Standard Lemma guide

painful

adj · 9 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ˈpeɪn.fl̩/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -eɪnfəl
  • CMU ARPABET: P EY1 N F AH0 L Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

Causing pain or distress, either physical or mental.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: excruciating, torturous, agonizing, ailsome, groanful, hellish, hurtful, painable, painful, terrible, tormenting, tormentous, unpleasant, wrenchful

Antonyms: painless, painfree

2

adj

Meaning 2

Afflicted or suffering with pain (of a body part or, formerly, of a person).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: doleful, sorrowful, smartful, irksome, annoying

Antonyms: painless, painfree

3

adj

Meaning 3

Requiring effort or labor; difficult, laborious.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: laborious, exerting

Antonyms: none provided

4

adj

Meaning 4

Painstaking; careful; industrious.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: archaic

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

adj

Meaning 5

Very bad, poor.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: informal

Examples

  • His violin playing is painful.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

adjective

Meaning 6

causing physical or psychological pain

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • worked with painful slowness

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: painless

7

adjective satellite

Meaning 7

causing physical discomfort

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • bites of black flies are more than irritating; they can be very painful

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: irritating

Antonyms: none provided

8

adjective satellite

Meaning 8

exceptionally bad or displeasing

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • atrocious taste
  • abominable workmanship
  • an awful voice
  • dreadful manners
  • a painful performance
  • terrible handwriting
  • an unspeakable odor came sweeping into the room

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: atrocious, abominable, awful, dreadful, terrible, unspeakable

Antonyms: none provided

9

adjective satellite

Meaning 9

causing misery or pain or distress

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • it was a sore trial to him
  • the painful process of growing up

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: afflictive, sore

Antonyms: none provided

History

Etymology

From Middle English paynful, peinful, peynful, paynefull, peynefull, equivalent to pain + -ful. Compare Danish pinefuld (“painful”).

Across languages

Translations

134 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: أَلِيم (ʔalīm) — causing pain
  • Arabic: مُؤْلِم (muʔlim) — causing pain
  • Arabic: مُوجِع (mūjiʕ) — causing pain
  • Belarusian: балю́чы (baljúčy) — causing pain
  • Central Bikol: makulog — causing pain
  • Bulgarian: боле́знен (boléznen) — causing pain
  • Bulgarian: мъчи́телен (mǎčítelen) — causing pain
  • Bulgarian: бо́лен (bólen) — causing pain
  • Catalan: dolorós — causing pain
  • Chinese Mandarin: 痛苦的 (tòngkǔ de) — causing pain
  • Chinese Mandarin: 疼痛的 (téngtòng de) — causing pain
  • Czech: bolestivý — causing pain
  • Czech: bolavý — causing pain
  • Czech: bolestný — causing pain
  • Danish: smertefuld — causing pain
  • Danish: smertelig — causing pain
  • Esperanto: dolora — causing pain
  • Finnish: kivulias — causing pain
  • Finnish: tuskallinen — causing pain
  • French: douloureux — causing pain
  • Galician: doloroso — causing pain
  • Georgian: მტკივნეული (mṭḳivneuli) — causing pain
  • German: schmerzhaft — causing pain
  • Greek: επώδυνος (epódynos) — causing pain
  • Greek: οδυνηρός (odynirós) — causing pain
  • Greek: λυπηρός (lypirós) — causing pain
  • Ancient Greek: ἐπώδυνος (epṓdunos) — causing pain
  • Ancient Greek: ὀδυνηρός (odunērós) — causing pain
  • Ancient Greek: λυπηρός (lupērós) — causing pain
  • Mbya Guarani: axy — causing pain
  • Hawaiian: ʻeha — causing pain
  • Hindi: दुखदायी (dukhdāyī) — causing pain
  • Hindi: दुखद (dukhad) — causing pain
  • Hindi: दुखदायक (dukhdāyak) — causing pain
  • Hungarian: fájdalmas — causing pain
  • Ingrian: vaivakas — causing pain
  • Irish: pianmhar — causing pain
  • Irish: pianúil — causing pain
  • Irish: pianach — causing pain
  • Irish: piantach — causing pain
  • Irish: piantúil — causing pain
  • Irish: léanmhar — causing pain
  • Italian: doloroso — causing pain
  • Japanese: 痛い (itai) — causing pain
  • Japanese: 痛みの伴う (itami no tomonau) — causing pain
  • Korean: 아프다 (apeuda) — causing pain
  • Lithuanian: skausmingas — causing pain
  • Macedonian: болен (bolen) — causing pain
  • Māori: tārū — causing pain
  • Māori: tārūrū — causing pain
  • Māori: hīrawerawe — causing pain
  • Māori: pāwera — causing pain
  • Māori: pāwerawera — causing pain
  • Norwegian Bokmål: smertefull — causing pain
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: smertefull — causing pain
  • Occitan: dolorós — causing pain
  • Old English: sār — causing pain
  • Polish: bolesny — causing pain
  • Portuguese: doloroso — causing pain
  • Portuguese: dolorido — causing pain
  • Romanian: dureros — causing pain
  • Russian: боле́зненный (boléznennyj) — causing pain
  • Russian: мучи́тельный (mučítelʹnyj) — causing pain
  • Russian: больно́й (bolʹnój) — causing pain
  • Sanskrit: दुःख (duḥkha) — causing pain
  • Serbo-Croatian: бо̑лан — causing pain
  • Serbo-Croatian: bȏlan — causing pain
  • Slovak: bolestivý — causing pain
  • Slovak: boľavý — causing pain
  • Slovene: boleč — causing pain
  • Spanish: doloroso — causing pain
  • Swedish: smärtsam — causing pain
  • Tagalog: masakit — causing pain
  • Tausug: masakit — causing pain
  • Tocharian B: laklese — causing pain
  • Ukrainian: болю́чий (boljúčyj) — causing pain
  • Ukrainian: бо́лісний (bólisnyj) — causing pain
  • Waray-Waray: maul-ul — causing pain
  • Waray-Waray: masu-ol — causing pain
  • Central Bikol: makulog — suffering with pain
  • Bulgarian: бо́лен (bólen) — suffering with pain
  • Chinese Mandarin: 痛苦的 (tòngkǔ de) — suffering with pain
  • Chinese Mandarin: 疼痛的 (téngtòng de) — suffering with pain
  • Czech: bolestivý — suffering with pain
  • Czech: bolestný — suffering with pain
  • Esperanto: dolora — suffering with pain
  • Finnish: kipeä — suffering with pain
  • Finnish: kivulias — suffering with pain
  • Finnish: tuskallinen — suffering with pain
  • Greek: επώδυνος (epódynos) — suffering with pain
  • Mbya Guarani: axy — suffering with pain
  • Hawaiian: ʻeha — suffering with pain
  • Higaonon: masakit — suffering with pain
  • Hindi: दुःखी (duḥkhī) — suffering with pain
  • Hindi: दुखी (dukhī) — suffering with pain
  • Italian: doloroso — suffering with pain
  • Japanese: 痛い (itai) — suffering with pain
  • Korean: 아프다 (apeuda) — suffering with pain
  • Latin: dolens — suffering with pain
  • Māori: tārū — suffering with pain
  • Māori: tārūrū — suffering with pain
  • Māori: hīrawerawe — suffering with pain
  • Māori: pāwera — suffering with pain
  • Persian: دردناک (dardnâk) — suffering with pain
  • Polish: bolesny — suffering with pain
  • Portuguese: dolorido — suffering with pain
  • Portuguese: doído — suffering with pain
  • Russian: больно́й (bolʹnój) — suffering with pain
  • Spanish: dolorido — suffering with pain
  • Spanish: adolorido — suffering with pain
  • Swedish: smärtsam — suffering with pain
  • Tagalog: masakit — suffering with pain
  • Vietnamese: đau đớn — suffering with pain
  • Bulgarian: тру́ден (trúden) — requiring labor or toil
  • Chinese Mandarin: 吃力的 (chīlì de) — requiring labor or toil
  • Chinese Mandarin: 艱苦的 /艰苦的 (jiānkǔ de) — requiring labor or toil
  • Dutch: moeizaam — requiring labor or toil
  • Dutch: smartelijk — requiring labor or toil
  • Finnish: raskas — requiring labor or toil
  • Finnish: rasittava — requiring labor or toil
  • Finnish: työläs — requiring labor or toil
  • French: laborieux — requiring labor or toil
  • Greek: επίπονος (epíponos) — requiring labor or toil
  • Hungarian: fáradságos — requiring labor or toil
  • Hungarian: nehéz — requiring labor or toil
  • Japanese: 苦しい (kurushii) — requiring labor or toil
  • Japanese: 困難な (konnan na) — requiring labor or toil
  • Japanese: 骨の折れる (hone no oreru) — requiring labor or toil
  • Latin: laboriosus — requiring labor or toil
  • Portuguese: árduo — requiring labor or toil
  • Portuguese: extenuante — requiring labor or toil
  • Russian: тяжёлый (tjažólyj) — requiring labor or toil
  • Russian: тя́гостный (tjágostnyj) — requiring labor or toil
  • Russian: тя́жкий (tjážkij) — requiring labor or toil
Real reading context

painful in complete knowledge articles