Standard Lemma guide

putrefaction

noun · 6 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

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  • /ˌpjuːtɹəˈfækʃən/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.

1

noun

Meaning 1

The act of causing to rot; the anaerobic splitting of proteins by bacteria and fungi with the formation of malodorous, incompletely oxidized products.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

Rotten material.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

The state of being rotten.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

moral perversion; impairment of virtue and moral principles

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the luxury and corruption among the upper classes
  • moral degeneracy followed intellectual degeneration
  • its brothels, its opium parlors, its depravity
  • Rome had fallen into moral putrefaction

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: corruption, degeneracy, depravation, depravity

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: immorality

5

noun

Meaning 5

(biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: decomposition, rot, rotting

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: decay

6

noun

Meaning 6

a state of decay usually accompanied by an offensive odor

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: rot

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: decay

Narrower terms: putrescence, putridness, rottenness, corruption

History

Etymology

First attested between 1350 and 1400 from Middle English putrefaccioun, from Old French putrefaccïon, from Latin putrefactiō, from putrefactus, perfect passive participle of putrefaciō (“become rotten”)

Across languages

Translations

52 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Belarusian: гніе́нне (hnijénnje) — the act of causing to rot
  • Bulgarian: гниене (gniene) — the act of causing to rot
  • Chinese Mandarin: 腐敗 /腐败 (fǔbài) — the act of causing to rot
  • Dutch: verrotting — the act of causing to rot
  • Finnish: mädätys — the act of causing to rot
  • Finnish: mädättäminen — the act of causing to rot
  • Finnish: mädännyttäminen — the act of causing to rot
  • French: putréfaction — the act of causing to rot
  • Galician: putrefacción — the act of causing to rot
  • German: Fäulnis — the act of causing to rot
  • German: Verwesung — the act of causing to rot
  • German: Verrottung — the act of causing to rot
  • German: Zersetzung — the act of causing to rot
  • German: Putrefaktion — the act of causing to rot
  • German: Putreszenz — the act of causing to rot
  • German: Verjauchung — the act of causing to rot
  • Greek: σήψη (sípsi) — the act of causing to rot
  • Greek: αποσύνθεση (aposýnthesi) — the act of causing to rot
  • Greek: σάπισμα (sápisma) — the act of causing to rot
  • Ancient Greek: σῆψις (sêpsis) — the act of causing to rot
  • Ido: putro — the act of causing to rot
  • Low German: Fuulnis — the act of causing to rot
  • Polish: gnicie — the act of causing to rot
  • Portuguese: putrefação — the act of causing to rot
  • Romanian: putrefacție — the act of causing to rot
  • Romanian: putreziciune — the act of causing to rot
  • Russian: гние́ние (gnijénije) — the act of causing to rot
  • Spanish: putrefacción — the act of causing to rot
  • Spanish: podre — the act of causing to rot
  • Spanish: podredumbre — the act of causing to rot
  • Spanish: pudrimiento — the act of causing to rot
  • Spanish: podrimiento — the act of causing to rot
  • Spanish: podredura — the act of causing to rot
  • Spanish: pudrición — the act of causing to rot
  • Swedish: förruttnelse — the act of causing to rot
  • Tagalog: kabulukan — the act of causing to rot
  • Ukrainian: гниття́ (hnyttjá) — the act of causing to rot
  • Bulgarian: гнилоч (gniloč) — rotted material
  • Finnish: mätä — rotted material
  • Galician: podremia — rotted material
  • Galician: podrén — rotted material
  • Galician: podredume — rotted material
  • Latin: tābēs — rotted material
  • Polish: zgnilizna — rotted material
  • Russian: гниль (gnilʹ) — rotted material
  • Russian: гнильё (gnilʹjó) — rotted material
  • Ukrainian: гниль (hnylʹ) — rotted material
  • Bulgarian: гнилост (gnilost) — the state of being rotted
  • Finnish: mädäntyminen — the state of being rotted
  • Finnish: mätäneminen — the state of being rotted
  • Māori: whakaeronga — the state of being rotted
  • Russian: гние́ние (gnijénije) — the state of being rotted