Standard Lemma guide

perfunctory

adj · 4 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • UK: /pəˈfʌŋk.t(ə)ɹɪ/
  • US: /pɚˈfʌŋk.tɚ.i/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: P ER0 F AH1 NG K T ER0 IY0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

Done only or merely to conform to a minimal standard or to fulfill a protocol or presumptive duty.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: automatic, cursory, obligatory, pro forma, token, unthinking

Antonyms: none provided

2

adj

Meaning 2

Performed in a careless or indifferent manner as a thing of rote.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • He did a perfunctory job cleaning his dad's car, finishing quickly but leaving a few spots still dirty.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: haphazard, mechanical, slipshod

Antonyms: careful, complete, thorough

3

adjective satellite

Meaning 3

hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • a casual (or cursory) inspection failed to reveal the house's structural flaws
  • a passing glance
  • perfunctory courtesy

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: casual, cursory, passing(a)

Antonyms: none provided

4

adjective satellite

Meaning 4

as a formality only

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • a one-candidate pro forma election

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: pro forma

Antonyms: none provided

History

Etymology

From Late Latin perfunctōrius (“careless, negligent”), from the past participial stem of perfungor, perfunct- (“perform, carry through”), from per- + fungor.

Across languages

Translations

76 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Bulgarian: повърхностен (povǎrhnosten) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Bulgarian: небрежен (nebrežen) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Catalan: perfuntori — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Catalan: descurat — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Chinese Mandarin: 敷衍 (fūyǎn) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Chinese Mandarin: 含糊 (hánhu) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Chinese Mandarin: 不痛不癢 /不痛不痒 (bùtòngbùyǎng) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Czech: formální — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Czech: ledabylý — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Czech: povrchní — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Czech: letmý — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Czech: zběžný — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Danish: skødesløs — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Danish: overfladisk — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Dutch: (louter) plichtmatig — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Dutch: machinaal — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Dutch: werktuiglijk — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Dutch: routineus — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Esperanto: supraĵa — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Esperanto: indiferenta — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Finnish: rutiininomainen — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Finnish: pintapuolinen — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Finnish: puolihuolimaton — performed out of routine, with little care
  • French: sommaire — performed out of routine, with little care
  • French: superficiel — performed out of routine, with little care
  • French: négligeant — performed out of routine, with little care
  • French: pour la forme — performed out of routine, with little care
  • French: de pure forme — performed out of routine, with little care
  • French: détaché — performed out of routine, with little care
  • French: bâclé — performed out of routine, with little care
  • German: flüchtig — performed out of routine, with little care
  • German: maschinell — performed out of routine, with little care
  • German: oberflächlich — performed out of routine, with little care
  • German: der Form halber — performed out of routine, with little care
  • German: formell — performed out of routine, with little care
  • German: pro forma — performed out of routine, with little care
  • German: routinemäßig — performed out of routine, with little care
  • German: nachlässig — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Greek: διεκπεραιωτικός (diekperaiotikós) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Hungarian: felületes — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Hungarian: hanyag — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Hungarian: futó — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Irish: sleamchúiseach — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Irish: neamhaireach — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Italian: superficiale — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Italian: sbrigativo — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Japanese: 御座成の (ozanari no) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Polish: pobieżny — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Polish: powierzchowny — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Portuguese: perfunctório — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Romanian: cu superficialitate — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Romanian: cu neglijenââ — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Romanian: superficial — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Russian: небре́жный (nebréžnyj) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Russian: пове́рхностный (povérxnostnyj) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Russian: машина́льный (mašinálʹnyj) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Serbo-Croatian: махиналан — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Serbo-Croatian: макиналан — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Serbo-Croatian: mahinalan — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Serbo-Croatian: makinalan — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Spanish: superficial — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Spanish: perfunctorio — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Spanish: rutinario — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Spanish: somero — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Spanish: maquinal — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Swedish: invand — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Swedish: slentrianmässig — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Swedish: vana — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Ukrainian: поверхневий (poverxnevyj) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Ukrainian: формальний (formalʹnyj) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Ukrainian: машинальний (mašynalʹnyj) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Ukrainian: недбалий (nedbalyj) — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Vietnamese: qua loa — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Vietnamese: hời hợt — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Vietnamese: đại khái — performed out of routine, with little care
  • Yiddish: אויבנאויפֿיק (oybnoyfik) — performed out of routine, with little care
Real reading context

perfunctory in complete knowledge articles