noun · verb · 9 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Pronunciation
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ro͞on
/ɹuːn/
US:Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
rhymes with -uːn
CMU ARPABET:R UW1 N
Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
1
noun
Meaning 1
A letter, or character, used in the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
2
noun
Meaning 2
A letter from any visually similar script, such as Hungarian runes (the Old Hungarian script) or Turkic runes (the Old Turkic script).
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
3
noun
Meaning 3
A Finnic or Scandinavian epic poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
4
noun
Meaning 4
A letter or mark used as a mystical or magic symbol.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
5
noun
Meaning 5
A verse or song, especially one with mystical or mysterious overtones; a spell or an incantation.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
8
verb
Meaning 8
To compose or perform poetry or songs.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: dated, intransitive, poetic
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
9
noun
Meaning 9
any character from an ancient Germanic alphabet used in Scandinavia from the 3rd century to the Middle Ages
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
each rune had its own magical significance
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: runic letter
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: character, grapheme, graphic symbol
Narrower terms: thorn
History
Etymology
Etymology tree Proto-Celtic *rūnābor.? Proto-Germanic *rūnō Proto-Germanic *rūnǭ Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo) Old Norse rúnbor. English rune Borrowed from Old Norse rún, which is from Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”), which is borrowed either from Proto-Celtic *rūnā or from the same source as it; compare Dutch rune, German Rune, Raune, Danish rune and Swedish runa. Compare roun. ; Finnic epic poem ; "code point"
Across languages
Translations
53 source translations are retained for this English entry.
Afrikaans:
rune
— letter or character
Azerbaijani:
run
— letter or character
Bulgarian:
руна
(runa)
— letter or character
Catalan:
runa
— letter or character
Chinese Mandarin:
盧恩 /卢恩
(lú'ēn)
— letter or character
Danish:
rune
— letter or character
Dutch:
rune
— letter or character
Faroese:
rún
— letter or character
Finnish:
riimu
— letter or character
Finnish:
riimukirjain
— letter or character
French:
rune
— letter or character
German:
Rune
— letter or character
German:
Runenbuchstabe
— letter or character
German:
Runenzeichen
— letter or character
Greek:
ρούνος
(roúnos)
— letter or character
Hungarian:
rúna
— letter or character
Icelandic:
rún
— letter or character
Irish:
rúnscríbhinn
— letter or character
Italian:
runa
— letter or character
Japanese:
ルーン文字
(rūn-moji)
— letter or character
Kazakh:
руна
(runa)
— letter or character
Macedonian:
руна
(runa)
— letter or character
Manx:
roon
— letter or character
Norwegian Bokmål:
rune
— letter or character
Norwegian Bokmål:
runestav
— letter or character
Norwegian Bokmål:
runetegn
— letter or character
Norwegian Nynorsk:
rune
— letter or character
Norwegian Nynorsk:
runestav
— letter or character
Norwegian Nynorsk:
runeteikn
— letter or character
Occitan:
runa
— letter or character
Old Norse:
rún
— letter or character
Polish:
runa
— letter or character
Portuguese:
runa
— letter or character
Proto-Norse:
ᚱᚢᚾᛟ
(runo)
— letter or character
Russian:
ру́на
(rúna)
— letter or character
Spanish:
runa
— letter or character
Swedish:
runa
— letter or character
Thai:
อักษรรูน
— letter or character
Turkish:
rün
— letter or character
Turkish:
run
— letter or character
Uzbek:
runa
— letter or character
Volapük:
raunatonat
— letter or character
Welsh:
rŵn
— letter or character
Welsh:
llythyren rwnig
— letter or character
Finnish:
runo
— Finnish or Scandinavian poem
Ingrian:
runo
— Finnish or Scandinavian poem
Japanese:
北欧古詩
(hokuō-koshi)
— Finnish or Scandinavian poem
Japanese:
北欧神話
(hokuō-shinwa)
— Finnish or Scandinavian poem
Norwegian Bokmål:
rune
— Finnish or Scandinavian poem
Bulgarian:
магически знак
(magičeski znak)
— mystical letter or mark
Finnish:
mystinen merkki
— mystical letter or mark