Standard Lemma guide

punitive

adj · 2 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ˈpju.nɪ.tɪv/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: P Y UW1 N AH0 T IH0 V Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

Inflicting punishment; punishing.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: government, law, military, politics, war

Examples

  • Beijing imposed punitive sanctions on Canada.
  • The jury awarded $10,000 in punitive damages.
  • The council took punitive measures against poachers.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: castigatory, punitory

Antonyms: none provided

2

adjective

Meaning 2

inflicting punishment

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • punitive justice
  • punitive damages

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: punitory

Antonyms: rehabilitative

History

Etymology

From Middle French punitif, from Medieval Latin pūnitīvus, from pūniō (“to punish”).

Across languages

Translations

17 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Bulgarian: наказателен (nakazatelen) — punishing
  • Catalan: punitiu — punishing
  • Czech: trestný — punishing
  • Esperanto: puna — punishing
  • French: punitif — punishing
  • German: strafend — punishing
  • German: Straf- — punishing
  • Greek: ποινικός (poinikós) — punishing
  • Italian: punitivo — punishing
  • Polish: karny — punishing
  • Portuguese: punitivo — punishing
  • Romanian: punitiv — punishing
  • Russian: кара́тельный (karátelʹnyj) — punishing
  • Spanish: punitivo — punishing
  • Swedish: straff- — punishing
  • Ukrainian: кара́льний (karálʹnyj) — punishing
  • Welsh: cosbol — punishing
Real reading context

punitive in complete knowledge articles