Standard Lemma guide

sudden

adj · adv · noun · 6 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ˈsʌd.ən/
  • [ˈsʌd.n̩]
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -ʌdən
  • CMU ARPABET: S AH1 D AH0 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

Occurring quickly with little or no warning or expectation; instantly.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • The sudden drop in temperature left everyone cold and confused.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

adj

Meaning 2

Hastily prepared or employed; quick; rapid.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

adj

Meaning 3

Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

adv

Meaning 4

Suddenly.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: poetic

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

An unexpected occurrence; a surprise.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

adjective

Meaning 6

happening without warning or in a short space of time

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • a sudden storm
  • a sudden decision
  • a sudden cure

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: gradual

History

Etymology

From Middle English sodeyn, sodain, from Anglo-Norman sodein, from Old French sodain, subdain (“immediate, sudden”), from Vulgar Latin *subitānus (“sudden”), from Latin subitāneus (“sudden”), from subitus (“sudden", literally, "that which has come stealthily”), originally the past participle of subīre (“to come or go stealthily”), from sub (“under”) + īre (“go”). Doublet of subitaneous. Displaced native Old English fǣrlīċ.

Across languages

Translations

99 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: مُبَاغِت (mubāḡit) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Arabic: مُفَاجِئ (mufājiʔ) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Armenian: հանկարծակի (hankarcaki) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Armenian: անակնկալ (anaknkal) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Azerbaijani: qəfil — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Belarusian: рапто́ўны (raptówny) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Bulgarian: внезапен (vnezapen) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Catalan: sobtat — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Cebuano: kalit — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Chinese Mandarin: 突然 (tūrán) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Chinese Mandarin: 急劇 /急剧 (jíjù) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Czech: náhlý — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Danish: brat — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Danish: pludselig — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Dutch: plotseling — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Dutch: plotselinge — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Esperanto: subita — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Estonian: äkiline — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Finnish: yhtäkkinen — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Finnish: äkillinen — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • French: soudain — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • French: subit — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Galician: repentino — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Galician: súbito — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • German: plötzlich — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • German: jäh — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Greek: ξαφνικός (xafnikós) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Ancient Greek: αἰφνίδιος (aiphnídios) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Haitian Creole: sibit — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Hebrew: פתאומי (pit'omi) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Hungarian: hirtelen — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Icelandic: skyndilegur — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Irish: tobann — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Italian: improvviso — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Japanese: 突然の (totsuzen no) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Khmer: ភ្លាម (phliəm) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Korean: 급격한 (geupgyeok-han) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Latgalian: ūms — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Latgalian: pieškys — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Latin: subitus — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Latin: repentinus — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Latin: repens — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Latvian: pēkšņs — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Latvian: spējš — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Latvian: straujš — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Livonian: aššõ — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Macedonian: ненадеен (nenadeen) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Macedonian: нагол (nagol) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Malayalam: പെട്ടെന്ന് (peṭṭennŭ) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Māori: ohotata — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Māori: whawhati tata — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Māori: matawhawhati — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Mongolian: гэнэт (genet) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Mongolian: ᢉᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Norwegian Bokmål: brått — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Norwegian Bokmål: plutselig — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: brått — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: plutseleg — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Occitan: subte — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Old English: fǣrlīċ — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Polish: nagły — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Portuguese: repentino — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Portuguese: súbito — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Romanian: subit — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Romanian: brusc — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Romanian: neașteptat — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Romanian: neprevăzut — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Russian: неожи́данный (neožídannyj) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Russian: внеза́пный (vnezápnyj) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Samoan: fa'afuase'i — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Scottish Gaelic: obann — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Scottish Gaelic: grad — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Serbo-Croatian: ȉznenādan — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Serbo-Croatian: nȅnādan — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Serbo-Croatian: nágao — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Slovak: náhly — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Spanish: repentino — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Spanish: súbito — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Spanish: brusco — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Spanish: subitáneo — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Swahili: ghafla — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Swedish: plötslig — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Swedish: abrupt — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Tagalog: biglaan — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Tagalog: kagyat — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Tagalog: kaagad — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Tagalog: bigla — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Tagalog: mabilis — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Tagalog: kaginsa-ginsa — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Telugu: హఠాత్తుగా (haṭhāttugā) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Telugu: అకస్మాత్తుగా (akasmāttugā) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Thai: กะทันหัน (gà-tan-hǎn) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Tongan: fakatuʻupakē — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Turkish: ani — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Ukrainian: рапто́вий (raptóvyj) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Ukrainian: несподі́ваний (nespodívanyj) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Ukrainian: на́глий (náhlyj) — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Vietnamese: thình lình — happening quickly and with little or no warning
  • Vietnamese: đột ngột — happening quickly and with little or no warning
Real reading context

sudden in complete knowledge articles