noun · 4 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Pronunciation
Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.
Received-Pronunciation:/sɜːf/
Southern-England:Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
US:/sɝf/
Scotland:/sɛɹf/
New-Zealand, Wales:/søːf/
/seːf/Liverpool, fair–fur merger
/sɛːf/Humberside, Teesside, fair–fur merger
homophone: surf (fern–fir–fur merger)
rhymes with -ɜː(ɹ)f
CMU ARPABET:S ER1 F
Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
1
noun
Meaning 1
A partially free peasant of a low hereditary class, attached like a slave to the land owned by a feudal lord and required to perform labour, enjoying minimal legal or customary rights.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: helot
Antonyms: none provided
2
noun
Meaning 2
A similar agricultural labourer in 18th and 19th century Europe.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
3
noun
Meaning 3
A worker unit.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Qualifier: strategy games
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: peasant, peon, villager
Antonyms: none provided
4
noun
Meaning 4
(Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: helot, villein
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: thrall
Narrower terms: cotter, cottier
History
Etymology
From Middle English serf, from Old French serf, from Latin servus (“slave, serf, servant”).
Across languages
Translations
84 source translations are retained for this English entry.