Polish

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• UK: /ˈpəʊlɪʃ/
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• US: pōʹlĭsh
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• US: /ˈpoʊlɪʃ/
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -əʊlɪʃ
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• UK: pŏl'ĭsh
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• UK: /ˈpɒl.ɪʃ/
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• US: pä'lĭsh
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• US: /ˈpɑ.lɪʃ/
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• CMU ARPABET: P AA1 L IH0 SH Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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• CMU ARPABET 2: P OW1 L IH0 SH Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Pole + -ish. Doublet of Poylish.

From Middle English polishen, from Old French poliss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of polir, from Latin polīre (“to polish, make smooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh2- (“to drive, strike, thrust”), from the notion of fulling cloth.

414 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Afrikaans: Pools — of Poland or its language
• Albanian: polak — of Poland or its language
• Albanian: polake — of Poland or its language
• Arabic: بُولَنْدِيّ (bulandiyy) — of Poland or its language
• Arabic: بُولَنْدِيّ (bōlandiyy) — of Poland or its language
• Armenian: լեհական (lehakan) — of Poland or its language
• Armenian: լեհերեն (leheren) — of Poland or its language
• Aromanian: pulunescu — of Poland or its language
• Aromanian: puluneascã — of Poland or its language
• Asturian: polacu — of Poland or its language
• Azerbaijani: polyak — of Poland or its language
• Belarusian: по́льскі (pólʹski) — of Poland or its language
• Bengali: পোলীয় (pōliẏo) — of Poland or its language
• Bengali: লেহিস্তানী (lehistani) — of Poland or its language
• Breton: poloniat — of Poland or its language
• Breton: polonek — of Poland or its language
• Bulgarian: по́лски (pólski) — of Poland or its language
• Burmese: ပိုလန် (puilan) — of Poland or its language
• Carpathian Rusyn: по́льскый (pólʹskŷj) — of Poland or its language
• Catalan: polonès — of Poland or its language
• Chechen: польшин (poljšin) — of Poland or its language
• Chinese Mandarin: 波蘭的 /波兰的 (Bōlán de) — of Poland or its language
• Cornish: polonek — of Poland or its language
• Crimean Tatar: Leh — of Poland or its language
• Czech: polský — of Poland or its language
• Danish: polsk — of Poland or its language
• Dutch: Pools — of Poland or its language
• Esperanto: pola — of Poland or its language
• Esperanto: pollanda — of Poland or its language
• Esperanto: pollingva — of Poland or its language
• Estonian: poola — of Poland or its language
• Farefare: pola — of Poland or its language
• Faroese: pólskur — of Poland or its language
• Finnish: puolalainen — of Poland or its language
• French: polonais — of Poland or its language
• Galician: polaco — of Poland or its language
• Galician: polonés — of Poland or its language
• Georgian: პოლონური (ṗolonuri) — of Poland or its language
• Georgian: პოლონელი (ṗoloneli) — of Poland or its language
• German: polnisch — of Poland or its language
• East Central German: pulsch — of Poland or its language
• Greek: πολωνικός (polonikós) — of Poland or its language
• Greek: πολωνέζικος (polonézikos) — of Poland or its language
• Hawaiian: Pōlani — of Poland or its language
• Hebrew: פּוֹלָנִי (polaní) — of Poland or its language
• Hindi: पोलिश (poliś) — of Poland or its language
• Hungarian: lengyel — of Poland or its language
• Icelandic: pólskur — of Poland or its language
• Interlingua: polonese — of Poland or its language
• Interlingua: polac — of Poland or its language
• Irish: Polannach — of Poland or its language
• Italian: polacco — of Poland or its language
• Japanese: ポーランドの (Pōrando no) — of Poland or its language
• Kashubian: pòlsczi — of Poland or its language
• Kazakh: поляк (poläk) — of Poland or its language
• Khmer: ប៉ូឡូញ (poulouñ) — of Poland or its language
• Korean: 폴란드의 (Pollandeu-ui) — of Poland or its language
• Korean: 뽈스까의 (Ppolseukka-ui) — of Poland or its language
• Kyrgyz: поляк (polyak) — of Poland or its language
• Lao: ໂປແລັນ (pō læn) — of Poland or its language
• Latin: Polonicus — of Poland or its language
• Latvian: poļu — of Poland or its language
• Latvian: polisks — of Poland or its language
• Lithuanian: lenkiškas — of Poland or its language
• Lithuanian: lenkų — of Poland or its language
• Macedonian: полски (polski) — of Poland or its language
• Maltese: Pollakk — of Poland or its language
• Marathi: पोलिश (poliś) — of Poland or its language
• Mongolian: польш (polʹš) — of Poland or its language
• Norwegian Bokmål: polsk — of Poland or its language
• Norwegian Nynorsk: polsk — of Poland or its language
• Church Slavic: пол҄ьскъ (polʹĭskŭ) — of Poland or its language
• Old East Slavic: польскъ (polĭskŭ) — of Poland or its language
• Pashto: پولنډی (polanḍáy) — of Poland or its language
• Persian: لهستانی (lahestâni) — of Poland or its language
• Pitcairn-Norfolk: Poelish — of Poland or its language
• Polish: polski — of Poland or its language
• Portuguese: polonês — of Poland or its language
• Portuguese: polaco — of Poland or its language
• Romanian: polonez m poloneză — of Poland or its language
• Romanian: polon — of Poland or its language
• Romanian: polonă — of Poland or its language
• Romanian: leah — of Poland or its language
• Romanian: leahă — of Poland or its language
• Romanian: leși — of Poland or its language
• Russian: по́льский (pólʹskij) — of Poland or its language
• Scottish Gaelic: Pòlainneach — of Poland or its language
• Serbo-Croatian: по̏љскӣ — of Poland or its language
• Serbo-Croatian: pȍljskī — of Poland or its language
• Silesian: polski — of Poland or its language
• Silesian: polsko — of Poland or its language
• Slovak: poľský — of Poland or its language
• Slovene: póljski — of Poland or its language
• Lower Sorbian: pólski — of Poland or its language
• Upper Sorbian: pólski — of Poland or its language
• Spanish: polaco — of Poland or its language
• Spanish: polonés — of Poland or its language
• Swahili: Kipolandi — of Poland or its language
• Swahili: Kipoli — of Poland or its language
• Swedish: polsk — of Poland or its language
• Tagalog: Polako — of Poland or its language
• Tajik: полякӣ (polyaki) — of Poland or its language
• Tajik: лаҳистонӣ (lahistoni) — of Poland or its language
• Tatar: поляк (polyaq) — of Poland or its language
• Thai: โปแลนด์ (bpoo-lɛɛn) — of Poland or its language
• Turkish: Polonyalı — of Poland or its language
• Turkish: Leh — of Poland or its language
• Ottoman Turkish: له (leh) — of Poland or its language
• Turkmen: polýak — of Poland or its language
• Ukrainian: по́льський (pólʹsʹkyj) — of Poland or its language
• Urdu: پولش (poliś) — of Poland or its language
• Uyghur: پولەك (polek) — of Poland or its language
• Uzbek: polyak — of Poland or its language
• Vietnamese: Ba Lan — of Poland or its language
• Welsh: Pwylaidd — of Poland or its language
• Yiddish: פּויליש (poylish) — of Poland or its language
• Afrikaans: Pools — the language of Poland
• Albanian: gjuha polake — the language of Poland
• Albanian: polonisht — the language of Poland
• Albanian: polonishte — the language of Poland
• Amharic: የፖላንድ ቋንቋ (yäpoland ḳwanḳwa) — the language of Poland
• Arabic: بُولَنْدِيَّة (bōlandiyya) — the language of Poland
• Armenian: լեհերեն (leheren) — the language of Poland
• Asturian: polacu — the language of Poland
• Azerbaijani: polyak — the language of Poland
• Azerbaijani: polyak dili — the language of Poland
• Basque: poloniera — the language of Poland
• Belarusian: по́льская мо́ва (pólʹskaja móva) — the language of Poland
• Belarusian: по́льская (pólʹskaja) — the language of Poland
• Bengali: লেহিস্তানী (lehistani) — the language of Poland
• Breton: poloneg — the language of Poland
• Bulgarian: по́лски (pólski) — the language of Poland
• Catalan: polonès — the language of Poland
• Chechen: полякийн мотт (poljakiı̇n mott) — the language of Poland
• Chinese Mandarin: 波蘭語 /波兰语 (bōlányǔ) — the language of Poland
• Cornish: Polonek — the language of Poland
• Czech: polština — the language of Poland
• Danish: polsk — the language of Poland
• Dutch: Pools — the language of Poland
• Esperanto: pola — the language of Poland
• Estonian: poola — the language of Poland
• Farefare: polne — the language of Poland
• Faroese: pólskt — the language of Poland
• Finnish: puola — the language of Poland
• Finnish: puolan kieli — the language of Poland
• French: polonais — the language of Poland
• West-Frisian: Poalsk — the language of Poland
• Galician: polaco — the language of Poland
• Georgian: პოლონური (ṗolonuri) — the language of Poland
• Georgian: პოლონური ენა (ṗolonuri ena) — the language of Poland
• German: Polnisch — the language of Poland
• Bavarian German: poinisch — the language of Poland
• Greek: πολωνικά (poloniká) — the language of Poland
• Greek: πολωνέζικα (polonézika) — the language of Poland
• Greenlandic: polenimiutut — the language of Poland
• Hebrew: פולנית (polanít) — the language of Poland
• Hindi: पोलिश (poliś) — the language of Poland
• Hungarian: lengyel — the language of Poland
• Icelandic: pólska — the language of Poland
• Indonesian: bahasa Polandia — the language of Poland
• Interlingua: polonese — the language of Poland
• Irish: Polainnis — the language of Poland
• Italian: polacco — the language of Poland
• Japanese: ポーランド語 (pōrandogo) — the language of Poland
• Kashubian: pòlsczi jãzëk — the language of Poland
• Kazakh: поляк тілі (poläk tılı) — the language of Poland
• Kazakh: полякша (poläkşa) — the language of Poland
• Korean: 폴란드어 (pollandeueo) — the language of Poland
• Latvian: poļu — the language of Poland
• Latvian: poļu valoda — the language of Poland
• Lithuanian: lenkų — the language of Poland
• Lithuanian: lenkiškai — the language of Poland
• Low German: Poolsch — the language of Poland
• Macedonian: полски (polski) — the language of Poland
• Malay: bahasa Poland — the language of Poland
• Maltese: Pollakk — the language of Poland
• Mapudungun: pulska dungun — the language of Poland
• Marathi: पोलिश (poliś) — the language of Poland
• Mingrelian: პოლონური ნინა (ṗolonuri nina) — the language of Poland
• Moksha: польшань (poľšań) — the language of Poland
• Navajo: Póolish Dineʼé bizaad — the language of Poland
• Nepali: पोलिश (poliś) — the language of Poland
• Norwegian Bokmål: polsk — the language of Poland
• Norwegian Nynorsk: polsk — the language of Poland
• Persian: لهستانی (lahestâni) — the language of Poland
• Polish: język polski — the language of Poland
• Polish: polszczyzna — the language of Poland
• Portuguese: polonês — the language of Poland
• Portuguese: polaco — the language of Poland
• Romanian: poloneză — the language of Poland
• Romanian: polonă — the language of Poland
• Russian: по́льский (pólʹskij) — the language of Poland
• Scots: Pols — the language of Poland
• Scottish Gaelic: Pòlainnis — the language of Poland
• Serbo-Croatian: по̏љскӣ — the language of Poland
• Serbo-Croatian: pȍljskī — the language of Poland
• Silesian: polsko godka — the language of Poland
• Slovak: poľština — the language of Poland
• Slovak: poľský — the language of Poland
• Slovene: póljščina — the language of Poland
• Lower Sorbian: pólšćina — the language of Poland
• Upper Sorbian: pólšćina — the language of Poland
• Spanish: polaco — the language of Poland
• Swahili: Kipolandi — the language of Poland
• Swahili: Kipoli — the language of Poland
• Swedish: polska — the language of Poland
• Tamil: போலிஷ் (pōliṣ) — the language of Poland
• Tatar: поляк (polyaq) — the language of Poland
• Thai: ภาษาโปแลนด์ (paa-sǎa bpoo-lɛɛn) — the language of Poland
• Tigrinya: ፖሊሽ (poliš) — the language of Poland
• Turkish: Lehçe — the language of Poland
• Ukrainian: по́льська мо́ва (pólʹsʹka móva) — the language of Poland
• Ukrainian: по́льська (pólʹsʹka) — the language of Poland
• Urdu: پولستانی (polstāni) — the language of Poland
• Uyghur: پولەكچە (polekche) — the language of Poland
• Uzbek: polyakcha — the language of Poland
• Vietnamese: tiếng Ba-lan — the language of Poland
• Walloon: polonès — the language of Poland
• Welsh: Pwyleg — the language of Poland
• Zulu: Isipholisha — the language of Poland
• Armenian: լաք (lakʻ) — substance used to polish
• Bulgarian: лак (lak) — substance used to polish
• Bulgarian: гланц (glanc) — substance used to polish
• Bulgarian: политура (politura) — substance used to polish
• Catalan: poliment — substance used to polish
• Czech: leštidlo — substance used to polish
• Danish: pudsecreme — substance used to polish
• Danish: politur — substance used to polish
• Dutch: poets — substance used to polish
• Dutch: poetsmiddel — substance used to polish
• Esperanto: polurilo — substance used to polish
• Finnish: kiillote — substance used to polish
• Finnish: kiillotusaine — substance used to polish
• French: vernis — substance used to polish
• German: Politur — substance used to polish
• Indonesian: poles — substance used to polish
• Italian: lucido — substance used to polish
• Italian: cera — substance used to polish
• Japanese: 研磨剤 (kenma-zai) — substance used to polish
• Persian: پولیش (poliš) — substance used to polish
• Polish: pasta do polerowania — substance used to polish
• Portuguese: cera — substance used to polish
• Portuguese: graxa — substance used to polish
• Romanian: pastă de lustruit — substance used to polish
• Scottish Gaelic: lìomh — substance used to polish
• Spanish: pulidor — substance used to polish
• Spanish: abrillantador — substance used to polish
• Spanish: pulimento — substance used to polish
• Spanish: betún — substance used to polish
• Swedish: polityr — substance used to polish
• Swedish: polermedel — substance used to polish
• Swedish: putsmedel — substance used to polish
• Turkish: parlatma maddesi — substance used to polish
• Bulgarian: лъскавина (lǎskavina) — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Bulgarian: блясък (bljasǎk) — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Danish: glans — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Danish: glathed — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Dutch: glans — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Esperanto: poluro — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Finnish: (shininess) kiilto — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Finnish: tasaisuus — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• German: Glanz — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Irish: snas — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Italian: lucidità — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Italian: lucentezza — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Italian: brillantezza — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Italian: levigatezza — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Japanese: 綺麗 (kirei) — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Japanese: 清らか (kiyoraka) — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Japanese: 清潔 (seiketsu) — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Japanese: 平ら (taira) — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Japanese: 平坦 (heitan) — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Japanese: 輝き (shininess) — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Japanese: つや (tsuya) — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Japanese: 艶 (tsuya) — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Japanese: 光沢 (kōtaku) — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Polish: połysk — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Portuguese: polimento — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Swedish: polish — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Swedish: glans — cleanliness; smoothness; shininess
• Danish: elegance — cleanliness in performance or presentation
• Danish: forfinelse — cleanliness in performance or presentation
• Finnish: viimeistely — cleanliness in performance or presentation
• Finnish: selkeys — cleanliness in performance or presentation
• Finnish: tyyli — cleanliness in performance or presentation
• German: Schliff — cleanliness in performance or presentation
• Italian: raffinatezza — cleanliness in performance or presentation
• Japanese: 洗練 (senren) — cleanliness in performance or presentation
• Portuguese: polimento — cleanliness in performance or presentation
• Swedish: finess — cleanliness in performance or presentation
• Swedish: polityr — cleanliness in performance or presentation
• Arabic: لَمَّعَ (lammaʕa) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Armenian: հղկել (hġkel) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Armenian: ողորկել (oġorkel) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Bulgarian: лъскам (lǎskam) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Bulgarian: полирам (poliram) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Catalan: polir — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Chinese Mandarin: 擦亮 (cāliàng) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Czech: leštit — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Danish: polere — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Danish: blanke — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Danish: pudse — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Danish: glatte — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Dutch: polijsten — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Dutch: poetsen — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Dutch: oppoetsen — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Esperanto: poluri — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Finnish: kiillottaa — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Finnish: hioa — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Finnish: puunata — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Finnish: lankata — make a surface smooth or shiny
• French: polir — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Galician: puír — make a surface smooth or shiny
• German: polieren — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Greek: γυαλίζω (gyalízo) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Greek: λουστράρω (loustráro) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Hebrew: לִטֵּשׁ (litésh) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Hebrew: מֵרֵק (merék) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Hungarian: kifényesít — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Hungarian: políroz — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Hungarian: fényez — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Ido: briligar — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Ido: polisar — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Interlingua: polir — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Interlingua: furbir — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Interlingua: lustrar — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Interlingua: lisiar — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Italian: lucidare — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Italian: levigare — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Italian: lustrare — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Italian: brillantare — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Italian: tirare a lucido — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Japanese: 磨く (migaku) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Japanese: 研ぐ (togu) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Khmer: ពួត (puət) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Khmer: បង្ខាត់ (bɑŋkhat) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Khmer: ខាត់ (khat) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Korean: 닦다 (dakda) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Latin: poliō — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Māori: whakapiata — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Māori: whakamahine — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Māori: whakamaheni — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Māori: whakapīrata — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Norman: poli — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Norwegian Bokmål: polere — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Norwegian Bokmål: pusse — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Persian: پولیش کردن (poliš kardan) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Polish: polerować — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Polish: wygładzać — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Portuguese: polir — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Romanian: lustrui — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Russian: полирова́ть (polirovátʹ) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Russian: шлифова́ть (šlifovátʹ) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Sanskrit: घर्षति (gharṣati) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Scottish Gaelic: lìomh — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Spanish: pulir — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Spanish: acicalar — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Spanish: polir — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Spanish: pulimentar — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Spanish: lustrar — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Spanish: alcorzar — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Spanish: aluciar — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Swedish: polera — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Swedish: putsa — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Tocharian B: kānt- — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Turkish: parlatmak — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Turkish: mührelemek — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Ottoman Turkish: مهرهلمك (mührelemek) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Ukrainian: полірува́ти (poliruváty) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Ukrainian: пополірува́ти (popoliruváty) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Ukrainian: відполіро́вувати (vidpoliróvuvaty) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Ukrainian: відполірува́ти (vidpoliruváty) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Ukrainian: шліфува́ти (šlifuváty) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Ukrainian: пошліфува́ти (pošlifuváty) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Ukrainian: відшліфо́вувати (vidšlifóvuvaty) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Ukrainian: відшліфува́ти (vidšlifuváty) — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Vietnamese: đánh bóng — make a surface smooth or shiny
• Arabic: صَقَل (ṣaqal) — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Catalan: polir — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Danish: forfine — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Dutch: oppoetsen — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Finnish: hioa — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Finnish: parannella — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Finnish: kehittää — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Galician: puír — to refine; improve imperfections from
• German: perfektionieren — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Italian: perfezionare — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Italian: smussare — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Italian: levigare — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Japanese: 洗練する (senren-suru) — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Polish: szlifować — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Portuguese: polir — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Romanian: perfecționa — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Spanish: pulir — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Spanish: acicalar — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Spanish: polir — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Spanish: aluciar — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Swedish: polera — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Swedish: putsa — to refine; improve imperfections from
• Bulgarian: лъскам (lǎskam) — to apply shoe polish
• Finnish: kiillottaa kenkiä — to apply shoe polish
• Finnish: lankata — to apply shoe polish
• Galician: lustrar — to apply shoe polish
• German: wichsen — to apply shoe polish
• Ido: cirajizar — to apply shoe polish
• Italian: lustrare — to apply shoe polish
• Italian: lucidare — to apply shoe polish
• Navajo: náyiishį́į́h — to apply shoe polish
• Norman: bliatchinner — to apply shoe polish
• Romanian: lustrui — to apply shoe polish
• Scottish Gaelic: lìomh — to apply shoe polish
• Spanish: lustrar — to apply shoe polish
• Spanish: embetunar — to apply shoe polish
• Spanish: betunar — to apply shoe polish