Standard Lemma guide

rumination

noun · 7 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ˌɹuːmɪˈneɪʃən/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: R UW2 M IH0 N EY1 SH AH0 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

The act of ruminating; i.e. chewing cud.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

Deep thought or consideration.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, figuratively, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: cogitation, contemplation, deliberation, mulling, musing, pondering, meditation, reflection, rethinking, reconsideration, rumination, thought

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

Negative cyclic thinking; persistent and recurrent worrying or brooding.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Topics: human-sciences, psychology, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

An eating disorder characterized by repetitive regurgitation of small amounts of food from the stomach.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Topics: medicine, pathology, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

regurgitation of small amounts of food; seen in some infants after feeding

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: vomit, vomiting, emesis, regurgitation, disgorgement, puking

6

noun

Meaning 6

(of ruminants) chewing (the cud)

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • ruminants have remarkable powers of rumination

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: chew, chewing, mastication, manduction

7

noun

Meaning 7

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: contemplation, reflection, reflexion, musing, thoughtfulness

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: consideration

Narrower terms: cogitation, study, meditation, speculation, introspection, self-contemplation, self-examination, retrospect

History

Etymology

From Latin rūminātio (“chewing the cud”); see ruminate.

Across languages

Translations

43 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: اجترار (ijtirār) — act of ruminating
  • Bulgarian: преживяне (preživjane) — act of ruminating
  • Catalan: remugament — act of ruminating
  • Catalan: ruminació — act of ruminating
  • Dutch: peinzen — act of ruminating
  • Dutch: piekeren — act of ruminating
  • Finnish: märehtiminen — act of ruminating
  • Finnish: märehdintä — act of ruminating
  • French: rumination — act of ruminating
  • German: Wiederkäuen — act of ruminating
  • German: Wiederkäuung — act of ruminating
  • Greek: μηρυκασμός (mirykasmós) — act of ruminating
  • Indonesian: ruminasi — act of ruminating
  • Irish: athchogaint — act of ruminating
  • Maltese: ruminazzjoni — act of ruminating
  • Persian: نشخوار (nešxâr) — act of ruminating
  • Polish: przeżuwanie — act of ruminating
  • Romanian: rumega — act of ruminating
  • Russian: жева́ние жва́чки (ževánije žváčki) — act of ruminating
  • Scottish Gaelic: ath-chagnadh — act of ruminating
  • Ukrainian: жування жуйки (žuvannja žujky) — act of ruminating
  • Bulgarian: размисъл (razmisǎl) — deep thought
  • Catalan: ruminació — deep thought
  • Chinese Mandarin: 沈思 (chénsī) — deep thought
  • Chinese Mandarin: 沉思 (chénsī) — deep thought
  • Finnish: pohdiskelu — deep thought
  • Finnish: mietiskely — deep thought
  • Finnish: märehtiminen — deep thought
  • German: Gedankenversunkenheit — deep thought
  • Maltese: ruminazzjoni — deep thought
  • Polish: rozmyślanie — deep thought
  • Russian: размышле́ние (razmyšlénije) — deep thought
  • Swedish: grubbla — deep thought
  • Finnish: ruminaatio — negative cyclic thinking
  • French: rumination — negative cyclic thinking
  • Indonesian: ruminasi — negative cyclic thinking
  • Polish: ruminacja — negative cyclic thinking
  • Swedish: ältande — negative cyclic thinking
  • Swedish: ältning — negative cyclic thinking
  • Chinese Mandarin: 反芻 /反刍 (fǎnchú) — eating disorder
  • Finnish: ruminaatio — eating disorder
  • Maltese: ruminazzjoni — eating disorder
  • Polish: ruminacja — eating disorder