Standard Lemma guide

refract

verb · 6 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -ækt

1

verb

Meaning 1

Of a medium, substance, object, etc.: to deflect the course of (light rays), esp. when they enter the medium, etc., at an oblique angle; to cause refraction of (light, other electromagnetic radiation, or sound or other wave phenomena).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Topics: natural-sciences, physical-sciences, physics

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

verb

Meaning 2

To mediate; to alter; to distort.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: figuratively, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

verb

Meaning 3

To cause (light) to change direction as a result of entering a different medium.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Topics: engineering, natural-sciences, optics, physical-sciences, physics

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

verb

Meaning 4

To measure, and often also to correct with lenses, the refractive error of (an eye) or the eyes of (a person).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Topics: medicine, ophthalmology, sciences

Examples

  • A prism can refract light.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

verb

Meaning 5

determine the refracting power of (a lens)

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: determine, find, find out, ascertain

6

verb

Meaning 6

subject to refraction

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • refract a light beam

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: subject

History

Etymology

From Latin refrāctum, neuter form of refrāctus, the past participle of refringō, itself from re- (“again”) + frangō (“to break”).

Across languages

Translations

28 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Bulgarian: пречупвам се (prečupvam se) — to change direction
  • Dutch: breken — to change direction
  • Finnish: taittua — to change direction
  • Ido: refraktar — to change direction
  • Italian: rifrangere — to change direction
  • Manx: aascellee — to change direction
  • Māori: hakoko — to change direction
  • Romanian: refracta — to change direction
  • Russian: преломля́ться (prelomljátʹsja) — to change direction
  • Russian: преломи́ться (prelomítʹsja) — to change direction
  • Spanish: refractar — to change direction
  • Ukrainian: заломлюватися (zalomljuvatysja) — to change direction
  • Bulgarian: пречупвам (prečupvam) — to cause to change direction
  • Dutch: breken — to cause to change direction
  • Finnish: taittaa — to cause to change direction
  • French: réfracter — to cause to change direction
  • German: brechen — to cause to change direction
  • Ido: refraktar — to cause to change direction
  • Irish: athraon — to cause to change direction
  • Italian: rifrangersi — to cause to change direction
  • Manx: aascellee — to cause to change direction
  • Māori: whakahakoko — to cause to change direction
  • Romanian: refracta — to cause to change direction
  • Russian: преломля́ть (prelomljátʹ) — to cause to change direction
  • Russian: преломи́ть (prelomítʹ) — to cause to change direction
  • Spanish: refractar — to cause to change direction
  • Swedish: bryta — to cause to change direction
  • Ukrainian: заломлювати (zalomljuvaty) — to cause to change direction