Standard Lemma guide

refer

noun · verb · 19 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˈɹiːfə/
  • Canada, General-American: /ˈɹifɚ/
  • Australian, New-Zealand: /ˈɹiːfə/
  • Queensland Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • homophone: reefer
  • rhymes with -iːfə(ɹ)
  • Australian, Received-Pronunciation: /ɹɪˈfɜː/
  • Canada, General-American: rī-fûr
  • Canada, General-American: /ɹɪˈfɝ/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • Scotland: /ɹɪˈfɛr/
  • New-Zealand: /ɹəˈføː/
  • /ɹɪˈfeː/ Liverpool, fair–fur merger
  • /ɹɪˈfɛː/ Humberside, Teesside, fair–fur merger
  • /ɹɪˈfɜː(ɹ)/ Lancashire, fair–fur merger
  • rhymes with -ɜː(ɹ)
  • CMU ARPABET: R AH0 F ER1 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  • CMU ARPABET 2: R IH0 F ER1 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

A blurb on the front page of a newspaper issue or section that refers the reader to the full story inside the issue or section by listing its slug or headline and its page number.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: journalism, media

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

verb

Meaning 2

To direct the attention of (someone toward something).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Examples

  • The shop assistant referred me to the help desk on ground floor.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

verb

Meaning 3

To submit to (another person or group) for consideration; to send or direct elsewhere.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Examples

  • He referred the matter to the principal.
  • The doctor may refer patients to a psychiatrist.
  • I'll refer the objections back to management for reconsideration.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: send

Antonyms: none provided

4

verb

Meaning 4

To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Examples

  • He referred the phenomena to electrical disturbances.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

verb

Meaning 5

To mention (something); to direct attention (to something).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

Examples

  • To explain the problem, the teacher referred to an example in another textbook.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

verb

Meaning 6

To make reference to; to be about; to relate to; to regard; to allude to.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive, stative

Examples

  • The recipe referred to several unusual ingredients.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

verb

Meaning 7

To be referential to another element in a sentence.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

verb

Meaning 8

To point to either a specific location in computer memory or to a specific object.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

Topics: computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, programming, sciences

Examples

  • In C, the pointer obtained by &a refers to the variable a.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

verb

Meaning 9

To require to resit an examination.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Topics: education

Examples

  • Smith's marks in the finals were unsatisfactory and he was referred.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

10

verb

Meaning 10

To have the meaning of, to denote.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

Examples

  • The nickname "Big Apple" refers to the city of New York.
  • In programming, a "memory leak" refers to a situation where memory is or stays unnecessarily allocated.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

11

verb

Meaning 11

To cause (pain) to be felt elsewhere.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Topics: medicine, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

12

verb

Meaning 12

To apparently relocate; to be felt in another place than where it is actually caused.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: medicine, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

13

verb

Meaning 13

think of, regard, or classify under a subsuming principle or with a general group or in relation to another

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • This plant can be referred to a known species

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: classify, class, sort, assort, sort out, separate

14

verb

Meaning 14

seek information from

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • You should consult the dictionary
  • refer to your notes

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: consult, look up

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: research

15

verb

Meaning 15

have as a meaning

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • `multi-' denotes `many'

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: denote

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: mean, intend, signify, stand for

Narrower terms: twist, twist around, pervert, convolute, sophisticate, euphemize, euphemise, hark back, return, come back, recall, name, identify, apply, slur, express, state

16

verb

Meaning 16

make reference to

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • His name was mentioned in connection with the invention

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: mention, advert, bring up, cite, name

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: think of, have in mind, mean

Narrower terms: commend, remember, speak of the devil, quote, cite, touch on, invoke, appeal, namedrop, raise, bring up, drag up, dredge up, cross-refer

17

verb

Meaning 17

use a name to designate

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • Christians refer to the mother of Jesus as the Virgin Mary

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: name, call

18

verb

Meaning 18

send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • refer a patient to a specialist
  • refer a bill to a committee

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: send, direct

Narrower terms: submit, subject, recommit

19

verb

Meaning 19

be relevant to

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • There were lots of questions referring to her talk
  • My remark pertained to your earlier comments

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: pertain, relate, concern, come to, bear on, touch, touch on, have-to doe with

Antonyms: none provided

Narrower terms: focus on, center on, revolve around, revolve about, concentrate on, center, apply, hold, go for, involve, affect, regard, matter to, interest

History

Etymology

From Middle English referren, from Old French referer, from Latin referre. The noun (used in journalism) is from the verb. Doublet of relate. See also infer, collate and confer, delate and defer, as well as prelate and prefer among others.

Across languages

Translations

73 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: أَشَارَ (ʔašāra) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Arabic: كَيْشِيرْ (kayšir) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Arabic: كَيْنْعَّتْ (kaynʕāt) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Bulgarian: отпращам (otpraštam) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Bulgarian: обръщам се (obrǎštam se) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Catalan: referir — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Chinese Mandarin: 談到 /谈到 (tándào) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Czech: odkázat — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Danish: henvise — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Dutch: verwijzen — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Dutch: doorverwijzen — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Esperanto: plusendi — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Finnish: ohjata — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Finnish: neuvoa — to direct to a source for help or information
  • French: référer — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Galician: referir — to direct to a source for help or information
  • German: verweisen — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Greek: παραπέμπω (parapémpo) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Italian: riferire — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Japanese: 問い合わせる (toiawaseru) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Korean: 언급하다 (eon'geuphada) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Persian: ارجاعیدن — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Polish: skierować — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Portuguese: encaminhar — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Russian: ссыла́ться (ssylátʹsja) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Russian: сосла́ться (soslátʹsja) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Russian: относи́ть (otnosítʹ) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Russian: отнести́ (otnestí) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Spanish: referir — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Spanish: remitir — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Swedish: hänvisa — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Swedish: referera — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Swedish: åsyfta — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Ukrainian: посила́тися (posylátysja) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Ukrainian: посла́тися (poslátysja) — to direct to a source for help or information
  • Dutch: verwijzen — to submit to an authority figure for consideration
  • Finnish: ohjata — to submit to an authority figure for consideration
  • Finnish: neuvoa — to submit to an authority figure for consideration
  • Greek: παραπέμπω (parapémpo) — to submit to an authority figure for consideration
  • Italian: fare capo — to submit to an authority figure for consideration
  • Māori: pare — to submit to an authority figure for consideration
  • Middle English: deferren — to submit to an authority figure for consideration
  • Polish: skierować — to submit to an authority figure for consideration
  • Polish: odesłać — to submit to an authority figure for consideration
  • Portuguese: encaminhar — to submit to an authority figure for consideration
  • Portuguese: remeter — to submit to an authority figure for consideration
  • Swedish: hänvisa — to submit to an authority figure for consideration
  • Bulgarian: позовавам се (pozovavam se) — to direct the attention of
  • Dutch: verwijzen — to direct the attention of
  • Finnish: ohjata — to direct the attention of
  • Greek: αναφέρω (anaféro) — to direct the attention of
  • Indonesian: mengarahkan — to direct the attention of
  • Swedish: hänvisa — to direct the attention of
  • Turkish: zikretmek — to direct the attention of
  • Ottoman Turkish: ذكر ایتمك (zikr etmek) — to direct the attention of
  • Bulgarian: приписвам (pripisvam) — to allude to
  • Danish: henvise — to allude to
  • Danish: referere — to allude to
  • Dutch: verwijzen — to allude to
  • Esperanto: rilati — to allude to
  • Finnish: viitata — to allude to
  • French: renvoyer (à) — to allude to
  • German: sich auf etwas beziehen — to allude to
  • Ancient Greek: ἀποδίδωμι (apodídōmi) — to allude to
  • Hungarian: hivatkozik — to allude to
  • Hungarian: vonatkozik — to allude to
  • Irish: tagair do — to allude to
  • Polish: odnosić się — to allude to
  • Portuguese: referir — to allude to
  • Portuguese: mencionar — to allude to
  • Spanish: referirse a — to allude to
  • Spanish: estar relacionado con — to allude to
  • Swedish: syfta — to allude to
Real reading context

refer in complete knowledge articles