stark

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• General-American: stärk
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• General-American: /stɑɹk/
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• Received-Pronunciation: stärk
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• Received-Pronunciation: /stɑːk/
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -ɑː(ɹ)k
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• homophone: stock (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)
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• CMU ARPABET: S T AA1 R K Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English stark, starc, from Old English stearc, starc (“stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent”), from Proto-West Germanic *stark, from Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stiff, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian sterc (“strong”), Dutch sterk (“strong”), Low German sterk (“strong”), German stark (“strong”), Danish stærk (“strong”), Swedish stark (“strong”), Norwegian sterk (“strong”), Icelandic sterkur (“strong”). Related to starch. In the phrase stark naked: an alternation of Middle English stert naked, from stert (“tail”), a literal parallel to the modern butt naked.

* As a Scottish and English surname, from the adjective stark. * As a Jewish, German, and Swedish surname, from stark (“strong”), related to the above. This surname also appears in Czech and Slovak as Štark.

From Middle English starken, from Old English stearcian (“to stiffen, become hard, grow stiff or hard”), from Proto-Germanic *starkōną, *starkēną (“to stiffen, become hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with German erstarken (“to strengthen”).

104 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Bulgarian: вкочанен (vkočanen) — (obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate
• Czech: tvrdý — (obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate
• Czech: zatvrzelý — (obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate
• Finnish: kova — (obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate
• Italian: duro — (obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate
• Italian: nudo — (obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate
• Italian: crudo — (obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate
• Occitan: dur — (obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate
• Polish: twardy — (obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate
• Polish: sztywny — (obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate
• Romanian: dur — (obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate
• Romanian: crud — (obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate
• Czech: krutý — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Czech: nepříznivý — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Czech: bouřlivý — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Finnish: ankara — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Finnish: karu — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• German: streng — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• German: gewaltig — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Italian: violento — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Italian: furioso — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Norwegian: sterk — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Polish: gwałtowny — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Romanian: violent — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Romanian: drastic — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Spanish: severo — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Spanish: duro — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Spanish: crudo — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Spanish: grave — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Spanish: fuerte — severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)
• Czech: mocný — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Czech: silný — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Danish: stærk — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Dutch: sterk — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Faroese: sterkur — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Finnish: vahva — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Finnish: väkevä — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Italian: inflessibile — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Italian: forte — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Italian: gagliardo — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Italian: robusto — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Occitan: poderós — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Occitan: vigorós — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Portuguese: duradouro — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Portuguese: vigoroso — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Romanian: puternic — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Romanian: viguros — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Slovak: silný — (archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful
• Bulgarian: гол (gol) — hard in appearance; barren, desolate
• Bulgarian: пуст (pust) — hard in appearance; barren, desolate
• Catalan: aspre — hard in appearance; barren, desolate
• Czech: pustý — hard in appearance; barren, desolate
• Esperanto: kruda — hard in appearance; barren, desolate
• Finnish: karu — hard in appearance; barren, desolate
• Italian: desolato — hard in appearance; barren, desolate
• Italian: aspro — hard in appearance; barren, desolate
• Italian: selvaggio — hard in appearance; barren, desolate
• Romanian: aspru — hard in appearance; barren, desolate
• Romanian: dezolant — hard in appearance; barren, desolate
• Spanish: descarnado — hard in appearance; barren, desolate
• Bulgarian: скован (skovan) — stiff, rigid
• Czech: tuhý — stiff, rigid
• Finnish: jäykkä — stiff, rigid
• Finnish: kankea — stiff, rigid
• German: steif — stiff, rigid
• German: fest — stiff, rigid
• German: hart — stiff, rigid
• Italian: rigido — stiff, rigid
• Italian: stecchito — stiff, rigid
• Romanian: rigid — stiff, rigid
• Spanish: rígido — stiff, rigid
• Bulgarian: пълен (pǎlen) — complete, absolute, full
• Bulgarian: абсолютен (absoljuten) — complete, absolute, full
• Chinese Mandarin: 完全的 — complete, absolute, full
• Czech: naprostý — complete, absolute, full
• Esperanto: absoluta — complete, absolute, full
• Finnish: täysi — complete, absolute, full
• Finnish: tosi — complete, absolute, full
• German: völlig — complete, absolute, full
• German: ganz — complete, absolute, full
• German: total — complete, absolute, full
• Italian: assoluto — complete, absolute, full
• Italian: completo — complete, absolute, full
• Italian: totale — complete, absolute, full
• Italian: bell'e buono — complete, absolute, full
• Italian: puro e semplice — complete, absolute, full
• Italian: vero e proprio — complete, absolute, full
• Romanian: total — complete, absolute, full
• Romanian: absolut — complete, absolute, full
• Spanish: absoluto — complete, absolute, full
• Spanish: completo — complete, absolute, full
• Spanish: drástico — complete, absolute, full
• Spanish: escueto — complete, absolute, full
• Bulgarian: напълно (napǎlno) — starkly; entirely, absolutely
• Czech: úplně — starkly; entirely, absolutely
• Czech: naprosto — starkly; entirely, absolutely
• Czech: dočista — starkly; entirely, absolutely
• Finnish: täysin — starkly; entirely, absolutely
• French: tout — starkly; entirely, absolutely
• German: völlig — starkly; entirely, absolutely
• German: total — starkly; entirely, absolutely
• Romanian: absolut — starkly; entirely, absolutely
• Romanian: în întregime — starkly; entirely, absolutely
• Spanish: completamente — starkly; entirely, absolutely