Standard Lemma guide

sluggish

adj · 8 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/
  • [ˈslʌɡɪʃ]
  • UK: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -ʌɡɪʃ
  • CMU ARPABET: S L AH1 G IH0 SH Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

Habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • a sluggish man

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: bone-idle, fainéant, idle, indolent, inert, lackadaisical, lazy, lither, otiose, slothful, sluggish, swear, torpid, work-shy

Antonyms: none provided

2

adj

Meaning 2

Slow; having little motion.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: crawling, slack, slow-moving, languid, languorous, draggy, tardy, creeping, dreich, gastropodous, glacial, heavy-footed, inching, inert, labored, leaden, lead-footed, lethargic, low-speed, lumbering, plodding, pokey, ponderous, slothlike, slow, slow as a snail, slow as Christmas, slow as molasses, slow as molasses in January, slowfooted, sluggish, stately, steady, subglacial, sullen, tardigrade, tedious, testudineous, torpid, turtleish, turtlesque, unspeedy

Antonyms: nimble

3

adj

Meaning 3

Having no power to move oneself or itself; inert.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

adj

Meaning 4

Characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: addlebrained, addlepated, airheaded, bee-brained, beef-witted, beefheaded, beetle-headed, birdbrained, blockheaded, Boeotian, boneheaded, boofheaded, braindead, brainless, bubbleheaded, buffle-headed, bullet-headed, cerebrally challenged, childish, chowderheaded, chuckleheaded, crackbrained, cretinous, daft, dense, dented, dim-bulb, dim-headed, dim-witted, dim, doltish, dopey, dozy, drowsy, dull-headed, dull-minded, dull-witted, dull, dumber than a box of rocks, dumb, dunderheaded, empty-headed, fatheaded, feeble-minded, flea-brained, foolish, fuzzy-headed, fuzzy-minded, goofy, half-brained, half-witted, hammer-headed, idiotic, ignorant, imbecilic, inane, insipid, intellectually challenged, knuckleheaded, lamebrained, lowbrow, lumpish, lunkheaded, mentally challenged, mentally retarded, mindless, monosynaptic, moronic, muttonheaded, nitwitted, numbskulled, oafish, obtuse, peabrained, pratty, pudding-headed, puerile, purblind, quarter-witted, retarded, ridiculous, rockheaded, sharp as a bowling ball, sheep-headed, silly, simple, slow, slow on the uptake, slow-witted, smooth-brained, stolid, stupid, thick-skulled, thickheaded, thickwitted, thick, unapprehensive, unclever, uninformed, unintelligent, unsmart, vacant, vacuous, witless, wooden-headed, wool-headed, woolly-headed, woolly-minded, dumb as a bag of hammers, dumb as a box of rocks, dumb as a doorknob, dumb as an ox, dumb as a post, dumb as a sack of hammers, dumb as dirt, dumber than a rock, not the sharpest crayon in the box, not the sharpest knife in the drawer, not the sharpest tool in the shed, thick as a brick, thick as a plank, thick as champ, thick as mince, thick as two short planks, thick as a whale omelette, ass-brained, fuckwitted, shit-for-brains, thick as pig shit

Antonyms: none provided

5

adj

Meaning 5

Exhibiting economic decline, inactivity, slow, or subnormal growth.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • Inflation has been rising despite a sluggish economy.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

adjective satellite

Meaning 6

slow and apathetic

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • she was fat and inert
  • a sluggish worker
  • a mind grown torpid in old age

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: inert, soggy, torpid

Antonyms: none provided

7

adjective satellite

Meaning 7

(of business) not active or brisk

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • business is dull (or slow)
  • a sluggish market

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: dull, slow

Antonyms: none provided

8

adjective satellite

Meaning 8

moving slowly

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • a sluggish stream

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: sulky

Antonyms: none provided

History

Etymology

Etymology tree English slug Proto-Indo-European *-iskos Proto-Germanic *-iskaz Proto-West Germanic *-isk Old English -isċ Middle English -ish English -ish English sluggish From slug + -ish.

Across languages

Translations

104 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Bulgarian: ленив (leniv) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Bulgarian: мързелив (mǎrzeliv) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Chamicuro: achwayi — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Chinese Mandarin: 懶惰 /懒惰 (lǎnduò) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Finnish: hidas — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Finnish: laiska — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Finnish: veltto — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Galician: lerdo — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Galician: náparo — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Galician: harón — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Galician: zamarrón — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Galician: lerchán — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • German: faul — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • German: schwach — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • German: inaktiv — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • German: lustlos — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • German: schwerfällig — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • German: bräsig — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Greek: νωθρός (nothrós) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Greek: άτονος (átonos) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Ancient Greek: νωθρός (nōthrós) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Ancient Greek: νωχελής (nōkhelḗs) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Hindi: आलसी (ālsī) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Hindi: शिथिल (śithil) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Irish: ceanntrom — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Irish: marbhánta — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Latin: languidus — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Latin: ignavus — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Māori: ukauka — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Māori: takurutu — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Persian: تنبل (tambal) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Polish: rozlazły — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Polish: ślamazarny — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Portuguese: vadio — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Portuguese: vagabundo — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Russian: лени́вый (lenívyj) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Russian: медли́тельный (medlítelʹnyj) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Russian: вялый (vjalyj) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Sanskrit: मन्दर (mandara) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Slovene: len — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Spanish: perezoso — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Spanish: haragán — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Spanish: huevón — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Spanish: desganado — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Turkish: uyuşuk — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Turkish: miskin — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Turkish: uyuz — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Ottoman Turkish: تنبل (tembel) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Ottoman Turkish: هایلاز (haylaz) — habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
  • Bulgarian: бавен (baven) — slow; having little motion
  • Bulgarian: муден (muden) — slow; having little motion
  • Chinese Mandarin: 緩慢 /缓慢 (huǎnmàn) — slow; having little motion
  • Dutch: langzaam — slow; having little motion
  • Finnish: hidas — slow; having little motion
  • Finnish: hiljainen — slow; having little motion
  • Finnish: heikko — slow; having little motion
  • French: poussif — slow; having little motion
  • French: faiblard — slow; having little motion
  • German: langsam — slow; having little motion
  • German: träge — slow; having little motion
  • Hindi: शिथिल (śithil) — slow; having little motion
  • Māori: pūtumu — slow; having little motion
  • Māori: hōtoa — slow; having little motion
  • Māori: pūroto — slow; having little motion
  • Māori: pūrotoroto — slow; having little motion
  • Māori: ukauka — slow; having little motion
  • Māori: takurutu — slow; having little motion
  • Polish: ślamazarny — slow; having little motion
  • Portuguese: lento — slow; having little motion
  • Portuguese: moroso — slow; having little motion
  • Russian: ме́дленный (médlennyj) — slow; having little motion
  • Slovene: počasen — slow; having little motion
  • Spanish: lerdo — slow; having little motion
  • Spanish: ralentizado — slow; having little motion
  • Turkish: aheste — slow; having little motion
  • Turkish: ağır — slow; having little motion
  • Finnish: jähmeä — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Finnish: verkkainen — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • French: rétamé — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • French: naze — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • German: schleppend — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • German: lahm — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • German: kraftlos — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Central Kurdish: بێ تاقەت (bê taqet) — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Māori: tūrūruhi — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Māori: pōngenge — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Portuguese: inerte — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Russian: неповоротливый (nepovorotlivyj) — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Russian: инертный (inertnyj) — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Slovene: šibek — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Spanish: desganado — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Spanish: apagado — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Turkish: durgun — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Turkish: tutuk — having no power to move oneself or itself; inert
  • Finnish: hidas — characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple
  • Finnish: hidasälyinen — characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple
  • Finnish: verkkainen — characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple
  • Ancient Greek: νωθρός (nōthrós) — characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple
  • Portuguese: devagar — characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple
  • Russian: заторможенный (zatormožennyj) — characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple
  • Spanish: tarado — characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple
  • Spanish: pendejo — characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple
  • Turkish: miskin — characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple
  • Turkish: tutuk — characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple
Real reading context

sluggish in complete knowledge articles