Standard Lemma guide

subsume

verb · 4 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • UK: /səbˈsjuːm/
  • US: /səbˈsuːm/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -uːm

1

verb

Meaning 1

To place (any one cognition) under another as belonging to it; to include or contain something else.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Examples

  • Near-synonym: comprise
  • March 14, 2018, Roger Penrose writing in The Guardian, Mind over matter': Stephen Hawking – obituary A few years later (in a paper published by the Royal Society in 1970, by which time Hawking had become a fellow “for distinction in science” of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge), he and I joined forces to publish an even more powerful theorem which subsumed almost all the work in this area that had gone before.
  • 1961: J. A. Philip. Mimesis in the Sophistês of Plato. In: Proceedings and Transactions of the American Philological Association 92. p. 453--468. no allusion is made to forms because Plato is subsuming under the class of productive crafts both divine and human imitation;

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: comprise

Antonyms: none provided

2

verb

Meaning 2

To consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: colligate

Antonyms: none provided

3

verb

Meaning 3

consider (an instance of something) as part of a general rule or principle

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: colligate

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: include

4

verb

Meaning 4

contain or include

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • This new system subsumes the old one

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: include

History

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin subsūmere, from sub- + sūmō (“to take”). Compare English consume.

Across languages

Translations

56 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Catalan: subsumir — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Chinese Mandarin: 歸入 /归入 (guīrù) — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Czech: začlenit — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Czech: včlenit — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Czech: zařadit — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Dutch: onderbrengen — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Dutch: plaatsen in — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Finnish: sisällyttää — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Finnish: liittää — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Finnish: subsumoida — to place under another as belonging to it
  • French: subsumer — to place under another as belonging to it
  • French: impliquer — to place under another as belonging to it
  • German: einordnen — to place under another as belonging to it
  • German: fassen — to place under another as belonging to it
  • German: klassifizieren — to place under another as belonging to it
  • German: subsumieren — to place under another as belonging to it
  • German: zusammenfassen — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Greek: υπάγω (ypágo) — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Greek: εντάσσω (entásso) — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Irish: fo-ghlac — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Italian: classificare — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Italian: includere — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Italian: contenere — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Polish: włączać — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Polish: włączyć — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Polish: ujmować — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Polish: ująć — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Portuguese: classificar — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Portuguese: incluir — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Portuguese: subordinar — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Russian: включа́ть в какую-л. категорию (vključátʹ v kakuju-l. kategoriju) — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Serbo-Croatian: подво̀дити — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Serbo-Croatian: укључи́вати — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Serbo-Croatian: podvòditi — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Serbo-Croatian: uključívati — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Spanish: subsumir — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Swedish: sammanfatta — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Turkish: içine almak — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Turkish: dâhil etmek — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Turkish: ihtivâ etmek — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Turkish: kapsamak — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Turkish: sınıflandırmak — to place under another as belonging to it
  • Bulgarian: отнасям към (otnasjam kǎm) — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • Dutch: veralgemenen — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • Dutch: verenigen — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • Finnish: liittää — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • Finnish: subsumoida — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • French: généraliser — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • French: rejoindre — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • French: colliger — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • German: verbinden — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • German: vereinigen — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • Polish: generalizować — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • Polish: uogólniać — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • Polish: uogólnić — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule
  • Spanish: subsumir — to consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule