Standard Lemma guide

sterilize

verb · 7 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ˈstɛɹɪlaɪz/
  • /ˈstɛɹəlaɪz/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: S T EH1 R AH0 L AY2 Z Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

verb

Meaning 1

To deprive of the ability to procreate.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: British, English, Oxford, US, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

verb

Meaning 2

To make unable to produce; to make unprofitable.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: British, English, Oxford, US, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

verb

Meaning 3

To kill, deactivate (denature), or destroy (break apart) all living, viable microorganisms and spores on a surface, in a fluid, or contained in a compound, such as culture media or a medical product.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: British, English, Oxford, US, transitive

Topics: biology, natural-sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

verb

Meaning 4

To render a planet like Earth permanently uninhabitable to all life, including even microbes, causing their complete extinction.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: British, English, Oxford, US, transitive

Topics: astronomy, natural-sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

verb

Meaning 5

To redact (a document), removing classified or sensitive material.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: British, English, Oxford, US, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

verb

Meaning 6

make infertile

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • in some countries, people with genetically transmissible disabilites are sterilized

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: sterilise, desex, unsex, desexualize, desexualise, fix

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: operate on, operate

Narrower terms: alter, neuter, spay, castrate, emasculate, demasculinize, demasculinise, vasectomize, vasectomise

7

verb

Meaning 7

make free from bacteria

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: sterilise

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: disinfect

Narrower terms: autoclave

History

Etymology

Etymology tree English sterile Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor. Late Latin -izōder. Middle French -iserbor. Middle English -isen English -ize English sterilize From sterile + -ize.

Across languages

Translations

52 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Catalan: esterilitzar — disable ability to procreate
  • Czech: sterilizovat — disable ability to procreate
  • Dutch: steriliseren — disable ability to procreate
  • Esperanto: steriligi — disable ability to procreate
  • Finnish: steriloida — disable ability to procreate
  • French: stériliser — disable ability to procreate
  • Galician: esterilizar — disable ability to procreate
  • German: sterilisieren — disable ability to procreate
  • German: kastrieren — disable ability to procreate
  • Greek: στειρώνω (steiróno) — disable ability to procreate
  • Hungarian: sterilizál — disable ability to procreate
  • Icelandic: gelda — disable ability to procreate
  • Irish: aimridigh — disable ability to procreate
  • Italian: sterilizzare — disable ability to procreate
  • Latin: sterilizare — disable ability to procreate
  • Malay: mandulkan — disable ability to procreate
  • Māori: whakamūhore — disable ability to procreate
  • Polish: sterylizować — disable ability to procreate
  • Portuguese: esterilizar — disable ability to procreate
  • Russian: стерилизова́ть (sterilizovátʹ) — disable ability to procreate
  • Russian: простерилизова́ть (prosterilizovátʹ) — disable ability to procreate
  • Spanish: esterilizar — disable ability to procreate
  • Swedish: sterilisera — disable ability to procreate
  • Vietnamese: triệt sản — disable ability to procreate
  • Finnish: steriloida — make unable to produce; make unprofitable
  • Bulgarian: обеззаразявам (obezzarazjavam) — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Bulgarian: стерилизирам (steriliziram) — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Catalan: esterilitzar — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Chinese Mandarin: 消毒 (xiāodú) — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Czech: sterilizovat — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Esperanto: steriligi — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Finnish: steriloida — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • French: stériliser — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Galician: esterilizar — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • German: sterilisieren — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • German: entkeimen — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Greek: αποστειρώνω (aposteiróno) — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Hebrew: חיטא \ חִטֵּא (khité) — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Hungarian: sterilizál — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Hungarian: fertőtlenít — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Hungarian: csíramentesít — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Icelandic: sótthreinsa — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Irish: steiriligh — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Japanese: 殺菌する (sakkin suru) — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Korean: 살균하다 (salgyunhada) — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Polish: sterylizować — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Portuguese: esterilizar — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Russian: стерилизова́ть (sterilizovátʹ) — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Russian: простерилизова́ть (prosterilizovátʹ) — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Spanish: esterilizar — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Vietnamese: tiệt trùng — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs
  • Vietnamese: khử trùng — (biology) to destroy all spores or germs