adj
Meaning 1
Used in proving or testing.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Examples
- a proof load; a proof charge
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
Standard Lemma guide
proof
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Pronunciation
Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.
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Canada, UK: pro͞of
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Canada, UK: /pɹuːf/
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US: pro͞of
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US: /pɹuf/
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US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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Australian, New-Zealand: pro͞of
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Australian, New-Zealand: /pɹʉːf/
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rhymes with -uːf
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CMU ARPABET: P R UW1 F Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
adj
Meaning 2
Firm or successful in resisting.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Examples
- proof against harm
- waterproof; bombproof
- quoted in 1818, Christopher Kelly, History of the French Revolution and of the Wars produced by that Memorable Event The French cavalry, in proof armour, repeatedly charged our squares, their cannon opening chasms; but the British infantry, though greatly diminished, were inflexible and impenetrable to the last.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
adj
Meaning 3
Being of a certain standard as to alcohol content.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Examples
- 60% proof liquor
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
name
Meaning 4
The 98th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 5
An effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable
Examples
- I need proof of your unconditional love. Lend me some dough.
- 1591, Edmund Spenser, Prosopopoia: or, Mother Hubbard's Tale, later also published in William Michael Rossetti, Humorous Poems, But the false Fox most kindly played his part, For whatsoever mother-wit or art Could work he put in proof. No practice sly, No counterpoint of cunning policy, No reach, no breach, that might him profit bring. But he the same did to his purpose wring.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: disproof
noun
Meaning 6
The degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments which induce, or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence; demonstration.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: uncountable
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: testament, testimony
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 7
The quality or state of having been proved or tried; firmness or hardness which resists impression, or does not yield to force; impenetrability of physical bodies.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable, uncountable
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 8
Experience of something.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable, obsolete, uncountable
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 9
Firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: obsolete, uncountable
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 10
A proof sheet; a trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or examination.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable
Topics: media, printing, publishing
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 11
A limited-run high-quality strike of a particular coin, originally as a test run, although nowadays mostly for collectors' sets.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable, uncountable
Topics: hobbies, lifestyle, numismatics
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 12
A sequence of statements consisting of axioms, assumptions, statements already demonstrated in another proof, and statements that logically follow from previous statements in the sequence, and which concludes with a statement that is the object of the proof.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable
Topics: human-sciences, logic, mathematics, philosophy, sciences
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 13
A process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed. Compare prove, transitive verb, 5.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable
Topics: mathematics, sciences
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 14
Armour of excellent or tried quality, and deemed impenetrable; properly, armour of proof.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable, obsolete, uncountable
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 15
A measure of the alcohol content of liquor. Originally, in Britain, 100 proof was defined as 57.1% by volume (no longer used). In the US, 100 proof means that the alcohol content is 50% of the total volume of the liquid; thus, perfectly pure absolute alcohol would be 200 proof.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: US, countable, uncountable
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
verb
Meaning 16
To proofread.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: colloquial, intransitive, transitive
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
verb
Meaning 17
To make resistant, especially to water.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: transitive
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
verb
Meaning 18
To test-fire with a load considerably more powerful than the firearm in question's rated maximum chamber pressure, in order to establish the firearm's ability to withstand pressures well in excess of those expected in service without bursting.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: transitive
Topics: engineering, firearms, government, military, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, politics, tools, war, weaponry
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
verb
Meaning 19
To allow (yeast-containing dough) to rise, especially after it has been shaped
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: transitive
Topics: baking, cooking, food, lifestyle
Examples
- dough proofing
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
verb
Meaning 20
To test the activeness of (yeast).
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: transitive
Topics: baking, cooking, food, lifestyle
Examples
- yeast proofing
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: bloom, rehydrate
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 21
the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: validation, substantiation
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: determination, finding
Narrower terms: authentication, certification, documentation, support, monetization, monetisation, probate
noun
Meaning 22
a trial photographic print from a negative
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: photographic print, print
noun
Meaning 23
any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
- if you have any proof for what you say, now is the time to produce it
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: cogent evidence
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: evidence, grounds
Narrower terms: confirmation, verification, check, substantiation, establishment, validation
noun
Meaning 24
(printing) an impression made to check for errors
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: test copy, trial impression
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: impression, printing
Narrower terms: galley proof, foundry proof
noun
Meaning 25
a formal series of statements showing that if one thing is true something else necessarily follows from it
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: argument, statement
Narrower terms: mathematical proof, logical proof, demonstration, monstrance
noun
Meaning 26
a measure of alcoholic strength expressed as an integer twice the percentage of alcohol present (by volume)
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: measure, quantity, amount
verb
Meaning 27
make resistant (to harm)
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
- proof the materials against shrinking in the dryer
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: strengthen
Narrower terms: bombproof, bulletproof, child-proof, childproof, goofproof, goof-proof, foolproof, fireproof, weatherproof
verb
Meaning 28
activate by mixing with water and sometimes sugar or milk
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
- proof yeast
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: change, alter, modify
verb
Meaning 29
read for errors
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
- I should proofread my manuscripts
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: proofread
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain, assure
verb
Meaning 30
knead to reach proper lightness
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
- proof dough
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: knead, work
verb
Meaning 31
make or take a proof of, such as a photographic negative, an etching, or typeset
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: produce, make, create
History
Etymology
From Middle English proof, from Old French prove, from Late Latin proba (“a proof”), from Latin probō (“to prove”); see prove; compare also the doublet probe.
Across languages
Translations
169 source translations are retained for this English entry.
- Bulgarian: доказателствен (dokazatelstven) — used in proving or testing
- Finnish: koe- — used in proving or testing
- Finnish: testi- — used in proving or testing
- Hebrew: ראיה (r"aya) — used in proving or testing
- Bulgarian: устойчив (ustojčiv) — firm or successful in resisting
- Bulgarian: неподдаващ (nepoddavašt) — firm or successful in resisting
- Finnish: kestävä — firm or successful in resisting
- Hungarian: -álló — firm or successful in resisting
- Hungarian: -biztos — firm or successful in resisting
- Irish: díonmhar — firm or successful in resisting
- Russian: -стойкий (-stojkij) — firm or successful in resisting
- Russian: -прочный (-pročnyj) — firm or successful in resisting
- Russian: -упорный (-upornyj) — firm or successful in resisting
- Scottish Gaelic: dìonach — firm or successful in resisting
- Bulgarian: пруф (pruf) — being of a certain standard as to strength
- Hungarian: előírásos fokú — being of a certain standard as to strength
- Arabic: سورة البينة — 98th sura of the Qur'an
- Albanian: provë — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Albanian: dëshmi — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Arabic: بُرْهَان (burhān) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Arabic: دَلِيل (dalīl) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Arabic: إِثْبَات (ʔiṯbāt) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Armenian: ապացույց (apacʻuycʻ) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Asturian: prueba — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Azerbaijani: sübut — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Azerbaijani: isbat — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Azerbaijani: dəlil — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Bashkir: дәлил (dəlil) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Belarusian: до́каз (dókaz) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Bulgarian: доказа́телство (dokazátelstvo) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Catalan: prova — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Chinese Mandarin: 證據 /证据 (zhèngjù) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Czech: důkaz — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Danish: bevis — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Dutch: bewijs — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Esperanto: pruvo — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Estonian: tõestus — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Estonian: tõend — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Finnish: koe — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Finnish: koestus — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- French: preuve — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Friulian: prove — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Galician: proba — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Georgian: მტკიცებულება (mṭḳicebuleba) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- German: Beweis — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃 (kustus) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Greek: απόδειξη (apódeixi) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Ancient Greek: ἀπόδειξις (apódeixis) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Hebrew: הוֹכָחָה (hokhakhá) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Hebrew: רְאָיָה (re'ayá) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Hindi: प्रमाण (pramāṇ) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Hindi: सबूत (sabūt) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Hungarian: bizonyítás — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Icelandic: sönnun — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Italian: prova — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Japanese: 証拠 (shōko) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Kazakh: дәлел (dälel) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Khmer: ភស្តុតាង (phŏəh taang) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Korean: 증거 (jeunggeo) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Northern Kurdish: delîl — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Northern Kurdish: îzbat — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Kyrgyz: далил (dalil) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Ladin: proa — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Latin: argūmentum — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Latvian: pierādījums — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Lithuanian: įrodymas — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Macedonian: доказ (dokaz) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Malay: bukti — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Māori: hāponotanga — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Marathi: पुरावा (purāvā) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Mongolian: баталгаа (batalgaa) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Norwegian Bokmål: bevis — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Occitan: pròva — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Old English: sēþung — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Pashto: اثبات (esbāt) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Pashto: ثبوت (sobut) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Persian: اثبات (esbât) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Persian: دَلیل (dalil) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Plautdietsch: Tieekjniss — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Plautdietsch: Bewiess — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Polish: dowód — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Portuguese: prova — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Romanian: probă — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Romanian: dovadă — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Romansh: cumprova — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Russian: доказа́тельство (dokazátelʹstvo) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Russian: пруф (pruf) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Sardinian: proa — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Sardinian: proba — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Sardinian: prova — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Scottish Gaelic: dearbhadh — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Serbo-Croatian: до̏ка̄з — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Serbo-Croatian: dȍkāz — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Sicilian: prova — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Slovak: dôkaz — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Slovene: dokaz — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Spanish: prueba — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Spanish: comprobación — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Spanish: constatación — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Spanish: ejecutoria — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Swedish: bevis — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Tagalog: patunay — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Tajik: исбот (isbot) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Tajik: далел (dalel) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Tatar: дәлил (dälil) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Thai: การพิสูจน์ (gaan-pí-sùut) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Turkish: ispat — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Turkish: delil — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Turkish: kanıt — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Ukrainian: до́каз (dókaz) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Ukrainian: до́від (dóvid) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Urdu: ثَبُوت (sabūt) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Uyghur: ئىسپات (ispat) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Uyghur: دەلىل (delil) — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Uzbek: isbot — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Uzbek: dalil — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Venetan: prova — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Vietnamese: bằng chứng — any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth
- Armenian: ապացույց (apacʻuycʻ) — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Esperanto: pruvo — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Finnish: todisteet — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Finnish: todistus — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- French: preuve — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Galician: proba — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Hindi: प्रमाण (pramāṇ) — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Hungarian: bizonyíték — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Central Kurdish: بەلگە (belge) — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Latin: indicium — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Portuguese: prova — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Scottish Gaelic: dearbhadh — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Spanish: prueba — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Tagalog: patunay — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Urdu: دَلِیل (dalīl) — the degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief
- Bulgarian: доказан (dokazan) — quality or state of having been proved or tried
- Galician: probado — quality or state of having been proved or tried
- Hindi: प्रमाणिकता (pramāṇiktā) — quality or state of having been proved or tried
- Hungarian: bizonyság — quality or state of having been proved or tried
- Māori: hāponotanga — quality or state of having been proved or tried
- Portuguese: provado — quality or state of having been proved or tried
- Hungarian: bizonyosság — firmness of mind
- Bulgarian: коректу́ра (korektúra) — a proof sheet
- Catalan: prova — a proof sheet
- Finnish: vedos — a proof sheet
- French: épreuve — a proof sheet
- Galician: proba — a proof sheet
- German: Korrekturabzug — a proof sheet
- German: Druckfahne — a proof sheet
- Hungarian: levonat — a proof sheet
- Hungarian: korrektúra — a proof sheet
- Hungarian: korrektúralevonat — a proof sheet
- Norwegian Bokmål: korrektur — a proof sheet
- Norwegian Nynorsk: korrektur — a proof sheet
- Portuguese: prova — a proof sheet
- Russian: корректу́ра (korrektúra) — a proof sheet
- Spanish: prueba — a proof sheet
- Bulgarian: про́ба (próba) — process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed
- Czech: důkaz — process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed
- Finnish: todistus — process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed
- French: preuve — process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed
- Galician: proba — process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed
- German: Beweis — process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed
- Hungarian: próba — process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed
- Portuguese: prova — process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed
- Afrikaans: proefmuntstuk — high-quality strike of a coin
- German: polierte Platte — high-quality strike of a coin
- Bulgarian: втасвам (vtasvam) — to allow yeast-containing dough to rise
- Danish: hæve — to allow yeast-containing dough to rise
- German: aufgehen lassen — to allow yeast-containing dough to rise
- Polish: garować — to allow yeast-containing dough to rise
Real reading context