verb · 7 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Pronunciation
Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.
/ˈstɛɹɪlaɪz/
/ˈstɛɹəlaɪz/
Southern-England:Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
CMU ARPABET:S T EH1 R AH0 L AY2 Z
Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
1
verb
Meaning 1
To deprive of the ability to procreate.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: British, English, Oxford, US, transitive
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
2
verb
Meaning 2
To make unable to produce; to make unprofitable.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: British, English, Oxford, US, transitive
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
3
verb
Meaning 3
To kill, deactivate (denature), or destroy (break apart) all living, viable microorganisms and spores on a surface, in a fluid, or contained in a compound, such as culture media or a medical product.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: British, English, Oxford, US, transitive
Topics: biology, natural-sciences
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
4
verb
Meaning 4
To render a planet like Earth permanently uninhabitable to all life, including even microbes, causing their complete extinction.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: British, English, Oxford, US, transitive
Topics: astronomy, natural-sciences
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
5
verb
Meaning 5
To redact (a document), removing classified or sensitive material.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: British, English, Oxford, US, transitive
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
6
verb
Meaning 6
make infertile
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
in some countries, people with genetically transmissible disabilites are sterilized
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: sterilise
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: disinfect
Narrower terms: autoclave
History
Etymology
Etymology tree English sterile Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor. Late Latin -izōder. Middle French -iserbor. Middle English -isen English -ize English sterilize From sterile + -ize.
Across languages
Translations
52 source translations are retained for this English entry.
Catalan:
esterilitzar
— disable ability to procreate
Czech:
sterilizovat
— disable ability to procreate
Dutch:
steriliseren
— disable ability to procreate
Esperanto:
steriligi
— disable ability to procreate
Finnish:
steriloida
— disable ability to procreate
French:
stériliser
— disable ability to procreate
Galician:
esterilizar
— disable ability to procreate
German:
sterilisieren
— disable ability to procreate
German:
kastrieren
— disable ability to procreate
Greek:
στειρώνω
(steiróno)
— disable ability to procreate
Hungarian:
sterilizál
— disable ability to procreate
Icelandic:
gelda
— disable ability to procreate
Irish:
aimridigh
— disable ability to procreate
Italian:
sterilizzare
— disable ability to procreate
Latin:
sterilizare
— disable ability to procreate
Malay:
mandulkan
— disable ability to procreate
Māori:
whakamūhore
— disable ability to procreate
Polish:
sterylizować
— disable ability to procreate
Portuguese:
esterilizar
— disable ability to procreate
Russian:
стерилизова́ть
(sterilizovátʹ)
— disable ability to procreate
Russian:
простерилизова́ть
(prosterilizovátʹ)
— disable ability to procreate
Spanish:
esterilizar
— disable ability to procreate
Swedish:
sterilisera
— disable ability to procreate
Vietnamese:
triệt sản
— disable ability to procreate
Finnish:
steriloida
— make unable to produce; make unprofitable
Bulgarian:
обеззаразявам
(obezzarazjavam)
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Bulgarian:
стерилизирам
(steriliziram)
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Catalan:
esterilitzar
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Chinese Mandarin:
消毒
(xiāodú)
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Czech:
sterilizovat
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Esperanto:
steriligi
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Finnish:
steriloida
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
French:
stériliser
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Galician:
esterilizar
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
German:
sterilisieren
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
German:
entkeimen
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Greek:
αποστειρώνω
(aposteiróno)
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Hebrew:
חיטא \ חִטֵּא
(khité)
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Hungarian:
sterilizál
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Hungarian:
fertőtlenít
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Hungarian:
csíramentesít
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Icelandic:
sótthreinsa
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Irish:
steiriligh
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Japanese:
殺菌する
(sakkin suru)
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Korean:
살균하다
(salgyunhada)
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Polish:
sterylizować
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Portuguese:
esterilizar
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Russian:
стерилизова́ть
(sterilizovátʹ)
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Russian:
простерилизова́ть
(prosterilizovátʹ)
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Spanish:
esterilizar
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Vietnamese:
tiệt trùng
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
Vietnamese:
khử trùng
— (biology) to destroy all spores or germs