Standard Lemma guide

referendum

noun · 3 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ˌɹɛfəˈɹɛndəm/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: R EH2 F ER0 EH1 N D AH0 M Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: government, politics

Examples

  • a referendum on ...

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: plebiscite

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

An action, choice, etc., which is perceived as passing judgment on another matter.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • My father is taking my decision on whether to go to university as a referendum on his performance as a parent, and it's very stressful.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: vote

History

Etymology

From Latin referendum (“that which ought to be announced”), from refero (“to announce”).

Across languages

Translations

109 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Albanian: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Arabic: اِسْتِفْتاء (istiftāʔ) — direct popular vote
  • Arabic: اِسْتِفْتاء (istiftāʔ) — direct popular vote
  • Armenian: ռեֆերենդում (ṙeferendum) — direct popular vote
  • Armenian: հանրաքվե (hanrakʻve) — direct popular vote
  • Azerbaijani: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Azerbaijani: ümumxalq sorğu — direct popular vote
  • Azerbaijani: ümumi rəy sorğusu — direct popular vote
  • Belarusian: рэферэ́ндум (refjeréndum) — direct popular vote
  • Bulgarian: рефере́ндум (referéndum) — direct popular vote
  • Burmese: ဆန္ဒခံယူခြင်း (hcanda.hkam-yuhkrang:) — direct popular vote
  • Burmese: ဆန္ဒခံယူပွဲ (hcanda.hkam-yu-pwai:) — direct popular vote
  • Catalan: referèndum — direct popular vote
  • Chinese Mandarin: 公民投票 (gōngmín tóupiào) — direct popular vote
  • Chinese Mandarin: 公投 (gōngtóu) — direct popular vote
  • Cornish: gwerinvotyans — direct popular vote
  • Crimean Tatar: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Czech: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Danish: folkeafstemning — direct popular vote
  • Dutch: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Dutch: volksraadpleging — direct popular vote
  • Esperanto: referendumo — direct popular vote
  • Estonian: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Estonian: rahvahääletus — direct popular vote
  • Estonian: rahvaküsitlus — direct popular vote
  • Faroese: fólkaatkvøða — direct popular vote
  • Finnish: kansanäänestys — direct popular vote
  • French: référendum — direct popular vote
  • Galician: referendo — direct popular vote
  • Georgian: რეფერენდუმი (reperendumi) — direct popular vote
  • German: Referendum — direct popular vote
  • German: Volksabstimmung — direct popular vote
  • Greek: δημοψήφισμα (dimopsífisma) — direct popular vote
  • Hebrew: מִשְׁאַל עַם (mish'ál 'ám) — direct popular vote
  • Hindi: जनमत-संग्रह (janmat-saṅgrah) — direct popular vote
  • Hindi: मत-संग्रह (mat-saṅgrah) — direct popular vote
  • Hindi: रेफ़रेंडम (refreṇḍam) — direct popular vote
  • Hindi: रायशुमारी (rāyśumārī) — direct popular vote
  • Hungarian: szavazás — direct popular vote
  • Hungarian: népszavazás — direct popular vote
  • Hungarian: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Icelandic: þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla — direct popular vote
  • Icelandic: þjóðaratkvæði — direct popular vote
  • Indonesian: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Irish: reifreann — direct popular vote
  • Italian: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Japanese: 住民投票 (jūmin tōhyō) — direct popular vote
  • Japanese: 国民投票 (kokumin tōhyō) — direct popular vote
  • Kazakh: референдум (referendum) — direct popular vote
  • Khmer: ប្រជាមតិ (prɑɑciə mĕəʼteʼ) — direct popular vote
  • Korean: 국민투표 (gungmintupyo) — direct popular vote
  • Northern Kurdish: referandûm — direct popular vote
  • Kyrgyz: референдум (referendum) — direct popular vote
  • Lao: ປະຊາມະຕິ (pa sā ma ti) — direct popular vote
  • Latvian: referendums — direct popular vote
  • Lithuanian: referendumas — direct popular vote
  • Macedonian: рефере́ндум (referéndum) — direct popular vote
  • Malay: pungutan suara — direct popular vote
  • Malay: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Māori: tāpaetanga pōti — direct popular vote
  • Māori: pōtitake — direct popular vote
  • Mongolian: бүх нийтийн санал хураалт (büx niitiin sanal xuraalt) — direct popular vote
  • Mongolian: референдум (referendum) — direct popular vote
  • Norwegian Bokmål: folkeavstemning — direct popular vote
  • Norwegian Bokmål: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Norwegian Bokmål: uravstemning — direct popular vote
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: folkerøysting — direct popular vote
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Pashto: ټولپوښتنه (ṭolpuẍtǝna) — direct popular vote
  • Pashto: رفرنډم (referanḍum) — direct popular vote
  • Pashto: رېفرانډم (refrānḍam) — direct popular vote
  • Iranian Persian: هَمِهپُرْسی (hame-porsi) — direct popular vote
  • Iranian Persian: رِفْرانْدوم (refrândom) — direct popular vote
  • Polish: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Portuguese: referendo — direct popular vote
  • Portuguese: plebiscito — direct popular vote
  • Romanian: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Russian: рефере́ндум (referéndum) — direct popular vote
  • Northern Sami: álbmotjienasteapmi — direct popular vote
  • Scottish Gaelic: reifreann — direct popular vote
  • Serbo-Croatian: реферѐндум — direct popular vote
  • Serbo-Croatian: referèndum — direct popular vote
  • Slovak: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Slovene: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Spanish: referéndum — direct popular vote
  • Spanish: referendo — direct popular vote
  • Spanish: plebiscito — direct popular vote
  • Swedish: folkomröstning — direct popular vote
  • Tagalog: pagtutukoy — direct popular vote
  • Tagalog: reperendum — direct popular vote
  • Tajik: раъйпурсӣ (ra'ypursi) — direct popular vote
  • Tajik: референдум (referendum) — direct popular vote
  • Thai: ประชามติ (bprà-chaa-má-dtì) — direct popular vote
  • Turkish: referandum — direct popular vote
  • Turkish: halk oylaması — direct popular vote
  • Turkmen: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Ukrainian: рефере́ндум (referéndum) — direct popular vote
  • Urdu: رِیفْرینْڈَم (rīfrenḍam) — direct popular vote
  • Urdu: رائے شُماری (rāe śumārī) — direct popular vote
  • Uyghur: رېفېراندۇم (rëfërandum) — direct popular vote
  • Uzbek: referendum — direct popular vote
  • Vietnamese: trưng cầu dân ý — direct popular vote
  • Vietnamese: trưng cầu ý dân — direct popular vote
  • Welsh: refferendwm — direct popular vote
  • Yiddish: רעפֿערענדום (referendum) — direct popular vote
  • Chinese Mandarin: 間接表態 /间接表态 (jiànjiē biǎotài) — action perceived as passing judgment
  • Chinese Mandarin: 信任投票 (xìnrèn tóupiào) — action perceived as passing judgment
  • Finnish: luottamuslauseäänestys — action perceived as passing judgment
  • Russian: рефере́ндум (referéndum) — action perceived as passing judgment
Real reading context

referendum in complete knowledge articles