Standard Lemma guide

snark

name · noun · verb · 9 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • snärk
  • /snɑː(ɹ)k/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -ɑː(ɹ)k

1

name

Meaning 1

A fictional animal in Lewis Carroll’s The Hunting of the Snark.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

name

Meaning 2

A ketch built by Jack London named after Lewis Carroll's poem The Hunting of the Snark

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

an attitude or expression of mocking irreverence and sarcasm.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: sarcasm, snideness

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

The fictional creature of Lewis Carroll's poem, used allusively to refer to fruitless quest or search.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: literary

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

A graph in which every node has three branches, and the edges cannot be coloured in fewer than four colours without two edges of the same colour meeting at a point.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: mathematics, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

A fluke or unrepeatable result or detection in an experiment.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: particle

Topics: natural-sciences, physical-sciences, physics

Examples

  • Cabrera's Valentine's Day monopole detection or some extremely energetic cosmic rays could be examples of snarks.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

noun

Meaning 7

Acronym of succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: abbreviation, acronym, alt-of

Topics: computing, cryptography, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, sciences

Examples

  • 2019, Anca Nitulescu, Lattice-Based Zero-Knowledge SNARGs for Arithmetic Circuits, Peter Schwabe, Nicolas Thériault (editors), Progress in Cryptology – LATINCRYPT 2019: 6th International Conference, Proceedings, Springer, LNCS 11774, page 223, SNARG vs. SNARK. If we replace the computational soundness with computational Knowledge Soundness we obtain what we call a SNARK, a succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge.
  • 2020, Fuyuki Kitagawa, Takahiro Matsuda, Takashi Yamakawa, NIZK from SNARG, Rafael Pass, Krzysztof Pietrzak (editors), Theory of Cryptography: 18th International Conference, Proceedings, Part I, Springer, LNCS 12550, page 568, Actually, what is often used in blockchains is a SNARK [4], which is a stronger variant of a SNARG that satisfies extractability.
  • 2023, Matteo Campanelli, Chaya Ganesh, Hamidreza Khoshakhlagh, Janno Siim, Impossibilities in Succinct Arguments: Black-Box Extraction and More, Nadia El Mrabet, Luca De Feo, Sylvain Duquesne (editors), Progress in Cryptology - AFRICACRYPT 2023: 14th International Conference, Proceedings, Springer, LNCS 14064, page 467, Whether we can build SNARKs with black-box extraction in the standard model is an elusive problem. [...] In particular, we show that a SNARG can be lifted to a SNARK with the features above for the class of languages FewP (roughly, NP with polynomial many witnesses).

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

verb

Meaning 8

To express oneself in a snarky fashion.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

verb

Meaning 9

To snort.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

History

Etymology

Coined by Lewis Carroll as a nonce word in The Hunting of the Snark (1874). According to Beatrice Hatch, Carroll created this word as a blend of snail + shark.

Noun sense “snide remark” as back-formation from snarky (1906), from obsolete snark (“to snore, snort”, verb) (1866), from Middle English *snarken (“to snore”), from Proto-West Germanic *snarkōn, equivalent to snore + -k. Compare Low German snarken, North Frisian snarke, Swedish snarka, German schnarchen, and English snort and snore. Of Germanic origin, but ultimately onomatopoeic.

From Snark, coined by Lewis Carroll as a nonce word in The Hunting of the Snark (1874), about the quest for an elusive creature. In sense of “a type of mathematical graph”, named as such in 1976 by Martin Gardner for their elusiveness.

Across languages

Translations

4 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • German: Schnark — fantastical monster
  • German: Schnatz — fantastical monster
  • Polish: Żmirłacz — fantastical monster
  • Russian: Снарк (Snark) — fantastical monster