struggle

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• UK, US: /ˈstɹʌɡəl/
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• UK, US: [ˈstɹʌɡl̩]
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -ʌɡəl
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• CMU ARPABET: S T R AH1 G AH0 L Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English struglen, stroglen, strogelen, of obscure origin. Cognate with Scots strugil (“to struggle, grapple, contend”). Perhaps from a variant of *strokelen, *stroukelen (> English stroll), from Middle Dutch struyckelen ("to stumble, trip, falter"; > Modern Dutch struikelen), the frequentative form of Old Dutch *strūkon (“to stumble”), from Proto-Germanic *strūkōną, *strūkēną (“to be stiff”), from Proto-Indo-European *strug-, *ster- (“to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall”), related to Middle Low German strûkelen ("to stumble"; > Low German strükeln), Old High German strūhhēn, strūhhōn ("to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray"; > German strauchen, straucheln). Alternative etymology derives the base of struggle from Old Norse strúgr (“arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will”) + -le (frequentative suffix), from Proto-Germanic *strūkaz (“stiff, rigid”), ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European root above, which would make it cognate with dialectal Swedish strug (“contention, strife, discord”), Norwegian stru (“obstinate, unruly”), Danish struende (“reluctantly”), Scots strug (“difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task”).

250 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Esperanto: barakto — contortion of the body
• Afrikaans: stryd — strife, effort
• Albanian: luftë — strife, effort
• Albanian: përleshje — strife, effort
• Arabic: كِفَاح (kifāḥ) — strife, effort
• Arabic: نِضَال (niḍāl) — strife, effort
• Arabic: جِهَاد (jihād) — strife, effort
• Arabic: مُبَارَزَة (mubāraza) — strife, effort
• Arabic: قِتَال (qitāl) — strife, effort
• Armenian: պայքար (paykʻar) — strife, effort
• Azerbaijani: mübarizə — strife, effort
• Bashkir: көрәш (körəş) — strife, effort
• Basque: borroka — strife, effort
• Belarusian: барацьба́ (baracʹbá) — strife, effort
• Belarusian: змага́нне (zmahánnje) — strife, effort
• Belarusian: бой (boj) — strife, effort
• Belarusian: бі́тва (bítva) — strife, effort
• Bulgarian: борба́ (borbá) — strife, effort
• Bulgarian: би́тка (bítka) — strife, effort
• Bulgarian: бой (boj) — strife, effort
• Burmese: တိုက်ပွဲ (tuikpwai:) — strife, effort
• Catalan: lluita — strife, effort
• Chinese Mandarin: 掙扎 (zhēngzhá) — strife, effort
• Chinese Mandarin: 奮鬥 /奋斗 (fèndòu) — strife, effort
• Chinese Mandarin: 鬥爭 /斗争 (dòuzhēng) — strife, effort
• Czech: zápas — strife, effort
• Czech: boj — strife, effort
• Czech: bitva — strife, effort
• Danish: kamp — strife, effort
• Dutch: gevecht — strife, effort
• Dutch: strijd — strife, effort
• Esperanto: lukto — strife, effort
• Estonian: lahing — strife, effort
• Finnish: taistelu — strife, effort
• French: lutte — strife, effort
• Galician: loita — strife, effort
• Galician: breiga — strife, effort
• Galician: liorta — strife, effort
• Galician: lea — strife, effort
• Galician: baralla — strife, effort
• Georgian: ჭიდილი (č̣idili) — strife, effort
• German: Kampf — strife, effort
• German: Gefecht — strife, effort
• German: Struggle — strife, effort
• Greek: αγώνας (agónas) — strife, effort
• Hebrew: מַאֲבָק (maaváq) — strife, effort
• Hindi: संघर्ष (saṅgharṣ) — strife, effort
• Hindi: लड़ाई (laṛāī) — strife, effort
• Hungarian: küzdelem — strife, effort
• Hungarian: küszködés — strife, effort
• Hungarian: igyekezet — strife, effort
• Hungarian: erőfeszítés — strife, effort
• Hungarian: harc — strife, effort
• Hungarian: viaskodás — strife, effort
• Icelandic: barátta — strife, effort
• Indonesian: ulet — strife, effort
• Irish: sníomh — strife, effort
• Italian: lotta — strife, effort
• Japanese: 奮闘 (funtō) — strife, effort
• Japanese: 闘争 (tōsō) — strife, effort
• Japanese: 戦い (tatakai) — strife, effort
• Kazakh: күрес (küres) — strife, effort
• Korean: 분투 (buntu) — strife, effort
• Korean: 투쟁 (tujaeng) — strife, effort
• Korean: 고투 (gotu) — strife, effort
• Korean: 싸움 (ssaum) — strife, effort
• Central Kurdish: خەبات (xebat) — strife, effort
• Kyrgyz: күрөш (küröş) — strife, effort
• Latvian: cīņa — strife, effort
• Lithuanian: kova — strife, effort
• Macedonian: борба (borba) — strife, effort
• Macedonian: битка (bitka) — strife, effort
• Macedonian: бој (boj) — strife, effort
• Malayalam: പോരാട്ടം (pōrāṭṭaṁ) — strife, effort
• Māori: hōkariri — strife, effort
• Māori: tawhetatanga — strife, effort
• Māori: nonoke — strife, effort
• Māori: takaoraoratanga — strife, effort
• Māori: takaoraora — strife, effort
• Māori: tāruketanga — strife, effort
• Māori: nonoketanga — strife, effort
• Mongolian: тэмцэл (temcel) — strife, effort
• Norwegian Bokmål: kamp — strife, effort
• Norwegian Bokmål: dragkamp — strife, effort
• Norwegian Nynorsk: kamp — strife, effort
• Norwegian Nynorsk: dragkamp — strife, effort
• Persian: پیکار (peykâr) — strife, effort
• Persian: مبارزه (mobâreze) — strife, effort
• Polish: walka — strife, effort
• Polish: bój — strife, effort
• Polish: bitwa — strife, effort
• Portuguese: luta — strife, effort
• Romanian: luptă — strife, effort
• Russian: борьба́ (borʹbá) — strife, effort
• Russian: бой (boj) — strife, effort
• Russian: би́тва (bítva) — strife, effort
• Scottish Gaelic: iomairt — strife, effort
• Serbo-Croatian: бо̀рба — strife, effort
• Serbo-Croatian: би̏тка — strife, effort
• Serbo-Croatian: бо̑ј — strife, effort
• Serbo-Croatian: bòrba — strife, effort
• Serbo-Croatian: bȉtka — strife, effort
• Serbo-Croatian: bȏj — strife, effort
• Slovak: zápas — strife, effort
• Slovak: boj — strife, effort
• Slovak: bitka — strife, effort
• Slovene: borba — strife, effort
• Slovene: boj — strife, effort
• Spanish: lucha — strife, effort
• Spanish: forcejeo — strife, effort
• Spanish: brega — strife, effort
• Spanish: bregadura — strife, effort
• Spanish: renqueo — strife, effort
• Swedish: kamp — strife, effort
• Tajik: мубориза (muboriza) — strife, effort
• Tajik: пайкор (paykor) — strife, effort
• Tajik: муҳориба (muhoriba) — strife, effort
• Tajik: талош (taloš) — strife, effort
• Tajik: ҷанг (jang) — strife, effort
• Tamil: போராட்டம் (pōrāṭṭam) — strife, effort
• Tatar: көрәш (köräş) — strife, effort
• Telugu: పోరాటం (pōrāṭaṁ) — strife, effort
• Thai: การดิ้นรน (gaan-dîn-ron) — strife, effort
• Tocharian B: weta — strife, effort
• Turkish: mücadele — strife, effort
• Turkish: vuruşma — strife, effort
• Turkmen: göreş — strife, effort
• Ukrainian: боротьба́ (borotʹbá) — strife, effort
• Ukrainian: бій (bij) — strife, effort
• Ukrainian: би́тва (býtva) — strife, effort
• Uyghur: كۈرەش (küresh) — strife, effort
• Uzbek: kurash — strife, effort
• Vietnamese: (cuộc) đấu tranh — strife, effort
• Yiddish: קאַמף (kamf) — strife, effort
• Arabic: كافح — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Arabic: جَاهَدَ (jāhada) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Arabic: نَاضَلَ (nāḍala) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Armenian: պայքարել (paykʻarel) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Azerbaijani: mübarizə etmək — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Azerbaijani: mübarizə aparmaq — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Azerbaijani: vuruşmaq — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Azerbaijani: döyüşmək — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Azerbaijani: çarpışmaq — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Azerbaijani: mücadilə aparmaq — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Basque: borrokatu — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Belarusian: бі́цца (bícca) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Belarusian: змага́цца (zmahácca) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Bulgarian: боря́ се (borjá se) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Bulgarian: би́я се (bíja se) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Catalan: lluitar — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Chinese Mandarin: 奮鬥 /奋斗 (fèndòu) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Czech: zápasit — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Danish: kæmpe — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Dutch: vechten — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Dutch: worstelen — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Dutch: moeite hebben — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Esperanto: lukti — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Finnish: ponnistella — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Finnish: kamppailla — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• French: lutter — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• French: s'efforcer — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• French: combattre — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Galician: breigar — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Galician: loitar — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Galician: combater — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Galician: rifar — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• German: sich durchbeißen — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• German: sich schwer tun — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• German: struggeln — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Ancient Greek: ἀπορέω (aporéō) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Hindi: जूझना (jūjhnā) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Hungarian: küzd — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Hungarian: harcol — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Hungarian: viaskodik — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Hungarian: küszködik — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Hungarian: erőlködik — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Hungarian: igyekszik — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Indonesian: kerja keras — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Irish: streachail — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Italian: lottare — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Japanese: 闘争する (tōsō suru) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Japanese: 奮闘する (funtō suru) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Korean: 몸부림치다 (momburimchida) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Korean: 투쟁(鬪爭)하다 (tujaenghada) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Korean: 싸우다 (ssauda) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Central Kurdish: تێکۆشان (têkoşan) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Central Kurdish: خەبات (xebat) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Latin: dīmicō — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Latin: nītor — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Latin: luctor — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Macedonian: се бори (se bori) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Maltese: ssielet — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Maltese: tqabad — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Maltese: tqatel — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Maltese: ġġieled — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Māori: nonoke — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Māori: takaoraora — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Māori: tāruke — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Māori: oke — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Māori: okeoke — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Māori: parawhetawheta — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Mongolian: тэмцэх (temcex) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Norwegian: slåss — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Norwegian: kjempe — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Norwegian: slite streve — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Old English: winnan — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Old English: flītan — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Persian: چخیدن (čaxidan) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Polish: walczyć — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Polish: bić się — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Portuguese: lutar — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Portuguese: debater-se — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Romanian: lupta — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Romanian: zbate — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Russian: боро́ться (borótʹsja) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Russian: сража́ться (sražátʹsja) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Russian: би́ться (bítʹsja) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Russian: дра́ться (drátʹsja) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Serbo-Croatian: борити се — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Serbo-Croatian: boriti se — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Sicilian: cummàttiri — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Sicilian: luttari — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Sicilian: travagghiari — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Sicilian: lavurari — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Slovak: bojovať — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Slovak: biť sa — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Slovene: boriti se — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Spanish: luchar — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Spanish: esforzarse con denuedo — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Spanish: bregar — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Spanish: batallar — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Spanish: pugnar — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Swedish: kämpa — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Thai: ดิ้นรน (dîn-ron) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Turkish: mücadele etmek — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Ukrainian: боро́тися (borótysja) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Ukrainian: би́тися (býtysja) — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Uzbek: kurashmoq — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Vietnamese: đấu tranh — to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight
• Esperanto: barakti — to make efforts with twisting or contortions of the body
• Turkish: çırpınmak — to make efforts with twisting or contortions of the body
• Ukrainian: пруча́тися (pručátysja) — to make efforts with twisting or contortions of the body
• Spanish: sufrir — to have difficulty with something
• Spanish: padecer — to have difficulty with something
• Spanish: costarle — to have difficulty with something
• Spanish: renquear — to have difficulty with something
• Spanish: vérselas y deseárselas — to have difficulty with something
• Spanish: verse y desearse — to have difficulty with something
• Spanish: pasarlas negras — to have difficulty with something
• Spanish: pasarlas moradas — to have difficulty with something