race

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• rās
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• General-American, Received-Pronunciation: /ɹeɪs/
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• General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -eɪs
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• CMU ARPABET: R EY1 S Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h1reh1s-der. Proto-Germanic *rēsōder. Proto-West Germanic *rās Old English rǣs ▲ Proto-Germanic *rēsō Old Norse rásbor. Middle English race English race From Middle English race, partially from Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), from Proto-West Germanic *rās; and partially from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”); both from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *h1reh1s- (“to flow, rush”). Cognate with Middle Low German râs ("a strong current"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”), Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås.

1560s, via Middle French race from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin. Partially displaced native Middle English kinde (“kind, type, sort, race, nature”), whence English kind. Fully displaced native Old English cnōsl. theories * Diez and some other scholars suggest derivation from Proto-Germanic *raitō (whence Old High German reiza (“line”) and Old Norse ríta (“to score, log, outline”)), perhaps via Lombardic *raiza (“line”), which Körting notes is a literal rendering of Latin linea sanguinis (“bloodline of descent”). Anatoly Liberman says "the semantic fit is good" but the chronology falters; he says the Germanic word went out of use before the Italian word arose, and he says the intermediary is not attested. * Some scholars suggest derivation from Old Spanish raza, rasa, from earlier ras, res (“head of cattle”), from Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”), but Italian razza predates the Spanish word according to Diez and Meyer-Lübke. * Meyer-Lübke suggested Latin generatio as the root; Körting says "the disappearance of two initial syllables hardly seems credible", but Meyer-Lübke notes the Venetian form narazza and the Old Bellunesian form naraccia, positing that after the first syllable ge- was lost, the remaining (una) narazza came to be reanalysed as una razza. * Gianfranco Contini suggests the Italian word comes from Old French haraz (“troop of horses”), whence Modern French haras (“breeding farm for horses; stud farm”), from Old Norse hárr (“grey-haired; hoary”). Liberman considers this derivation the most likely. * Other suggested Latin etyma: ** radius (perhaps via Vulgar Latin *radia) (per Baist). ** radix (“root”) (per Ulrich); Liberman says "the semantic match is excellent", and race (“rhizome of ginger”) (which definitely derives from radix) shows that the phonology is plausible. ** *raptiare (“breed falcons”) (per Körting). ** The nominative of ratio (perhaps via an unattested intermediate form *razzo), as opposed to ragione which derives from the accusative rationem. * Other implausible suggestions include Slavic raz and Basque arraca, supposedly meaning "stud animal" (Basque arrazza, "race", derives from Spanish).

Mid 16th century. From Middle French raïz, raiz, rais (“root”), from Latin radix (“root”), from Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh2ds.

A variant of raze. From Middle English rasen, racen, rase (“to scrape; to shave; to erase; to rend; to cleave; etc”), from Anglo-Norman raser, rasere, rasser, Middle French raser, and Old French raser (“to shave; to demolish”), from Vulgar Latin *raso (“to shave; to scrape”), from Latin rāsus (“scraped; shaved”), the perfect passive participle of rādō (“to scrape, scratch”). Doublet of rash (etymology 2 and etymology 7).

PIE word *wréh2ds From Middle English racen, rasen (“to come apart; to pick clean, strip; to pull away, snatch; to pull down, knock down; to pull off, strip off; to pluck or tear out; to tear apart”), either: * an aphetic form of arasen, aracen (“to pluck, pull, or tear away or out”), from Anglo-Norman aracer and Old French aracier, esracier, esrachier (“to pull off”) (modern French arracher), from Latin ērādīcāre, the present active infinitive of ērādīcō (“to root out; to annihilate, extirpate”), from ē- (variant of ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + rādīx (“root”) (from Proto-Indo-European *wréh2ds (“root”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation infinitives of verbs); or * from Anglo-Norman racer, an aphetic form of aracer (see above).

408 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Afrikaans: wedren — contest
• Afrikaans: wedloop — contest
• Afrikaans: reisies — contest
• Afrikaans: resies — contest
• Albanian: garë — contest
• Arabic: سِبَاق (sibāq) — contest
• Arabic: مُسَابَقَة (musābaqa) — contest
• Arabic: سِباق (sibāg) — contest
• Armenian: մրցավազք (mrcʻavazkʻ) — contest
• Asturian: carrera — contest
• Azerbaijani: yarış — contest
• Azerbaijani: müsabiqə — contest
• Azerbaijani: ötüşmə — contest
• Bashkir: ярыш (yarış) — contest
• Basque: arineketa — contest
• Basque: lasterketa — contest
• Belarusian: го́нка (hónka) — contest
• Bulgarian: надбя́гване (nadbjágvane) — contest
• Catalan: cursa — contest
• Chinese Mandarin: 比賽 /比赛 (bǐsài) — contest
• Chinese Mandarin: 競賽 /竞赛 (jìngsài) — contest
• Czech: závod — contest
• Czech: soutěž — contest
• Danish: løb — contest
• Dutch: wedloop — contest
• Dutch: race — contest
• Esperanto: vetkuro — contest
• Estonian: võistlus — contest
• Finnish: kilpailu — contest
• Finnish: kilpa — contest
• Finnish: kisa — contest
• French: course — contest
• Galician: carreira — contest
• Georgian: რბოლა (rbola) — contest
• German: Rennen — contest
• German: Wettrennen — contest
• Greek: αγώνας (agónas) — contest
• Ancient Greek: δρόμος (drómos) — contest
• Hausa: gudùù — contest
• Hebrew: מֵרוֹץ (merots) — contest
• Hindi: दौड़ (dauṛ) — contest
• Hungarian: verseny — contest
• Irish: rás — contest
• Italian: corsa — contest
• Italian: gara — contest
• Japanese: 競走 (kyōsō) — contest
• Japanese: レース (rēsu) — contest
• Kazakh: жарыс (jarys) — contest
• Kazakh: бәйге (bäige) — contest
• Khmer: ប្រណាំង (prɑɑnang) — contest
• Khmer: ការរត់ប្រណាំង (kaa rŭət prɑɑnang) — contest
• Korean: 경주 (gyeongju) — contest
• Kyrgyz: жарыш (jarış) — contest
• Latin: cursus — contest
• Latin: curriculum — contest
• Latvian: sacīkstes — contest
• Lithuanian: lenktynės — contest
• Macedonian: трка (trka) — contest
• Malay: perlumbaan — contest
• Māori: purei hoiho — contest
• Māori: tauwhāinga — contest
• Mongolian: уралдаан (uraldaan) — contest
• Nahuatl: mimalacatl — contest
• Norwegian Bokmål: løp — contest
• Norwegian Nynorsk: kapplaup — contest
• Pashto: مسابقه (mosābeqa) — contest
• Persian: مسابقه (mosâbeqe) — contest
• Polish: wyścig — contest
• Polish: gonitwa — contest
• Portuguese: corrida — contest
• Romanian: cursă (sportivă) — contest
• Russian: го́нка (gónka) — contest
• Russian: го́нки (gónki) — contest
• Scottish Gaelic: rèis — contest
• Serbo-Croatian: тр̏ка — contest
• Serbo-Croatian: гонка — contest
• Serbo-Croatian: tȑka — contest
• Serbo-Croatian: gonka — contest
• Slovak: preteky — contest
• Slovak: súťaž — contest
• Slovene: dirka — contest
• Spanish: carrera — contest
• Swahili: resi — contest
• Swedish: kapplöpning — contest
• Swedish: lopp — contest
• Tagalog: karera — contest
• Tajik: мусобиқа (musobiqa) — contest
• Taos: kwìawíne — contest
• Tatar: ярыш (yarış) — contest
• Thai: การแข่งขัน (gaan-kɛ̀ng-kǎn) — contest
• Tibetan: འགྲན་སྡུར ('gran sdur) — contest
• Tok Pisin: resis — contest
• Turkish: yarış — contest
• Turkish: müsabaka — contest
• Ottoman Turkish: قوشی (koşu) — contest
• Turkmen: ýaryş — contest
• Ukrainian: го́нка (hónka) — contest
• Ukrainian: перего́ни (perehóny) — contest
• Ukrainian: забі́г (zabíh) — contest
• Uyghur: مۇسابىقە (musabiqe) — contest
• Uzbek: poyga — contest
• Uzbek: musobaqa — contest
• Vietnamese: cuộc đua — contest
• Welsh: ras — contest
• Xhosa: uhlanga — contest
• French: course — sequence of events
• Greek: αγώνας (agónas) — sequence of events
• Hebrew: מֵרוֹץ (merots) — sequence of events
• Hungarian: verseny — sequence of events
• Irish: rás — sequence of events
• Japanese: 進行 (shinkō) — sequence of events
• Tagalog: karerahan — sequence of events
• Welsh: ras — sequence of events
• Bulgarian: бъ́рзей (bǎ́rzej) — fast moving current of water
• Finnish: voimakas virta — fast moving current of water
• Finnish: koski — fast moving current of water
• Greek: ρεύμα (révma) — fast moving current of water
• Hungarian: zuhatag — fast moving current of water
• Hungarian: zúgó — fast moving current of water
• Irish: caise — fast moving current of water
• Irish: sruth — fast moving current of water
• Norman: raz — fast moving current of water
• Romanian: curent de apă — fast moving current of water
• Welsh: llif — fast moving current of water
• Welsh: cerrynt — fast moving current of water
• Bulgarian: у́лей (úlej) — a channel for water
• Finnish: kanava — a channel for water
• Finnish: uoma — a channel for water
• Hungarian: csatorna — a channel for water
• Catalan: raça — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Danish: race — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Dutch: ras — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Dutch: afkomst — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Finnish: rotu — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Galician: raza — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Greek: φυλή (fylí) — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Hawaiian: lāhui — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Hungarian: rassz — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Indonesian: ras — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Italian: razza — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Macedonian: раса (rasa) — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Polish: rasa — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Portuguese: raça — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Slovene: rasa — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Swedish: ras — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Welsh: hil — a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics
• Albanian: racë — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Arabic: عِرْق (ʕirq) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Armenian: ազգ (azg) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Armenian: ցեղ (cʻeġ) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Asturian: raza — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Azerbaijani: irq — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Basque: arraza — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Belarusian: ра́са (rása) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Bulgarian: род (rod) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Bulgarian: ра́са (rása) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Burmese: လူမျိုး (lu-myui:) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Burmese: ဝံသ (wamsa.) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Carpathian Rusyn: ра́са (rása) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Catalan: raça — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Chinese Mandarin: 種 /种 — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Chinese Mandarin: 種族 /种族 (zhǒngzú) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Czech: rasa — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Danish: race — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Dutch: ras — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Dutch: afkomst — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Esperanto: raso — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Estonian: rass — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Finnish: rotu — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• French: race — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Friulian: raze — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Galician: raza — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Georgian: რასა (rasa) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• German: Rasse — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• German: Geschlecht — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Gothic: 𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃 (knōþs) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Greek: φυλή (fylí) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hawaiian: lāhui — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hebrew: גֶּזַע (géza') — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hebrew: זֶרַע (zéra') — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hindi: वंश (vañś) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hindi: जाति (jāti) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hindi: नस्ल (nasla) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hindi: ज़ात (zāt) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hindi: बिरादरी (birādrī) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hindi: जिनस (jinas) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hindi: जिंस (jins) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hindi: कुल (kul) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hindi: बंस (bans) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Hungarian: faj — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Iban: bansa — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Indonesian: ras — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Irish: cine — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Italian: razza — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Japanese: 人種 (jinshu) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Japanese: 種族 (shuzoku) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Kazakh: нәсіл (näsıl) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Khmer: ជាតិ (ciət) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Khmer: វង្ស (vŭəng) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Korean: 인종 (injong) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Korean: 종족 (jongjok) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Central Kurdish: ڕەگەز (regez) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Kyrgyz: раса (rasa) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Lao: ເຊື້ອຊາດ (sư̄a sāt) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Lao: ຊາດ (sāt) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Latin: genus — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Latin: gens — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Latvian: rase — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Lithuanian: rasė — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Low German: Raaß — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Low German: Rooß — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Macedonian: раса (rasa) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Malay: bangsa — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Malay: ras — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Mongolian: арьстан (arʹstan) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Norwegian Bokmål: rase — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Norwegian Nynorsk: rase — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Old English: cynn — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Old English: cnōsl — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Pashto: نژاد (nežãd) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Persian: نژاد (nežâd) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Polish: rasa — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Portuguese: raça — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Portuguese: linhagem — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Réunion Creole French: ras — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Romanian: rasă — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Romanian: neam — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Russian: ра́са (rása) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Sanskrit: वंश (vaṃśa) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Serbo-Croatian: ра̏са — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Serbo-Croatian: rȁsa — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Sinhalese: ජනවර්ග (janawarga) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Slovak: rasa — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Slovene: rasa — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Spanish: raza — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Swedish: ras — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Tagalog: lahi — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Tajik: нажод (nažod) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Thai: เชื้อชาติ (chʉ́ʉa-châat) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Thai: ชาติ (châat) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Tok Pisin: lain — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Turkish: ırk — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Ottoman Turkish: صوی (soy) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Ottoman Turkish: نسل (nesl) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Ukrainian: ра́са (rása) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Urdu: نسل (nasla) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Uyghur: ئىرق (irq) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Uzbek: irq — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Vietnamese: chủng tộc — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Welsh: hil — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage
• Arabic: عِرْق (ʕirq) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Armenian: ռասա (ṙasa) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Belarusian: ра́са (rása) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Bulgarian: ра́са (rása) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Burmese: လူမျိုး (lu-myui:) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Catalan: raça — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Chinese Mandarin: 種族 /种族 (zhǒngzú) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Danish: race — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Dutch: ras — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Finnish: rotu — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• French: race — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Galician: raza — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Gothic: 𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃 (knōþs) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Greek: φυλή (fylí) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Ancient Greek: γένος (génos) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Hawaiian: lāhui — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Hungarian: rassz — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Hungarian: fajta — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Icelandic: kynþáttur — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Irish: cine — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Italian: razza — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Japanese: 人種 (jinshu) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Korean: 인종 (injong) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Central Kurdish: ڕەگەز (regez) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Macedonian: раса (rasa) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Mongolian: арьстан (arʹstan) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Norwegian Bokmål: rase — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Norwegian Nynorsk: rase — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Persian: نژاد (nežâd) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Polish: rasa — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Portuguese: raça — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Romanian: rasă — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Russian: ра́са (rása) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Slovene: rasa — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Swedish: ras — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Tok Pisin: lain — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Ottoman Turkish: صوی (soy) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Ottoman Turkish: نسل (nesl) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Ukrainian: ра́са (rása) — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Welsh: hil — a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics
• Catalan: raça — a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics
• Dutch: soort — a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics
• Greek: γενεά (geneá) — a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics
• Greek: γενιά (geniá) — a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics
• Hungarian: fajta — a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics
• Hungarian: típus — a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics
• Hungarian: csoport — a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics
• Hungarian: kategória — a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics
• Mongolian: үүлдэр (üülder) — a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics
• Portuguese: categoria — a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics
• Russian: порода (poroda) — a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics
• Tatar: токым (toqım) — a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics
• Catalan: raça — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Danish: race — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Finnish: rotu — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• German: Rasse — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹 (kuni) — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Greek: φυλή (fylí) — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Ancient Greek: γένος (génos) — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Hawaiian: lāhui — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Hungarian: rassz — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Low German: Raaß — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Low German: Rooß — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Macedonian: раса (rasa) — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Polish: rasa — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Portuguese: subespécie — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Swedish: ras — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Tok Pisin: resis — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Welsh: hil — a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics
• Bulgarian: поро́да (poróda) — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Catalan: raça — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Danish: race — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Dutch: ras — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Finnish: rotu — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• French: race — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Galician: raza — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• German: Rasse — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Greek: ράτσα (rátsa) — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Hungarian: fajta — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Japanese: 品種 (hinshu) — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Latvian: suga — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Lithuanian: veislė — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Low German: Raaß — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Low German: Rooß — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Macedonian: раса (rasa) — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Malay: baka — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Polish: rasa — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Portuguese: raça — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Russian: порода (poroda) — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Tatar: токым (toqım) — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Vietnamese: nòi — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Welsh: brid — a breed or strain of domesticated animal
• Catalan: arrel — rhizome
• Greek: ρίζα (ríza) — rhizome
• Japanese: 地下茎 (chikakei) — rhizome
• Spanish: raíz — rhizome
• Welsh: gwreiddyn — rhizome
• Arabic: سَابَقَ (sābaqa) — to take part in a race
• Arabic: سَابَق (sābag) — to take part in a race
• Azerbaijani: ötüşmək — to take part in a race
• Breton: kemer perzh en ur redadeg — to take part in a race
• Finnish: kilpailla — to take part in a race
• Finnish: kisailla — to take part in a race
• Hungarian: versenyez — to take part in a race
• Indonesian: lomba — to take part in a race
• Indonesian: berpacu — to take part in a race
• Interlingua: currer — to take part in a race
• Italian: correre — to take part in a race
• Japanese: 競う (kisō) — to take part in a race
• Japanese: 競争する (kyōsō suru) — to take part in a race
• Macedonian: се трка (se trka) — to take part in a race
• Mongolian: уралдах (uraldax) — to take part in a race
• Polish: ścigać się — to take part in a race
• Polish: biegać — to take part in a race
• Portuguese: correr — to take part in a race
• Slovene: dirkati — to take part in a race
• Spanish: correr — to take part in a race
• Spanish: rolear — to take part in a race
• Swahili: mbio — to take part in a race
• Turkish: yarışmak — to take part in a race
• Welsh: rasio — to take part in a race
• Bulgarian: движа се бързо (dviža se bǎrzo) — to move or drive at high speed
• Chinese: phe (phe) — to move or drive at high speed
• Chinese Mandarin: 飛馳 /飞驰 (fēichí) — to move or drive at high speed
• Chinese Mandarin: 疾馳 /疾驰 (jíchí) — to move or drive at high speed
• Czech: pádit — to move or drive at high speed
• Dutch: razen — to move or drive at high speed
• Esperanto: kuregi — to move or drive at high speed
• Esperanto: vetkuri — to move or drive at high speed
• Finnish: kiitää — to move or drive at high speed
• Finnish: porhaltaa — to move or drive at high speed
• Finnish: rynnätä — to move or drive at high speed
• Finnish: syöksyä — to move or drive at high speed
• French: s'élancer — to move or drive at high speed
• German: rasen — to move or drive at high speed
• Hungarian: száguld — to move or drive at high speed
• Indonesian: berpacu — to move or drive at high speed
• Indonesian: melaju — to move or drive at high speed
• Interlingua: currer — to move or drive at high speed
• Italian: correre — to move or drive at high speed
• Japanese: 突進する (tosshin suru) — to move or drive at high speed
• Macedonian: се трка (se trka) — to move or drive at high speed
• Polish: pędzić — to move or drive at high speed
• Polish: biec — to move or drive at high speed
• Portuguese: correr — to move or drive at high speed
• Russian: мча́ться (mčátʹsja) — to move or drive at high speed
• Russian: нести́сь (nestísʹ) — to move or drive at high speed
• Slovene: dirjati — to move or drive at high speed
• Slovene: dirkati — to move or drive at high speed
• Spanish: acelerarse — to move or drive at high speed
• Spanish: embalarse — to move or drive at high speed
• Spanish: carrerear — to move or drive at high speed
• Spanish: carrucar — to move or drive at high speed
• Spanish: carredear — to move or drive at high speed
• Swahili: mbio — to move or drive at high speed
• Welsh: rasio — to move or drive at high speed
• Welsh: gwibio — to move or drive at high speed
• Swahili: mbio — of a motor, to run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission