Danish: officiel — approved by authority
  • Dutch: officieel — approved by authority
  • Estonian: ametlik — approved by authority
  • Finnish: virallinen — approved by authority
  • French: officiel — approved by authority
  • Georgian: ოფიციალური (opicialuri) — approved by authority
  • German: offiziell — approved by authority
  • Greek: επίσημος (epísimos) — approved by authority
  • Hebrew: רִשְׁמִי (rishmí) — approved by authority
  • Hindi: आधिकारिक (ādhikārik) — approved by authority
  • Hindi: अधिकृत (adhikŕt) — approved by authority
  • Hungarian: hivatalos — approved by authority
  • Icelandic: opinber — approved by authority
  • Indonesian: resmi — approved by authority
  • Irish: oifigiúil — approved by authority
  • Italian: ufficiale — approved by authority
  • Japanese: 正式な (seishiki na) — approved by authority
  • Japanese: 正式の (seishiki no) — approved by authority
  • Kazakh: ресми (resmi) — approved by authority
  • Korean: 공식적 (gongsikjeok) — approved by authority
  • Northern Kurdish: resmî — approved by authority
  • Kyrgyz: ырасмый (ırasmıy) — approved by authority
  • Kyrgyz: расмий (rasmiy) — approved by authority
  • Ladino: ofisial — approved by authority
  • Latvian: oficiāls — approved by authority
  • Lithuanian: oficialus — approved by authority
  • Macedonian: официја́лен (oficijálen) — approved by authority
  • Malay: rasmi — approved by authority
  • Malayalam: ഔദ്യോഗിക (audyōgika) — approved by authority
  • Maltese: uffiċjal — approved by authority
  • Māori: whaimana — approved by authority
  • Marathi: अधिकृत (adhikŕt) — approved by authority
  • Mongolian: албан ёсны (alban josny) — approved by authority
  • Norwegian Bokmål: offisiell — approved by authority
  • Pashto: رسمي (rasmí) — approved by authority
  • Iranian Persian: رَسْمی (rasmi) — approved by authority
  • Polish: oficjalny — approved by authority
  • Romanian: oficial — approved by authority
  • Russian: официа́льный (oficiálʹnyj) — approved by authority
  • Serbo-Croatian: слу̏жбен — approved by authority
  • Serbo-Croatian: зва̀ничан — approved by authority
  • Serbo-Croatian: slȕžben — approved by authority
  • Serbo-Croatian: zvàničan — approved by authority
  • Slovak: oficiálny — approved by authority
  • Slovene: uraden — approved by authority
  • Spanish: oficial — approved by authority
  • Swahili: rasmi — approved by authority
  • Swedish: officiell — approved by authority
  • Tajik: расмӣ (rasmi) — approved by authority
  • Tatar: рәсми (räsmi) — approved by authority
  • Turkish: resmî — approved by authority
  • Turkmen: resmi — approved by authority
  • Ukrainian: офіці́йний (oficíjnyj) — approved by authority
  • Ukrainian: офіціа́льний (oficiálʹnyj) — approved by authority
  • Urdu: دَفْتَری (daftarī) — approved by authority
  • Urdu: سَرْکاری (sarkārī) — approved by authority
  • Uyghur: رەسمىي (resmiy) — approved by authority
  • Uzbek: rasmiy — approved by authority
  • Finnish: virallinen — (of alleged truth) canonical but disputed
  • Hungarian: hivatalos — (of alleged truth) canonical but disputed
  • Japanese: 表向きの (omotemuki no) — (of alleged truth) canonical but disputed
  • Catalan: oficial — discharging an office or function
  • Finnish: virallinen — discharging an office or function
  • Albanian: zyrtar — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Albanian: zyrtare — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Arabic: مَسْؤُول (masʔūl) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Azerbaijani: rəsmi — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Bulgarian: служе́бен (služében) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Bulgarian: официа́лен (oficiálen) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Catalan: oficial — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Chinese Mandarin: 官方 (guānfāng) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Chinese Mandarin: 正式 (zhèngshì) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Czech: oficiální — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Dutch: officieel — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Dutch: ambtelijk — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Esperanto: oficiala — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Finnish: virallinen — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Finnish: virka- — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • French: officiel — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • German: offiziell — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • German: amtlich — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • German: dienstlich — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Greek: υπηρεσιακός (ypiresiakós) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Greek: επίσημος (epísimos) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Hindi: अधिकारी (adhikārī) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Hungarian: hivatali — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Hungarian: hivatalos — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Ido: oficala — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Indonesian: resmi — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Italian: ufficiale — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Japanese: 公式 (kōshiki) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Japanese: 公の (ōyake no) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Kazakh: ресми (resmi) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Korean: 공식 (gongsik) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Kyrgyz: ырасмый (ırasmıy) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Latin: official — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Maltese: uffiċjali — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Navajo: wááshindoon — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Norwegian Bokmål: offisiell — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Portuguese: oficial — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Romanian: oficial — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Russian: официа́льный (oficiálʹnyj) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Russian: служе́бный (služébnyj) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Russian: должностно́й (dolžnostnój) — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Slovene: uráden — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Spanish: oficial — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Turkish: resmî — relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant
  • Southern Altai: тӧрӧ (törö) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Arabic: مَسْئُول (masʔūl) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Armenian: պաշտոնյա (paštonya) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Azerbaijani: məmur — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Belarusian: службо́вая асо́ба (službóvaja asóba) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Belarusian: чыно́ўнік (čynównik) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Belarusian: чыно́ўніца (čynównica) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Bulgarian: длъжностно́ лице́ (dlǎžnostnó licé) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Bulgarian: чино́вник (činóvnik) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Bulgarian: чино́вница (činóvnica) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Catalan: funcionari — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Chinese Mandarin: 官員 /官员 (guānyuán) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Chinese Mandarin: 公務員 /公务员 (gōngwùyuán) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Czech: funkcionář — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Czech: úředník — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Danish: embedsmand — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Danish: tjenestemand — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Dutch: beambte — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Dutch: functionaris — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Dutch: ambtenaar — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Egyptian: s-r-A21 (sr) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Finnish: viranomainen — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Finnish: virkamies — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Finnish: virkailija — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Finnish: toimihenkilö — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Finnish: toimitsija — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • French: cadre — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • French: fonctionnaire — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • German: Beamter — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • German: Beamtin — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Greek: αξιωματούχος (axiomatoúchos) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Hausa: jami'i — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Hindi: अधिकारी (adhikārī) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Hungarian: hivatalnok — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Hungarian: tisztviselő — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Hungarian: tisztségviselő — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Indonesian: pejabat — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Ingrian: cinovnikka — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Italian: funzionario — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Japanese: 役員 (yakuin) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Japanese: 役人 (yakunin) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Jarawa: babu — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Kazakh: шенеунік (şeneunık) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Kazakh: қызметкер (qyzmetker) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Kazakh: шенді (şendı) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Korean: 공무원 (gongmuwon) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Latin: officialis — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Macedonian: чиновник (činovnik) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Macedonian: чиновничка (činovnička) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Malay: pegawai — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Malayalam: ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥൻ (udyōgasthaṉ) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Māori: āpiha — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Middle English: officer — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Mizo: hotu — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Mongolian: ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ (noyan) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Mongolian: ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ (tüsimel) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Mongolian: ноён (nojon) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Mongolian: түшмэл (tüšmel) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Muna: pagawe — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Norwegian Bokmål: (offentlig) tjenestemann — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Iranian Persian: مَأْمور (ma'mur) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Iranian Persian: مامور (mâmur) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Polish: oficjel — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Polish: urzędnik — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Polish: urzędniczka — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Portuguese: oficial — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Portuguese: funcionário — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Romanian: funcționar — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Romanian: funcționară — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Romanian: oficialitate — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Russian: официа́льное лицо́ (oficiálʹnoje licó) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Russian: чино́вник (činóvnik) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Russian: чино́вница (činóvnica) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Russian: слу́жащий (slúžaščij) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Russian: функционе́р (funkcionér) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Russian: должностно́е лицо́ (dolžnostnóje licó) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Slovak: úradník — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Slovak: funkcionár — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Spanish: funcionario — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Swedish: tjänsteman — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Swedish: ämbetsman — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Telugu: అధికారి (adhikāri) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Turkish: memur — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Ottoman Turkish: مأمور (meʼmur) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Ukrainian: посадо́ва осо́ба (posadóva osóba) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Ukrainian: посадо́вець (posadóvecʹ) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Ukrainian: службо́ва осо́ба (službóva osóba) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Ukrainian: службо́вець (službóvecʹ) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Ukrainian: службо́вка (službóvka) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Ukrainian: урядо́ва осо́ба (urjadóva osóba) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Ukrainian: урядо́вець (urjadóvecʹ) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Ukrainian: чино́вник (čynóvnyk) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Urdu: اَدھِکاری (adhikārī) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Urdu: اَہَلکار (ahalkār) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Urdu: عُہ٘دے دار ('uhde dār) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Urdu: مَامُور (māmūr) — office holder invested with powers and authorities
  • Belarusian: суддзя́ (suddzjá) — person responsible for applying the rules in a competition
  • Bulgarian: съдия́ (sǎdijá) — person responsible for applying the rules in a competition
  • Danish: dommer — person responsible for applying the rules in a competition
  • Finnish: toimitsija — person responsible for applying the rules in a competition
  • Finnish: tuomari — person responsible for applying the rules in a competition
  • French: juge — person responsible for applying the rules in a competition
  • French: arbitre — person responsible for applying the rules in a competition
  • Hungarian: játékvezető — person responsible for applying the rules in a competition
  • Russian: судья́ (sudʹjá) — person responsible for applying the rules in a competition
  • Swedish: domare — person responsible for applying the rules in a competition
  • Ukrainian: суддя́ (suddjá) — person responsible for applying the rules in a competition
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