sturdy

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• Received-Pronunciation: /ˈstɜːdi/
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• General-American: /ˈstɜrdi/
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -ɜː(ɹ)di
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• CMU ARPABET: S T ER1 D IY0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English sturdy, stourdy, stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”) (perhaps influenced by Middle English sture, stoure, stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”); see English stour), from Old French estourdi (“dazed”), form of estourdir, originally “to daze, to make tipsy (almost drunk)” (Modern French étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)), from Vulgar Latin *exturdire. Latin etymology is unclear – presumably it is ex- + turdus (“thrush (bird)”), but how this should mean “daze” is unclear. A speculative theory is that thrushes eat leftover winery grapes and thus became drunk, but this meets with objections. Disease in cows and sheep is by extension of sense of “daze”, while sense of “strongly built” is of late 14th century, and relationship to earlier sense is less clear, perhaps from sense of a firm strike (causing a daze) or a strong, violent person.

A nickname from Middle English stourdy (“bold, valiant, reckless”).

124 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Armenian: ամրակազմ (amrakazm) — of firm build
• Azerbaijani: möhkəm — of firm build
• Azerbaijani: davamlı — of firm build
• Bulgarian: здрав (zdrav) — of firm build
• Bulgarian: силен (silen) — of firm build
• Catalan: robust — of firm build
• Chinese Mandarin: 堅固 /坚固 (jiāngù) — of firm build
• Chinese Mandarin: 結實 /结实 (jiēshi) — of firm build
• Czech: robustní — of firm build
• Czech: masivní — of firm build
• Czech: statný — of firm build
• Czech: bytelný — of firm build
• Czech: pevný — of firm build
• Dutch: solide — of firm build
• Dutch: stevig — of firm build
• Dutch: robuust — of firm build
• Finnish: vanttera — of firm build
• Finnish: jykevä — of firm build
• Finnish: roima — of firm build
• Finnish: roteva — of firm build
• Finnish: tanakka — of firm build
• Finnish: tukeva — of firm build
• Finnish: vankka — of firm build
• French: solide — of firm build
• German: robust — of firm build
• Hungarian: robusztus — of firm build
• Irish: cruadhéanta — of firm build
• Italian: solido — of firm build
• Italian: solida — of firm build
• Italian: robusto — of firm build
• Italian: quercia — of firm build
• Japanese: 頑丈な (ganjō na) — of firm build
• Japanese: 丈夫な (jōbu na) — of firm build
• Korean: 튼튼하다 (teunteunhada) — of firm build
• Latvian: stingrs — of firm build
• Latvian: stiprs — of firm build
• Lithuanian: tvirtas — of firm build
• Macedonian: цврст (cvrst) — of firm build
• Macedonian: кру́пен (krúpen) — of firm build
• Macedonian: си́лен (sílen) — of firm build
• Macedonian: здрав (zdrav) — of firm build
• Māori: pakari — of firm build
• Māori: tōtōpū — of firm build
• Occitan: robust — of firm build
• Occitan: solid — of firm build
• Old Norse: harðgǫrr — of firm build
• Polish: mocny — of firm build
• Polish: solidny — of firm build
• Polish: silny — of firm build
• Portuguese: firme — of firm build
• Russian: кре́пкий (krépkij) — of firm build
• Russian: дю́жий (djúžij) — of firm build
• Russian: здоро́вый (zdoróvyj) — of firm build
• Russian: си́льный (sílʹnyj) — of firm build
• Scottish Gaelic: tapaidh — of firm build
• Scottish Gaelic: brogach — of firm build
• Serbo-Croatian: krúpan — of firm build
• Serbo-Croatian: snážan — of firm build
• Serbo-Croatian: čvȓst — of firm build
• Spanish: recio — of firm build
• Spanish: sólido — of firm build
• Spanish: robusto — of firm build
• Spanish: fuerte — of firm build
• Swedish: robust — of firm build
• Swedish: stabil — of firm build
• Swedish: rejäl — of firm build
• Thai: กํายํา (gam-yam) — of firm build
• Turkish: sağlam — of firm build
• Vietnamese: kết thật — of firm build
• Armenian: ամրակազմ (amrakazm) — solid in structure or person
• Chinese Mandarin: 結實 /结实 (jiēshi) — solid in structure or person
• Chinese Mandarin: 強壯 /强壮 (qiángzhuàng) — solid in structure or person
• Czech: robustní — solid in structure or person
• Czech: statný — solid in structure or person
• Czech: solidní — solid in structure or person
• Czech: pevný — solid in structure or person
• Dutch: stoer — solid in structure or person
• Dutch: potig — solid in structure or person
• Finnish: jykevä — solid in structure or person
• Finnish: tukeva — solid in structure or person
• Finnish: vankka — solid in structure or person
• French: costaud — solid in structure or person
• French: robuste — solid in structure or person
• French: solide — solid in structure or person
• German: stabil — solid in structure or person
• Italian: robusto — solid in structure or person
• Italian: robusta — solid in structure or person
• Latvian: stingrs — solid in structure or person
• Lithuanian: tvirtas — solid in structure or person
• Macedonian: цврст (cvrst) — solid in structure or person
• Macedonian: си́лен (sílen) — solid in structure or person
• Macedonian: кру́пен (krúpen) — solid in structure or person
• Macedonian: со́лиден (sóliden) — solid in structure or person
• Māori: pūngerungeru — solid in structure or person
• Māori: tōtōpū — solid in structure or person
• Old Norse: harðgǫrr — solid in structure or person
• Persian: تنومند (tanumand) — solid in structure or person
• Plautdietsch: forsch — solid in structure or person
• Polish: mocny — solid in structure or person
• Polish: solidny — solid in structure or person
• Polish: silny — solid in structure or person
• Polish: niezachwiany — solid in structure or person
• Portuguese: robusto — solid in structure or person
• Russian: соли́дный (solídnyj) — solid in structure or person
• Russian: мо́щный (móščnyj) — solid in structure or person
• Scottish Gaelic: tapaidh — solid in structure or person
• Scottish Gaelic: brogach — solid in structure or person
• Serbo-Croatian: krúpan — solid in structure or person
• Serbo-Croatian: snážan — solid in structure or person
• Serbo-Croatian: čvȓst — solid in structure or person
• Spanish: recio — solid in structure or person
• Spanish: sólido — solid in structure or person
• Swedish: robust — solid in structure or person
• Swedish: solid — solid in structure or person
• Swedish: motståndskraftig — solid in structure or person
• Swedish: stabil — solid in structure or person
• Thai: กํายํา (gam-yam) — solid in structure or person
• Thai: ล่ําสัน (lâm-sǎn) — solid in structure or person
• Turkish: sağlam — solid in structure or person
• Czech: pevný — stubborn
• German: stur — stubborn
• German: verstockt — stubborn
• Bulgarian: въртоглавие (vǎrtoglavie) — disease in sheep and cattle
• Serbo-Croatian: mètīlj — disease in sheep and cattle