rook

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• Australian, General-American, Received-Pronunciation: /ɹʊk/
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• British, Southern, Standard: /ɹɵk/
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• /ɹuːk/ sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete
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• Scotland: /ɾʉk/
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• Northern-Ireland: /ɻʉk/
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• homophone: ruck (most accents without the foot-strut split)
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• rhymes with -ʊk
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• CMU ARPABET: R UH1 K Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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* Inherited from Middle English rok, roke, from Old English hrōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōk, from Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz (compare Old Norse hrókr, Saterland Frisian Rouk, Dutch roek, obsolete German Ruch), from Proto-Indo-European *kerk- (“crow, raven”) (compare Old Irish cerc (“hen”), Old Prussian kerko (“loon, diver”), dialectal Bulgarian кро́кон (krókon, “raven”), Ancient Greek κόραξ (kórax, “crow”), Old Armenian ագռաւ (agṙaw), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝 (kahrkatat̰, “rooster”), Sanskrit कृकर (kṛkara, “rooster”)), Ukrainian крук (kruk, “raven”). * (parson): Probably from the resemblance in plumage to a parson's garments.

Inherited from Middle English rook, rooke, roke, rok, from Old French roc, ultimately from Persian رخ (rox), from Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”). Compare roc.

From rookie.

Inherited from Middle English roke, rock, rok (“mist; vapour; drizzle; smoke; fumes”), from Old Norse *rauk, related to Icelandic rok, roka (“whirlwind; seafoam; seaspray”), Middle Dutch rooc, rok, Modern Dutch rook (“smoke; fog”).

256 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Arabic: غُدَاف (ḡudāf) — bird
• Aragonese: gralla — bird
• Armenian: սերմնագռավ (sermnagṙav) — bird
• Asturian: graya — bird
• Asturian: grayu — bird
• Azerbaijani: zağca — bird
• Basque: ipar-bele — bird
• Belarusian: грак (hrak) — bird
• Bulgarian: посе́вна вра́на (posévna vrána) — bird
• Bulgarian: по́лска вра́на (pólska vrána) — bird
• Catalan: graula — bird
• Chechen: къиг (qʼig) — bird
• Chinese Mandarin: 禿鼻鴉 /秃鼻鸦 (tūbíyā) — bird
• Chinese Mandarin: 白嘴鴉 /白嘴鸦 (báizuǐyā) — bird
• Czech: havran — bird
• Danish: råge — bird
• Dutch: roek — bird
• Esperanto: frugilego — bird
• Esperanto: kampokorvo — bird
• Faroese: felliskráka — bird
• Faroese: hjaltakráka — bird
• Finnish: mustavaris — bird
• French: corbeau freux — bird
• French: freux — bird
• Galician: grallo — bird
• Galician: gralla — bird
• Georgian: ჭილყვავი (č̣ilq̇vavi) — bird
• German: Saatkrähe — bird
• Greek: χαβαρόνι (chavaróni) — bird
• Greek: σταροκόρακας (starokórakas) — bird
• Hebrew: עורב מזרע ('orév mizrá') — bird
• Hungarian: vetési varjú — bird
• Icelandic: bláhrafn — bird
• Irish: rúcach — bird
• Italian: corvo comune — bird
• Japanese: 深山烏 (miyamagarasu) — bird
• Japanese: 深山鴉 (miyamagarasu) — bird
• Kumyk: жыргъыт (jırğıt) — bird
• Central Kurdish: قاژوو (qajû) — bird
• Latvian: krauķis — bird
• Lithuanian: paprastasis kovas — bird
• Lithuanian: kovas — bird
• Lithuanian: kovarnis — bird
• Macedonian: врана гагец (vrana gagec) — bird
• Macedonian: полска врана (polska vrana) — bird
• Manx: trogh — bird
• Manx: troghan — bird
• Manx: troghan doo — bird
• Nanai: тораки (toraki) — bird
• Norwegian Bokmål: kornkråke — bird
• Norwegian Bokmål: blåkråke — bird
• Norwegian Nynorsk: kornkråke — bird
• Old English: hrōc — bird
• Old Norse: hrókr — bird
• Persian: زاغ (zâġ) — bird
• Polish: gawron — bird
• Portuguese: gralha-calva — bird
• Portuguese: frouva — bird
• Portuguese: cornelha — bird
• Romanian: cioară de semănătură — bird
• Russian: грач (grač) — bird
• Northern Sami: bealdovuoraš — bird
• Serbo-Croatian: гакуша — bird
• Serbo-Croatian: gakuša — bird
• Slovak: havran — bird
• Slovene: grakuša — bird
• Slovene: poljska vrana — bird
• Spanish: graja — bird
• Spanish: grajo — bird
• Swedish: råka — bird
• Turkish: ekin kargası — bird
• Ottoman Turkish: زاغ (zağ) — bird
• Ukrainian: грак (hrak) — bird
• Ukrainian: га́йворон (hájvoron) — bird
• Welsh: ydfran — bird
• Welsh: brân bigwen — bird
• Bulgarian: измамник (izmamnik) — swindler
• Bulgarian: мошеник (mošenik) — swindler
• Finnish: ketku — swindler
• Finnish: petturi — swindler
• Finnish: huijari — swindler
• German: Schwindler — swindler
• German: Schwindlerin — swindler
• German: Betrüger — swindler
• German: Betrügerin — swindler
• German: Gauner — swindler
• German: Gaunerin — swindler
• Greek: απατεώνας (apateónas) — swindler
• Greek: αγύρτης (agýrtis) — swindler
• Greek: χαρτοκλέφτης (chartokléftis) — swindler
• Russian: жу́лик (žúlik) — swindler
• Russian: моше́нник (mošénnik) — swindler
• Russian: плут (plut) — swindler
• Russian: шу́лер (šúler) — swindler
• Russian: ше́льма (šélʹma) — swindler
• Russian: афери́ст (aferíst) — swindler
• Turkish: dolandırıcı — swindler
• Finnish: rook — card game
• Finnish: rook-korttipeli — card game
• Afrikaans: toring — chesspiece
• Albanian: kala — chesspiece
• Albanian: torrë — chesspiece
• Albanian: kullë — chesspiece
• Arabic: قَلْعَة (qalʕa) — chesspiece
• Arabic: رُخّ (ruḵḵ) — chesspiece
• Arabic: طَابِيَة (ṭābiya) — chesspiece
• Armenian: նավակ (navak) — chesspiece
• Asturian: torre — chesspiece
• Azerbaijani: top — chesspiece
• Basque: gaztelu — chesspiece
• Belarusian: ладдзя́ (laddzjá) — chesspiece
• Belarusian: ладзьдзя́ (ladzʹdzjá) — chesspiece
• Belarusian: ве́жа (vjéža) — chesspiece
• Belarusian: тура́ (turá) — chesspiece
• Bengali: নৌকা (nōuka) — chesspiece
• Breton: tour — chesspiece
• Bulgarian: топ (top) — chesspiece
• Burmese: ကျီးအ (kyi:a.) — chesspiece
• Burmese: ရထား (ra.hta:) — chesspiece
• Catalan: torre — chesspiece
• Chinese Cantonese: 車 /车 (geoi1) — chesspiece
• Chinese Cantonese: 城堡 — chesspiece
• Chinese: 城堡 (zh-min-nan) — chesspiece
• Chinese Mandarin: 車 /车 (jū) — chesspiece
• Chinese Mandarin: 城堡 (chéngbǎo) — chesspiece
• Crimean Tatar: qale — chesspiece
• Czech: věž — chesspiece
• Danish: tårn — chesspiece
• Dutch: toren — chesspiece
• Esperanto: turo — chesspiece
• Estonian: vanker — chesspiece
• Estonian: kahur — chesspiece
• Faroese: rókur — chesspiece
• Finnish: torni — chesspiece
• French: tour — chesspiece
• West-Frisian: stins — chesspiece
• Galician: torre — chesspiece
• Georgian: ეტლი (eṭli) — chesspiece
• Georgian: როქი (roki) — chesspiece
• German: Turm — chesspiece
• Greek: πύργος (pýrgos) — chesspiece
• Hebrew: צַרִיחַ (ts'ríakh) — chesspiece
• Hindi: हाथी (hāthī) — chesspiece
• Hindi: रुख़ (rux) — chesspiece
• Hindi: किश्ती (kiśtī) — chesspiece
• Hungarian: bástya — chesspiece
• Hungarian: torony — chesspiece
• Icelandic: hrókur — chesspiece
• Indonesian: benteng — chesspiece
• Irish: caiseal — chesspiece
• Italian: rocco — chesspiece
• Italian: torre — chesspiece
• Japanese: ルーク (rūku) — chesspiece
• Javanese: bètèng — chesspiece
• Kazakh: ладья (ladä) — chesspiece
• Khmer: ទូក (tuuk) — chesspiece
• Khmer: ប្រាសាទ (praasaat) — chesspiece
• Korean: 룩 (ruk) — chesspiece
• Northern Kurdish: keleh — chesspiece
• Kyrgyz: ладья (ladya) — chesspiece
• Lao: ເຮືອ (hư̄a) — chesspiece
• Latin: turris — chesspiece
• Latvian: tornis — chesspiece
• Lithuanian: bokštas — chesspiece
• Macedonian: топ (top) — chesspiece
• Malay: benteng — chesspiece
• Malay: tir — chesspiece
• Malayalam: തേര് (tērŭ) — chesspiece
• Maltese: kastell — chesspiece
• Manx: cashtal — chesspiece
• Māori: pā tūwatawata — chesspiece
• Maranao: ti'ir — chesspiece
• Mongolian: тэрэг (tereg) — chesspiece
• Navajo: kinyaaʼáhí — chesspiece
• Norwegian Bokmål: tårn — chesspiece
• Norwegian Nynorsk: tårn — chesspiece
• Occitan: castel — chesspiece
• Ojibwe: chi-ogimaawigamig — chesspiece
• Old Norse: hrókr — chesspiece
• Persian: رخ (rox) — chesspiece
• Persian: قلعه (qal'e) — chesspiece
• Middle Persian: 𐭬𐭠𐭲𐭢𐭣𐭠𐭫 (mʾtgdʾl) — chesspiece
• Polish: wieża — chesspiece
• Portuguese: torre — chesspiece
• Romanian: turn — chesspiece
• Romansh: tur — chesspiece
• Russian: ладья́ (ladʹjá) — chesspiece
• Russian: тура́ (turá) — chesspiece
• Serbo-Croatian: топ — chesspiece
• Serbo-Croatian: кула — chesspiece
• Serbo-Croatian: top — chesspiece
• Serbo-Croatian: kula — chesspiece
• Sicilian: turri — chesspiece
• Slovak: veža — chesspiece
• Slovene: trdnjava — chesspiece
• Spanish: torre — chesspiece
• Spanish: roque — chesspiece
• Swahili: ngome — chesspiece
• Swedish: torn — chesspiece
• Tajik: рух (rux) — chesspiece
• Tamil: கோட்டை (kōṭṭai) — chesspiece
• Telugu: ఏనుగు (ēnugu) — chesspiece
• Thai: เรือ (rʉʉa) — chesspiece
• Turkish: kale — chesspiece
• Turkmen: ruh — chesspiece
• Ukrainian: тура́ (turá) — chesspiece
• Urdu: رخ (rux) — chesspiece
• Uyghur: توپ (top) — chesspiece
• Uzbek: rux — chesspiece
• Vietnamese: xe — chesspiece
• Volapük: cögatüm — chesspiece
• Welsh: castell — chesspiece
• Yiddish: טורעם (turem) — chesspiece
• Armenian: ամրոց (amrocʻ) — fortification
• Dutch: vesting — fortification
• Dutch: burcht — fortification
• Finnish: linnoitus — fortification
• German: Festung — fortification
• German: Burg — fortification
• Hungarian: bástya — fortification
• Italian: rocca — fortification
• Japanese: 城塞 (jōsai) — fortification
• Portuguese: fortificação — fortification
• Russian: кре́пость (krépostʹ) — fortification
• Serbo-Croatian: тврђава — fortification
• Serbo-Croatian: кула — fortification
• Serbo-Croatian: tvrđava — fortification
• Serbo-Croatian: kula — fortification
• Spanish: baluarte — fortification
• Spanish: bastión — fortification
• Tamil: கோட்டை (kōṭṭai) — fortification
• Turkish: kale — fortification
• Bulgarian: мамя (mamja) — cheat, swindle
• Dutch: valsspelen — cheat, swindle
• Finnish: petkuttaa — cheat, swindle
• Finnish: huiputtaa — cheat, swindle
• Finnish: huijata — cheat, swindle
• French: rouler — cheat, swindle
• German: schwindeln — cheat, swindle
• German: betrügen — cheat, swindle
• German: übers Ohr hauen — cheat, swindle
• German: lügen — cheat, swindle
• German: hintergehen — cheat, swindle
• German: falsch spielen — cheat, swindle
• German: hinters Licht führen — cheat, swindle
• German: ergaunern — cheat, swindle
• German: abgaunern — cheat, swindle
• Italian: imbrogliare — cheat, swindle
• Polish: oszukać — cheat, swindle
• Portuguese: enganar — cheat, swindle
• Russian: обма́нывать (obmányvatʹ) — cheat, swindle
• Russian: мошенничать (mošenničatʹ) — cheat, swindle
• Russian: нечестно игра́ть (nečestno igrátʹ) — cheat, swindle
• Russian: выманивать де́ньги (vymanivatʹ dénʹgi) — cheat, swindle
• Russian: обдирать (obdiratʹ) — cheat, swindle
• Russian: обсчитывать (obsčityvatʹ) — cheat, swindle