stem

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• stĕm
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• General-American, Received-Pronunciation: /stɛm/
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• US, pin-pen-merger: /stɪm/
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• Australian, New-Zealand: /stem/
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• rhymes with -ɛm
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• homophone: stim (pin–pen merger)
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• /stɛm/
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• homophone: stem
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• CMU ARPABET: S T EH1 M Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *steh2- Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Proto-Indo-European *stéh2mn̥ Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *sth2mnís Proto-Germanic *stamniz Proto-West Germanic *stamni Old English stemn Middle English stemme English stem From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn (“stem”), from Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz (“stem, tree stalk”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh2- (“to stand, stay”). Cognates Cognate with Dutch stam (“stem”), German Stamm (“stem”), Danish and Norwegian stamme (“stem”), Danish stavn, stævn (“stem of a boat”), Faroese stavnur (“stem of a boat”), stovnur (“institution, public body, foundation, basis”), Icelandic stafn (“stem of a boat”), stofn (“trunk, stock, livestock, stem”), Norn stomna, stimna (“strength, ability”), Swedish stäm (“tree trunk, stem”), stäv (“stem of a boat”), stomme (“frame, structure”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌼𐌰 (stōma, “substantial grounds, just cause”), Asturian estame (“stamen”), Aragonese estambre (“stamen”), Catalan estam (“stamen”), French étaim (“yarn”), Galician estame (“stamen, yarn”), Italian stame (“stamen”), Portuguese estame (“stem, yarn”), Spanish Spanish estambre (“stamen, a type of yarn”), Latin stāmen (“warp of a loom, thread hanging from a distaff”), Ancient Greek στῆμα (stêma, “stamen of a flower”), στάμνος (stámnos, “earthen jar, bottle for racking off wine”), Albanian shtamë (“pot, jar, pitcher, jug”), Sanskrit स्थामन् (sthā́man, “place, strength”). Doublet of stamen. Not related to English stoma, which is a Greek loan inherited through New Latin.

Acronym of science, technology, engineering, (and) mathematics.

Blend of stud + femme.

From Middle English stemmen, a borrowing from Old Norse stemma (“to stop, stem, dam”) (whence Danish stemme/stæmme (“to stem, dam up”)), from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną. Cognate with German stemmen, Middle Dutch stemmen, stempen. Compare stammer.

428 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Azerbaijani: nəsil — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Azerbaijani: soy — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Belarusian: род (rod) — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Bulgarian: род (rod) — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Finnish: sukujuuri — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Finnish: suku — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• German: Geschlecht — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• German: Stamm — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• German: Herkunft — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Hungarian: eredet — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Hungarian: származás — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Italian: ceppo — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Italian: ramo — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Italian: linea di discendenza — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Italian: linea — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Portuguese: ramo — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Russian: род (rod) — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Ukrainian: рід (rid) — stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors
• Azerbaijani: qol — branch of a family
• Finnish: haara — branch of a family
• Finnish: sukuhaara — branch of a family
• German: Zweig — branch of a family
• German: Seitenlinie — branch of a family
• Hungarian: ág — branch of a family
• Hungarian: nemzetség — branch of a family
• Italian: ceppo — branch of a family
• Italian: ramo — branch of a family
• Italian: linea — branch of a family
• Swedish: gren — branch of a family
• Finnish: johto — advanced or leading position
• Italian: vertice — advanced or leading position
• Arabic: سَاق نَبَات (sāq nabāt) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Armenian: ցողուն (cʻoġun) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Assamese: ঠাৰি (thari) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Azerbaijani: gövdə — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Basque: zurtoin — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Bats: ღერო̂ (ɣerô) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Belarusian: ствол (stvol) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Bulgarian: стъбло́ (stǎbló) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Bulgarian: стрък (strǎk) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Catalan: tall — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Catalan: tija — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Chinese Mandarin: 莖 /茎 (jīng) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Chinese Mandarin: 樹幹 /树干 (shùgàn) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Danish: stængel — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Dutch: stam — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Dutch: stengel — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Dutch: steel — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Esperanto: spiktrunko — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Finnish: varsi — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Finnish: runko — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• French: tige — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Georgian: ღერო (ɣero) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• German: Stamm — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• German: Sprossachse — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Greek: μίσχος (míschos) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Ancient Greek: καυλός (kaulós) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Hebrew: גִּבְעוֹל (giv'ol) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Higaonon: poon — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• White Hmong: kav — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Hungarian: szár — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Interlingua: stirpe — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Italian: ceppo — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Italian: fusto — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Italian: tronco — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Italian: gambo — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Japanese: 茎 (kuki) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Japanese: 幹 (miki) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Khmer: ទង (tɔɔng) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Khmer: ធាង (thiəng) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Korean: 경 (gyeong) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Northern Kurdish: qed — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Latin: stirps — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Latin: caulis — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Latvian: stiebrs — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Latvian: stiebrs — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Latvian: stumbrs — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Laz: ღერი (ğeri) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Lithuanian: stiebas — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Low German: Stamm — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Low German: Stängel — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Low German: Steel — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Macedonian: страк (strak) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Macedonian: стебло (steblo) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Macedonian: дршка (drška) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Māori: tā — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Māori: tātā — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Māori: tōtō — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Māori: kākaka — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Māori: kakau — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Minangkabau: batang — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Mingrelian: ღერი (ɣeri) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Mongolian: сүрэл (sürel) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Classical Nahuatl: quiyōtl — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Nepali: डाँठ (ḍā̃ṭh) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Norman: tigue — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Norwegian Bokmål: stengel — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Norwegian Nynorsk: stengel — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Occitan: tija — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Persian: ساقه (sâqe) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Persian: ستاک (setâk) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Plautdietsch: Staum — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Polish: badyl — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Portuguese: caule — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Romanian: tulpină — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Romanian: trunchi — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Russian: ствол (stvol) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Russian: сте́бель (stébelʹ) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Saanich: SȾESTASEs — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Serbo-Croatian: stabljika — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Slovak: steblo — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Spanish: tallo — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Svan: ღე̄რ (ɣēr) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Swahili: shina — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Swedish: stjälk — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Tagalog: punungtangkay — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Thai: ก้าน (gâan) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Tocharian B: pere — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Turkish: gövde — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Ottoman Turkish: صاپ (sap) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Ottoman Turkish: اوزدك (özdek) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Ukrainian: стебло́ (stebló) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Vietnamese: thân — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Yiddish: שטאַם (shtam) — botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant
• Bulgarian: дръ́жка (drǎ́žka) — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Finnish: vana — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Finnish: kukkavana — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Finnish: kukkavarsi — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Finnish: lehtiruoti — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Finnish: ruoti — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Finnish: ruoto — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• French: tige — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• German: Stängel — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• German: Stiel — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• German: Halm — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• German: Strunk — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Greek: κοτσάνι (kotsáni) — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Hungarian: nyél — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Hungarian: kocsány — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Hungarian: szár — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Italian: gambo — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Italian: picciolo — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Italian: peduncolo — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Italian: stelo — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Japanese: 茎 (kuki) — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Japanese: 軸 (jiku) — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Macedonian: страк (strak) — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Macedonian: стебло (steblo) — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Macedonian: дршка (drška) — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Māori: tā — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Māori: tātā — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Polish: ogonek — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Portuguese: haste — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Romanian: peduncul — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Romanian: picior — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Romanian: coadă — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Russian: черено́к (čerenók) — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Russian: цветоно́жка (cvetonóžka) — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Russian: плодоно́жка (plodonóžka) — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Slovak: stonka — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Swedish: stjälk — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Thai: ก้าน (gâan) — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Ottoman Turkish: صاپ (sap) — slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant
• Bulgarian: дръ́жка (drǎ́žka) — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Finnish: varsi — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Finnish: jalka — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• German: Stiel — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• German: Holm — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Hungarian: szár — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Italian: gambo — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Italian: stelo — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Japanese: 軸 (jiku) — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Japanese: 柄 (e) — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Macedonian: дршка (drška) — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Māori: kakau — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Norwegian Bokmål: stett — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Polish: cybuch — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Russian: сте́ржень (stérženʹ) — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Spanish: vástago — narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects
• Arabic: أَصْل (ʔaṣl) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Armenian: հիմք (himkʻ) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Assamese: ঠাৰি (thari) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Azerbaijani: kök — linguistics: main part of a word
• Belarusian: асно́ва (asnóva) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Belarusian: ко́рань (kóranʹ) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Breton: pennrann — linguistics: main part of a word
• Bulgarian: ко́рен (kóren) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Catalan: arrel — linguistics: main part of a word
• Chinese Mandarin: 詞幹 /词干 (cígàn) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Czech: kmen — linguistics: main part of a word
• Danish: stamme — linguistics: main part of a word
• Dutch: stam — linguistics: main part of a word
• Dutch: grondwoord — linguistics: main part of a word
• Esperanto: stamo — linguistics: main part of a word
• Estonian: tüvi — linguistics: main part of a word
• Finnish: vartalo — linguistics: main part of a word
• French: racine — linguistics: main part of a word
• French: radical — linguistics: main part of a word
• German: Wortstamm — linguistics: main part of a word
• German: Stamm — linguistics: main part of a word
• Greek: θέμα (théma) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Hungarian: tő — linguistics: main part of a word
• Hungarian: szótő — linguistics: main part of a word
• Hungarian: igető — linguistics: main part of a word
• Indonesian: kata dasar — linguistics: main part of a word
• Ingrian: sananpohja — linguistics: main part of a word
• Italian: tema — linguistics: main part of a word
• Italian: radice — linguistics: main part of a word
• Japanese: 語幹 (gokan) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Khmer: មូលសព្ទ (muullaʼsap) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Korean: 어간 (eogan) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Latvian: celms — linguistics: main part of a word
• Lithuanian: kamienas — linguistics: main part of a word
• Macedonian: основа (osnova) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Eastern Mari: муттӱҥ (muttüŋ) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Norwegian Bokmål: stamme — linguistics: main part of a word
• Occitan: raiç — linguistics: main part of a word
• Occitan: radical — linguistics: main part of a word
• Persian: ستاک (setâk) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Polish: rdzeń — linguistics: main part of a word
• Polish: temat — linguistics: main part of a word
• Portuguese: radical — linguistics: main part of a word
• Romanian: temă — linguistics: main part of a word
• Russian: осно́ва (osnóva) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Serbo-Croatian: о̏снова — linguistics: main part of a word
• Serbo-Croatian: ȍsnova — linguistics: main part of a word
• Slovak: koreň — linguistics: main part of a word
• Slovene: osnova — linguistics: main part of a word
• Spanish: raíz — linguistics: main part of a word
• Swedish: ordstam — linguistics: main part of a word
• Swedish: stam — linguistics: main part of a word
• Turkish: gövde — linguistics: main part of a word
• Ukrainian: осно́ва (osnóva) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Ukrainian: ко́рінь (kórinʹ) — linguistics: main part of a word
• Uzbek: negiz — linguistics: main part of a word
• Welsh: bôn — linguistics: main part of a word
• Finnish: pystyviiva — typography: vertical stroke of a letter
• Finnish: kirjainrunko — typography: vertical stroke of a letter
• Hungarian: szár — typography: vertical stroke of a letter
• Russian: но́жка (nóžka) — typography: vertical stroke of a letter
• Chinese Mandarin: 符桿 /符杆 (fúgǎn) — music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music
• Finnish: varsi — music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music
• German: Notenhals — music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music
• Hungarian: szár — music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music
• Indonesian: tangkai not — music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music
• Italian: asta — music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music
• Italian: gamba — music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music
• Manx: arbyl — music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music
• Swedish: notskaft — music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music
• Bulgarian: форщевен (foršteven) — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Catalan: roda — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Danish: stævn — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Dutch: voorsteven — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Faroese: stevni — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Finnish: keulavannas — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Finnish: kokkapuu — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Finnish: steevi — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• French: étrave — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Galician: roda — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• German: Vordersteven — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• German: Vorsteven — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• German: Steven — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Hungarian: hajóorr — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Hungarian: orr — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Icelandic: stefni — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Indonesian: stem — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Italian: ruota di prua — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Italian: dritto di prua — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Italian: tagliamare — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Norman: êtâne — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Norwegian Nynorsk: framstamn — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Polish: stewa — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Portuguese: talha-mar — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Russian: нос (nos) — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Russian: форште́вень (forštévenʹ) — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Slovak: prova — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Spanish: roda — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Swedish: stäv — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Swedish: förstäv — nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel
• Czech: představec — Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork
• Dutch: stuurpen — Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork
• Finnish: ohjainkannatin — Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork
• French: potence — Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork
• German: Vorbau — Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork
• Spanish: potencia — Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork
• Spanish: tija de manillar — Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork
• Spanish: vástago — Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork
• Armenian: ԳՏՃՄ (GTČM) — acronym of science, technology, engineering, mathematics
• Chinese Mandarin: 理工科 (lǐgōngkē) — acronym of science, technology, engineering, mathematics
• Finnish: luma — acronym of science, technology, engineering, mathematics
• French: STIM — acronym of science, technology, engineering, mathematics
• German: MINT — acronym of science, technology, engineering, mathematics
• Indonesian: STEM — acronym of science, technology, engineering, mathematics
• Norwegian: MNT — acronym of science, technology, engineering, mathematics
• Spanish: CTIM — acronym of science, technology, engineering, mathematics
• Bulgarian: махам дръжките (maham drǎžkite) — to remove the stem from
• Dutch: ontstelen — to remove the stem from
• Dutch: ontnerven — to remove the stem from
• Finnish: poistaa varsi — to remove the stem from
• French: équeuter — to remove the stem from
• German: entstielen — to remove the stem from
• Hungarian: szárától megfoszt — to remove the stem from
• Hungarian: szártalanít — to remove the stem from
• Russian: отделя́ть — to remove the stem from
• Slovak: koreniť — to remove the stem from
• Swedish: härleda — to remove the stem from
• Swedish: ta ut stam — to remove the stem from
• Azerbaijani: törəmək — to be caused or derived
• Azerbaijani: qaynaqlanmaq — to be caused or derived
• Bulgarian: произхождам (proizhoždam) — to be caused or derived
• Czech: pramenit z — to be caused or derived
• Czech: pocházet — to be caused or derived
• Czech: odvozovat se — to be caused or derived
• Finnish: johtua — to be caused or derived
• Finnish: aiheutua — to be caused or derived
• Finnish: olla peräisin — to be caused or derived
• Finnish: periytyä — to be caused or derived
• French: résulter — to be caused or derived
• French: découler — to be caused or derived
• German: kommen von — to be caused or derived
• German: herrühren von — to be caused or derived
• German: sich begründen auf — to be caused or derived
• German: seine Ursache haben in — to be caused or derived
• German: verursacht werden — to be caused or derived
• Hungarian: ered — to be caused or derived
• Italian: derivare (da) — to be caused or derived
• Japanese: 発端とする (hottan to suru) — to be caused or derived
• Macedonian: потекнува (poteknuva) — to be caused or derived
• Māori: take — to be caused or derived
• Norwegian Bokmål: forårsake — to be caused or derived
• Occitan: venir de — to be caused or derived
• Occitan: provenir — to be caused or derived
• Occitan: derivar — to be caused or derived
• Polish: wywodzić się — to be caused or derived
• Portuguese: derivar — to be caused or derived
• Portuguese: originar — to be caused or derived
• Russian: происходи́ть (proisxodítʹ) — to be caused or derived
• Russian: произойти́ (proizojtí) — to be caused or derived
• Slovak: byť sposobený — to be caused or derived
• Slovak: byť zapríčinený — to be caused or derived
• Slovak: koreniť — to be caused or derived
• Spanish: arrancar [de] — to be caused or derived
• Spanish: venir [de] — to be caused or derived
• Spanish: proceder [de] — to be caused or derived
• Spanish: dimanar [de] — to be caused or derived
• Spanish: resultar [de] — to be caused or derived
• Spanish: ser ocasionado [por] — to be caused or derived
• Spanish: provenir [de] — to be caused or derived
• Spanish: derivar [de] — to be caused or derived
• Spanish: derivarse [de] — to be caused or derived
• Spanish: ser producto [de] — to be caused or derived
• Spanish: surgir [de] — to be caused or derived
• Spanish: emanar [de] — to be caused or derived
• Swedish: stamma — to be caused or derived
• Swedish: härstamma — to be caused or derived
• Swedish: härröra — to be caused or derived
• Azerbaijani: törəmək — to descend in a family line
• Azerbaijani: nəslindən olmaq — to descend in a family line
• Czech: pocházet — to descend in a family line
• Estonian: põlvnema — to descend in a family line
• Finnish: polveutua — to descend in a family line
• French: provenir — to descend in a family line
• German: stammen — to descend in a family line
• German: abstammen — to descend in a family line
• German: herstammen — to descend in a family line
• Hungarian: származik — to descend in a family line
• Italian: discendere — to descend in a family line
• Macedonian: потекнува (poteknuva) — to descend in a family line
• Occitan: descendre — to descend in a family line
• Portuguese: descender — to descend in a family line
• Russian: происходи́ть (proisxodítʹ) — to descend in a family line
• Russian: произойти́ (proizojtí) — to descend in a family line
• Slovak: pochádzať — to descend in a family line
• Spanish: descender — to descend in a family line
• Swedish: stamma — to descend in a family line
• Finnish: ohjata kohti (jotakin) — to direct the stem of a ship against something
• Bulgarian: тараня (taranja) — to hit with the stem of a ship; to ram
• Finnish: puskea — to hit with the stem of a ship; to ram
• Finnish: täyttää edestä — to ram something into a blasting hole
• Finnish: tehdä esitäyttö — to ram something into a blasting hole
• Bulgarian: заприщвам (zaprištvam) — to stop, hinder
• Bulgarian: преграждам (pregraždam) — to stop, hinder
• Dutch: stoppen — to stop, hinder
• Dutch: hinderen — to stop, hinder
• Dutch: stelpen — to stop, hinder
• Finnish: padota — to stop, hinder
• Finnish: seisauttaa — to stop, hinder
• Finnish: tyrehdyttää — to stop, hinder
• French: arrêter — to stop, hinder
• German: aufhalten — to stop, hinder
• German: hemmen — to stop, hinder
• German: entgegenstemmen — to stop, hinder
• German: eindämmen — to stop, hinder
• German: stillen — to stop, hinder
• German: gegen etwas ankämpfen — to stop, hinder
• Greek: σταματώ (stamató) — to stop, hinder
• Hungarian: elállít — to stop, hinder
• Hungarian: leállít — to stop, hinder
• Hungarian: meggátol — to stop, hinder
• Hungarian: megakaszt — to stop, hinder
• Irish: coisc — to stop, hinder
• Italian: arrestare — to stop, hinder
• Italian: tamponare — to stop, hinder
• Japanese: 堰止める (sekitomeru) — to stop, hinder
• Persian: بند آوردن (band âvardan) — to stop, hinder
• Polish: tamować — to stop, hinder
• Portuguese: parar — to stop, hinder
• Russian: проти́виться (protívitʹsja) — to stop, hinder
• Russian: заде́рживать (zadérživatʹ) — to stop, hinder
• Russian: ока́зывать сопротивле́ние (okázyvatʹ soprotivlénije) — to stop, hinder
• Russian: препя́тствовать (prepjátstvovatʹ) — to stop, hinder
• Swedish: stoppa — to stop, hinder
• Swedish: hejda — to stop, hinder
• Swedish: hindra — to stop, hinder
• Swedish: stämma — to stop, hinder
• Swedish: dämma — to stop, hinder
• Bulgarian: карам на рало (karam na ralo) — skiing: to point the skis inward
• Czech: plužit — skiing: to point the skis inward
• Czech: zaplužit — skiing: to point the skis inward
• Finnish: aurata — skiing: to point the skis inward
• French: faire le chasse-neige — skiing: to point the skis inward
• German: im Schneepflug fahren — skiing: to point the skis inward
• German: ausstemmen — skiing: to point the skis inward
• Hungarian: fékez — skiing: to point the skis inward
• Italian: aprire lo spazzaneve — skiing: to point the skis inward
• Japanese: シュテムする (shutemu suru) — skiing: to point the skis inward
• Russian: тормози́ть "плу́гом" (tormozítʹ "plúgom") — skiing: to point the skis inward
• Swedish: ploga — skiing: to point the skis inward