perennial

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• Received-Pronunciation: /pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/
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• General-American: /pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/
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• General-American: /pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/
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• General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• CMU ARPABET: P ER0 EH1 N IY0 AH0 L Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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The adjective is borrowed from Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Perennis is derived from per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”) + annus (“year; season, time”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h2et- (“to go”)). By surface analysis, per- + -ennial. The noun is derived from the adjective. Cognates * Middle French pérenne (modern French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”)) * Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”) * Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)

118 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Bulgarian: целогоди́шен (celogodíšen) — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Catalan: perenne — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Chinese Mandarin: 常年 (chángnián) — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Danish: evig — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Danish: helårlig — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Dutch: eeuwig — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Dutch: gansjarig — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Finnish: ympärivuotinen — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• French: pérenne — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Galician: pernal — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Galician: perenne — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• German: ganzjährig — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Greek: αέναος (aénaos) — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Hindi: चिरस्थायी (cirasthāyī) — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Hindi: बारहमासी (bārahmāsī) — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Hungarian: állandó — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Icelandic: fjölær — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Interlingua: perenne — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Irish: ilbhliantúil — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Italian: perenne — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Ladino: siemprebive — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Latin: perennis — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Manx: yl-vleeantagh — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Manx: yl-vleinoil — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Portuguese: perene — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Russian: круглогоди́чный (kruglogodíčnyj) — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Spanish: perenne — lasting or remaining active throughout the year, or all the time
• Bulgarian: непрекъ́снат (neprekǎ́snat) — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Bulgarian: тра́ен (tráen) — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Bulgarian: ве́чен (véčen) — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Catalan: perenne — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Danish: evig — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Dutch: eeuwig — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Dutch: voortdurend — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Finnish: ajaton — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Finnish: jatkuva — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• German: dauerhaft — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Greek: αέναος (aénaos) — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Greek: αιώνιος (aiónios) — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Greek: διηνεκής (diinekís) — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Hindi: चिरस्थायी (cirasthāyī) — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Interlingua: perenne — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Italian: perenne — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Italian: eterno — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Italian: perpetuo — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Japanese: 永続する (eizoku suru) — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Māori: tautini — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Persian: جاوید (jâvid) — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Polish: odwieczny — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Portuguese: perene — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Russian: постоя́нный (postojánnyj) — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Russian: ве́чный (véčnyj) — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Turkish: sürekli — continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period — see also perpetual, unceasing
• Danish: tilbagevendende — appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent
• Finnish: toistuva — appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent
• German: wiederkehrend — appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent
• Italian: ricorrente — appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent
• Polish: częsty — appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent
• Polish: powracający — appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent
• Polish: powtarzający się — appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent
• Russian: повторя́ющийся (povtorjájuščijsja) — appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent
• Russian: возвраща́ющийся (vozvraščájuščijsja) — appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent
• Turkish: periodik — appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent
• Turkish: yinelenen — appearing or recurring again and again — see also recurrent
• Belarusian: шматгадо́вы (šmathadóvy) — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Bulgarian: многогоди́шен (mnogogodíšen) — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Catalan: perenne — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Chinese Mandarin: 多年生 (duōniánshēng) — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Czech: trvalka — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Danish: flerårig — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Dutch: meerjarig — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Finnish: monivuotinen — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Galician: perenne — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Georgian: მრავალწლოვანი (mravalc̣lovani) — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• German: mehrjährig — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Greek: πολυετής (polyetís) — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Hindi: बारहमासी (bārahmāsī) — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Hungarian: évelő — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Icelandic: fjölær — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Interlingua: perenne — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Irish: ilbhliantúil — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Italian: perenne — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Japanese: 多年生の (tanensei no) — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Kazakh: көпжылдық (köpjyldyq) — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Manx: yl-vleeantagh — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Manx: yl-vleinoil — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Norwegian Bokmål: flerårig — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Norwegian Nynorsk: fleirårig — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Persian: چندساله (čand-sâle) — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Polish: wieloletni — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Portuguese: perene — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Portuguese: vivaz — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Russian: многоле́тний (mnogolétnij) — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Spanish: perennifolio — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Swedish: flerårig — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Turkish: birkaç senelik — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Turkish: çok yıllık — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Ukrainian: багаторі́чний (bahatoríčnyj) — of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Bulgarian: многогоди́шно расте́ние (mnogogodíšno rasténie) — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Catalan: perennifoli — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Chinese Mandarin: 多年生 (duōniánshēng) — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Czech: trvalka — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Dutch: meerjarige plant — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Esperanto: staŭdo — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Finnish: perenna — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Finnish: monivuotinen kasvi — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• French: vivace — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Greek: πολυετές (polyetés) — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Hindi: बारहमासी (bārahmāsī) — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Hungarian: évelő — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Polish: bylina — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Polish: roślina wieloletnia — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Portuguese: planta perene — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Russian: многолетнее расте́ние (mnogoletneje rasténije) — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Slovene: trajnica — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Slovene: večletna rastlina — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Spanish: planta perenne — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons
• Swedish: perenn — plant active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons