paroxysm

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• Received-Pronunciation: /ˈpæɹəksɪz(ə)m/
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• Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• General-American: /ˈpɛɹəkˌsɪzəm/
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• General-American: /pəˈɹɑk-/
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From Late Middle English paroxism, paroxisme (“period of worsening of a disease, attack; sudden recurrent fever”), from Middle French paroxisme, paroxysme, and Old French peroxime (“period of worsening of a disease; bout of fever or illness”) (modern French paroxysme), and from their etymon Late Latin paroxismus, paroxysmus (“a fit; onset of a disease; violent impulse or sadness”), from Ancient Greek πᾰροξῠσμός (păroxŭsmós, “exasperation, irritation; severe fit of a disease”), from πᾰροξῡ́νω (păroxū́nō, “to irritate, provoke”) (from παρα- (para-, prefix meaning ‘parallel to but separate from or going beyond, beside’) + ὀξῡ́νω (oxū́nō, “to provoke; to sharpen”) (from ὀξῠ́ς (oxŭ́s, “sharp”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h2eḱ- (“sharp”))) + -μός (-mós, suffix forming abstract nouns). By surface analysis, para- + oxy- + -ism.

82 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Arabic: نَوْبَة (nawba) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Armenian: պարոքսիզմ (parokʻsizm) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Armenian: նոպա (nopa) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Middle Armenian: նոպայ (nopay) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Bulgarian: пристъп (pristǎp) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Bulgarian: пароксизъм (paroksizǎm) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Catalan: paroxisme — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Czech: nával — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Danish: paroxysme — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Esperanto: paroksismo — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Finnish: kohtaus — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• French: paroxysme — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Georgian: პაროქსიზმი (ṗaroksizmi) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• German: Paroxysmus — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Greek: παροξυσμός (paroxysmós) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Ancient Greek: παροξυσμός (paroxusmós) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Hungarian: roham — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Ido: paroxismo — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Indonesian: paroksismal — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Italian: parossismo — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Italian: acme — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Italian: raptus — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Kazakh: пароксизм (paroksizm) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Korean: 발작 (baljak) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Latin: paroxysmus — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Polish: paroksyzm — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Portuguese: paroxismo — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Romanian: paroxism — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Russian: парокси́зм (paroksízm) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Russian: припа́док (pripádok) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Scots: thraw — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Serbo-Croatian: пароксѝзам — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Serbo-Croatian: paroksìzam — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Sicilian: parussìsimu — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Spanish: paroxismo — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Swedish: paroxysm — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Tagalog: paroksismo — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Tagalog: bidbíd — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Tagalog: bugso — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Udi: замару (zamaru) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Udi: заморой (zamoroj) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Ukrainian: пароксизм (paroksyzm) — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Welsh: ffit — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Welsh: pwl — period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom
• Bulgarian: пръстъп (prǎstǎp) — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Catalan: paroxisme — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Czech: nával — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Czech: záchvat — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Esperanto: paroksismo — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Finnish: kohtaus — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Finnish: purkaus — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• French: paroxysme — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Georgian: შეტევა (šeṭeva) — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• German: Paroxysmus — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Greek: παροξυσμός (paroxysmós) — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Ancient Greek: παροξυσμός (paroxusmós) — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Hebrew: פרוקסיזום — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Hungarian: kitörés — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Irish: néal — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Irish: taom — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Old Irish: recht — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Italian: parossismo — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Macedonian: пароксизам (paroksizam) — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Polish: paroksyzm — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Polish: przystęp — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Portuguese: paroxismo — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Russian: парокси́зм (paroksízm) — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Russian: при́ступ (prístup) — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Sanskrit: वेग (vega) — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Scots: thraw — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Serbo-Croatian: пaроксѝзaм — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Serbo-Croatian: paroksìzam — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Sicilian: parussìsimu — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Slovene: paroksizem — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Spanish: paroxismo — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Tagalog: bugso — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Tagalog: bulalas — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Tagalog: bulalás — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Welsh: ffit — sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling
• Finnish: purkaushuippu — violent occurrence of a natural phenomenon; most explosive event during a series of volcanic eruptions
• Finnish: riidan puhkeaminen — outburst of a violent argument or disagreement
• Finnish: äkkimuutos — disastrous or sudden change