adj · verb · 5 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Pronunciation
Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *swé? Proto-Indo-European *selbh-der. Proto-Germanic *selbaz Old English self Old English self- Middle English self- English self- Latin contineōder. Latin continērelbor. Old French contenirbor. English contain Old English -ed Proto-Indo-European *-h2 Proto-Indo-European *-éh2 Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh2tos Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz Old English -od Middle English -ed English -ed English contained English self-contained From self- + contained.
Across languages
Translations
21 source translations are retained for this English entry.
Bulgarian:
самостоятелен
(samostojatelen)
— not requiring external or additional support
Bulgarian:
автономен
(avtonomen)
— not requiring external or additional support
Chinese Mandarin:
設施齊全的 /设施齐全的
(shèshī qíquán de)
— not requiring external or additional support
Chinese Mandarin:
獨立 /独立
(dúlì)
— not requiring external or additional support
Chinese Mandarin:
自給 /自给
(zìjǐ)
— not requiring external or additional support
Finnish:
omavarainen
— not requiring external or additional support
French:
autonome
— not requiring external or additional support
French:
indépendant
— not requiring external or additional support
German:
autark
— not requiring external or additional support
German:
autonom
— not requiring external or additional support
German:
selbstständig
— not requiring external or additional support
Greek:
αυτόνομος
(aftónomos)
— not requiring external or additional support
Greek:
αυτοτελής
(aftotelís)
— not requiring external or additional support
Greek:
ανεξάρτητος
(anexártitos)
— not requiring external or additional support
Hungarian:
önálló
— not requiring external or additional support
Japanese:
自給の
(jikyū no)
— not requiring external or additional support
Portuguese:
independente
— not requiring external or additional support
Russian:
автоно́мный
(avtonómnyj)
— not requiring external or additional support
Russian:
незави́симый
(nezavísimyj)
— not requiring external or additional support
Russian:
самостоя́тельный
(samostojátelʹnyj)
— not requiring external or additional support
Vietnamese:
khép kín
— not requiring external or additional support