Standard Lemma guide

Rus

name · noun · 7 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ɹuːs/
  • /ɹʌs/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -uːs
  • rhymes with -ʌs
  • CMU ARPABET: R AH1 S Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

name

Meaning 1

A people made up of Scandinavian warrior merchants who travelled Eastern European river-roads from the eighth century, and whose settlements around Novgorod, Kiev/Kyiv and the Volga and Dnieper/Dnipro gave rise to the Rus' principalities.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

name

Meaning 2

Kievan Rus, the medieval East Slavic state established by these same warrior merchants in the 9th century, whose capital was in Kiev.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

name

Meaning 3

Any of the medieval East Slavic principalities ruled by this class, especially Kievan Rus.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

name

Meaning 4

The nation of Russia, especially in a transcendent or romantic sense referring to the history and culture of the country.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, poetic, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

name

Meaning 5

Initialism of Rural Utilities Service.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: US, abbreviation, alt-of, initialism

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

A person from Rus.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

noun

Meaning 7

the medieval Russian state established by Scandinavian traders in the 9th century; the capital was first in Novgorod and then in Kiev

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: country, state, land

History

Etymology

Earlier form Russ from German Russe etc., from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ). More recent use influenced by Russian Русь (Rusʹ), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ). Use with macron was probably influenced by the transliteration of Arabic رُوس (rūs). Compare Russ, Russian, Russie, Russniak, Rusyn, Ruthenian. Also compare Swedish Ryss, Dutch Rus, German Russe, French Russe, Byzantine Greek Ῥῶς (Rhôs), Russian Русь (Rusʹ), Belarusian Русь (Rusʹ), Ukrainian Русь (Rusʹ). Also compare Russian ру́сский (rússkij, “Ethnic Russian, of Rus”), россия́нин (rossijánin, “Russian national”), Росси́я (Rossíja, “Russia”). See further Etymology of Rus and derivatives.

Across languages

Translations

124 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Afrikaans: Roes — people
  • Arabic: رُوس (rūs) — people
  • Belarusian: Русь (Rusʹ) — people
  • Belarusian: русь (rusʹ) — people
  • Belarusian: ру́січы (rúsičy) — people
  • Bulgarian: Рус (Rus) — people
  • Carpathian Rusyn: русь (rusʹ) — people
  • Chinese Mandarin: 羅斯 /罗斯 (Luósī) — people
  • Czech: Rus — people
  • Finnish: rusit — people
  • French: Rus' — people
  • French: Rus — people
  • German: Rus — people
  • Greek: Ρως (Ros) — people
  • Hebrew: רוס (rus) — people
  • Indonesian: Rus — people
  • Japanese: ルーシ (Rūshi) — people
  • Korean: 루시 (Rusi) — people
  • Latin: Ruthenia — people
  • Latvian: Krievzeme — people
  • Macedonian: Рус (Rus) — people
  • Malay: Rus — people
  • Mongolian: орос (oros) — people
  • Iranian Persian: روس (rus) — people
  • Iranian Persian: اُرُس (oros) — people
  • Polish: Ruś — people
  • Portuguese: rus — people
  • Russian: Русь (Rusʹ) — people
  • Russian: ру́сичи (rúsiči) — people
  • Russian: русь (rusʹ) — people
  • Serbo-Croatian: Русија — people
  • Serbo-Croatian: Rusija — people
  • Slovak: Rus — people
  • Slovene: Rusija — people
  • Spanish: Rus — people
  • Swedish: ruser — people
  • Ukrainian: Русь (Rusʹ) — people
  • Ukrainian: русь (rusʹ) — people
  • Ukrainian: ру́сичі (rúsyči) — people
  • Albanian: Rus — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Albanian: Rusi — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Arabic: رُوس (rūs) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Armenian: Ռուսիա (Ṙusia) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Azerbaijani: Rus — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Belarusian: Русь (Rusʹ) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Belarusian: Ру́ская зямля́ (Rúskaja zjamljá) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Belarusian: Рутэ́нія (Ruténija) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Bulgarian: Рус (Rus) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Carpathian Rusyn: Русь (Rusʹ) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Carpathian Rusyn: Ру́ська земля́ (Rúsʹka zemljá) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Chinese Mandarin: 羅斯 /罗斯 (Luósī) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Czech: Rus — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Dutch: Roes — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Finnish: Rutenia — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • French: Rus' — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • French: Rous' — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • French: Ruthénie — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • German: Rus — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • German: Ruthenien — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Greek: Ρως (Ros) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Ancient Greek: Ῥῶς (Rhôs) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Hebrew: רוּס (rus) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Hindi: रूस (rūs) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Indonesian: Rus — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Italian: Rutenia — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Italian: Rus' — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Japanese: ルーシ (Rūshi) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Japanese: ルテニア (Rutenia) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Kazakh: Русь (Rus) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Korean: 루시 (Rusi) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Korean: 루테니아 (Rutenia) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Kyrgyz: Русь (Rus) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Latin: Russia — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Latin: Ruthenia — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Latvian: Krievzeme — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Lithuanian: Rusia — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Macedonian: Рус (Rus) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Malay: Rus — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Malay: Rus' — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Mongolian: Рус (Rus) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Mongolian: Русь (Rusʹ) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Church Slavic: Роусь (Rusĭ) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Old East Slavic: Русьскаꙗ землꙗ (Rusĭskaja zemlja) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Old East Slavic: Русь (Rusĭ) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Iranian Persian: روس (rus) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Iranian Persian: اُرُس (oros) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Polish: Ruś — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Portuguese: Ruténia — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Portuguese: Rutênia — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Russian: Русь (Rusʹ) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Russian: Ру́сская земля́ (Rússkaja zemljá) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Russian: Руте́ния (Ruténija) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Serbo-Croatian: Ру̏с — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Serbo-Croatian: Rȕs — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Slovak: Rus — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Slovene: Rus — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Spanish: Rutenia — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Tajik: Рус (Rus) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Turkish: Rus — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Ukrainian: Русь (Rusʹ) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Ukrainian: Ру́ська земля́ (Rúsʹka zemljá) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Ukrainian: Руте́нія (Ruténija) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Urdu: رُوس (rūs) — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Uzbek: Rus — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Vietnamese: Rus' — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Vietnamese: Rus — medieval East Slavic state, usually or often with a qualifier "Kyiv", "Kievan"
  • Armenian: Ռուսիա (Ṙusia) — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Belarusian: Русь (Rusʹ) — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Bulgarian: Рус (Rus) — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Carpathian Rusyn: Русь (Rusʹ) — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Chinese Mandarin: 羅斯 /罗斯 (Luósī) — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Czech: Rus — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Finnish: Rusj — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Greek: Ρως (Ros) — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Japanese: ルーシ (Rūshi) — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Latvian: Krievzeme — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Macedonian: Рус (Rus) — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Old East Slavic: Русь (Rusĭ) — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Polish: Ruś — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Portuguese: Ruténia — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Portuguese: Rutênia — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Russian: Русь (Rusʹ) — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Slovak: Rus — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities
  • Ukrainian: Русь (Rusʹ) — any of the medieval East Slavic principalities