Standard Lemma guide

rune

noun · verb · 9 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • ro͞on
  • /ɹuːn/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -uːn
  • CMU ARPABET: R UW1 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

A letter, or character, used in the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

A letter from any visually similar script, such as Hungarian runes (the Old Hungarian script) or Turkic runes (the Old Turkic script).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

A Finnic or Scandinavian epic poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

A letter or mark used as a mystical or magic symbol.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

A verse or song, especially one with mystical or mysterious overtones; a spell or an incantation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: enchantment, hex, cantrip, chantment, charm, craft, dwimmer, incantation, magic, magic spell, makutu, mojo, obeah, pishogue, rune, spell, spellword, wanga

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

Alternative form of roun (“secret or mystery”).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: alt-of, alternative, obsolete

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

noun

Meaning 7

A Unicode code point.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, programming, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

verb

Meaning 8

To compose or perform poetry or songs.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: dated, intransitive, poetic

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

noun

Meaning 9

any character from an ancient Germanic alphabet used in Scandinavia from the 3rd century to the Middle Ages

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • each rune had its own magical significance

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: runic letter

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: character, grapheme, graphic symbol

Narrower terms: thorn

History

Etymology

Etymology tree Proto-Celtic *rūnābor.? Proto-Germanic *rūnō Proto-Germanic *rūnǭ Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo) Old Norse rúnbor. English rune Borrowed from Old Norse rún, which is from Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”), which is borrowed either from Proto-Celtic *rūnā or from the same source as it; compare Dutch rune, German Rune, Raune, Danish rune and Swedish runa. Compare roun. ; Finnic epic poem ; "code point"

Across languages

Translations

53 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Afrikaans: rune — letter or character
  • Azerbaijani: run — letter or character
  • Bulgarian: руна (runa) — letter or character
  • Catalan: runa — letter or character
  • Chinese Mandarin: 盧恩 /卢恩 (lú'ēn) — letter or character
  • Danish: rune — letter or character
  • Dutch: rune — letter or character
  • Faroese: rún — letter or character
  • Finnish: riimu — letter or character
  • Finnish: riimukirjain — letter or character
  • French: rune — letter or character
  • German: Rune — letter or character
  • German: Runenbuchstabe — letter or character
  • German: Runenzeichen — letter or character
  • Greek: ρούνος (roúnos) — letter or character
  • Hungarian: rúna — letter or character
  • Icelandic: rún — letter or character
  • Irish: rúnscríbhinn — letter or character
  • Italian: runa — letter or character
  • Japanese: ルーン文字 (rūn-moji) — letter or character
  • Kazakh: руна (runa) — letter or character
  • Macedonian: руна (runa) — letter or character
  • Manx: roon — letter or character
  • Norwegian Bokmål: rune — letter or character
  • Norwegian Bokmål: runestav — letter or character
  • Norwegian Bokmål: runetegn — letter or character
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: rune — letter or character
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: runestav — letter or character
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: runeteikn — letter or character
  • Occitan: runa — letter or character
  • Old Norse: rún — letter or character
  • Polish: runa — letter or character
  • Portuguese: runa — letter or character
  • Proto-Norse: ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo) — letter or character
  • Russian: ру́на (rúna) — letter or character
  • Spanish: runa — letter or character
  • Swedish: runa — letter or character
  • Thai: อักษรรูน — letter or character
  • Turkish: rün — letter or character
  • Turkish: run — letter or character
  • Uzbek: runa — letter or character
  • Volapük: raunatonat — letter or character
  • Welsh: rŵn — letter or character
  • Welsh: llythyren rwnig — letter or character
  • Finnish: runo — Finnish or Scandinavian poem
  • Ingrian: runo — Finnish or Scandinavian poem
  • Japanese: 北欧古詩 (hokuō-koshi) — Finnish or Scandinavian poem
  • Japanese: 北欧神話 (hokuō-shinwa) — Finnish or Scandinavian poem
  • Norwegian Bokmål: rune — Finnish or Scandinavian poem
  • Bulgarian: магически знак (magičeski znak) — mystical letter or mark
  • Finnish: mystinen merkki — mystical letter or mark
  • Finnish: loitsu — mystical verse or song
  • Finnish: salaisuus — secret or mystery