Standard Lemma guide

persecution

noun · 2 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • General-American: /ˌpɝsəˈkjuʃən/
  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˌpɜːsəˈkjuːʃən/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -uːʃən
  • CMU ARPABET: P ER2 S AH0 K Y UW1 SH AH0 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

The act of persecuting, especially a specific group of people; an instance of persecution.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • Many apartheid perpetrators escaped prosecution for their persecution of black Africans and political dissidents.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: maltreatment, ill-treatment, ill-usage, abuse

Narrower terms: oppression, subjugation, pogrom, rendition, torture, torturing

History

Etymology

Equivalent to persecute + -ion. From Middle English persecucioun, from Old French persecucion, from Ecclesiastical Latin persecūtio (“persecution; chase, pursuit”), from Latin persequor (“follow up, pursue”), from per- (“through”) + sequor (“follow”). Displaced native Old English ēhtnes.

Across languages

Translations

60 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: اِضْطِهَاد (iḍṭihād) — the act of persecuting
  • Armenian: հալածանք (halacankʻ) — the act of persecuting
  • Bourguignon: porsécucion — the act of persecuting
  • Bulgarian: преследване (presledvane) — the act of persecuting
  • Bulgarian: гонение (gonenie) — the act of persecuting
  • Catalan: persecució — the act of persecuting
  • Chinese Mandarin: 迫害 (pòhài) — the act of persecuting
  • Czech: perzekuce — the act of persecuting
  • Danish: forfølgelse — the act of persecuting
  • Dutch: vervolging — the act of persecuting
  • Esperanto: persekutado — the act of persecuting
  • Finnish: vainoaminen — the act of persecuting
  • Finnish: vaino — the act of persecuting
  • Finnish: sorto — the act of persecuting
  • French: persécution — the act of persecuting
  • Georgian: დევნა (devna) — the act of persecuting
  • German: Verfolgung — the act of persecuting
  • German: Schikane — the act of persecuting
  • German: Drangsalierung — the act of persecuting
  • German: Plage — the act of persecuting
  • German: Belästigung — the act of persecuting
  • Gothic: 𐍅𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹 (wrēkei) — the act of persecuting
  • Gothic: 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰 (wraka) — the act of persecuting
  • Greek: καταδίωξη (katadíoxi) — the act of persecuting
  • Greek: δίωξη (díoxi) — the act of persecuting
  • Ancient Greek: διωγμός (diōgmós) — the act of persecuting
  • Hebrew: רדיפה (redifá) — the act of persecuting
  • Hindi: प्रताड़ना (pratāṛnā) — the act of persecuting
  • Hindi: सताना (satānā) — the act of persecuting
  • Hungarian: üldözés — the act of persecuting
  • Hungarian: üldöztetés — the act of persecuting
  • Irish: géarleanúint — the act of persecuting
  • Italian: persecuzione — the act of persecuting
  • Japanese: 迫害 (hakugai) — the act of persecuting
  • Korean: 박해 (bakhae) — the act of persecuting
  • Central Kurdish: چەوساندنەوە (çewsandnewe) — the act of persecuting
  • Ladino: afrision — the act of persecuting
  • Ladino: afriisyon — the act of persecuting
  • Luxembourgish: Verfollegung — the act of persecuting
  • Norwegian Bokmål: forfølgelse — the act of persecuting
  • Old English: ēhtnes — the act of persecuting
  • Persian: آزار (âzâr) — the act of persecuting
  • Plautdietsch: Forcht — the act of persecuting
  • Polish: prześladowanie — the act of persecuting
  • Portuguese: perseguição — the act of persecuting
  • Romanian: persecutare — the act of persecuting
  • Russian: пресле́дование (preslédovanije) — the act of persecuting
  • Russian: гоне́ние (gonénije) — the act of persecuting
  • Russian: тра́вля (trávlja) — the act of persecuting
  • Russian: напа́дки (napádki) — the act of persecuting
  • Serbo-Croatian: progon — the act of persecuting
  • Serbo-Croatian: proganjanje — the act of persecuting
  • Spanish: persecución — the act of persecuting
  • Spanish: cacería — the act of persecuting
  • Spanish: prosecución — the act of persecuting
  • Swedish: förföljelse — the act of persecuting
  • Turkish: zulüm — the act of persecuting
  • Vietnamese: sự khủng bố — the act of persecuting
  • Yiddish: פֿאַרפֿאָלגונג (farfolgung) — the act of persecuting
  • Yiddish: רדיפֿה (rdifh) — the act of persecuting
Real reading context

persecution in complete knowledge articles