adj · adv · noun · 6 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Pronunciation
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/ˈsʌd.ən/
[ˈsʌd.n̩]
US:Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
rhymes with -ʌdən
CMU ARPABET:S AH1 D AH0 N
Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
1
adj
Meaning 1
Occurring quickly with little or no warning or expectation; instantly.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Examples
The sudden drop in temperature left everyone cold and confused.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
2
adj
Meaning 2
Hastily prepared or employed; quick; rapid.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: obsolete
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
3
adj
Meaning 3
Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: obsolete
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
4
adv
Meaning 4
Suddenly.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: poetic
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
5
noun
Meaning 5
An unexpected occurrence; a surprise.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: obsolete
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
6
adjective
Meaning 6
happening without warning or in a short space of time
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
a sudden storm
a sudden decision
a sudden cure
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: gradual
History
Etymology
From Middle English sodeyn, sodain, from Anglo-Norman sodein, from Old French sodain, subdain (“immediate, sudden”), from Vulgar Latin *subitānus (“sudden”), from Latin subitāneus (“sudden”), from subitus (“sudden", literally, "that which has come stealthily”), originally the past participle of subīre (“to come or go stealthily”), from sub (“under”) + īre (“go”). Doublet of subitaneous. Displaced native Old English fǣrlīċ.
Across languages
Translations
99 source translations are retained for this English entry.
Arabic:
مُبَاغِت
(mubāḡit)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Arabic:
مُفَاجِئ
(mufājiʔ)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Armenian:
հանկարծակի
(hankarcaki)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Armenian:
անակնկալ
(anaknkal)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Azerbaijani:
qəfil
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Belarusian:
рапто́ўны
(raptówny)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Bulgarian:
внезапен
(vnezapen)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Catalan:
sobtat
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Cebuano:
kalit
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Chinese Mandarin:
突然
(tūrán)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Chinese Mandarin:
急劇 /急剧
(jíjù)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Czech:
náhlý
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Danish:
brat
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Danish:
pludselig
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Dutch:
plotseling
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Dutch:
plotselinge
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Esperanto:
subita
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Estonian:
äkiline
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Finnish:
yhtäkkinen
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Finnish:
äkillinen
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
French:
soudain
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
French:
subit
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Galician:
repentino
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Galician:
súbito
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
German:
plötzlich
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
German:
jäh
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Greek:
ξαφνικός
(xafnikós)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Ancient Greek:
αἰφνίδιος
(aiphnídios)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Haitian Creole:
sibit
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Hebrew:
פתאומי
(pit'omi)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Hungarian:
hirtelen
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Icelandic:
skyndilegur
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Irish:
tobann
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Italian:
improvviso
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Japanese:
突然の
(totsuzen no)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Khmer:
ភ្លាម
(phliəm)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Korean:
급격한
(geupgyeok-han)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Latgalian:
ūms
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Latgalian:
pieškys
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Latin:
subitus
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Latin:
repentinus
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Latin:
repens
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Latvian:
pēkšņs
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Latvian:
spējš
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Latvian:
straujš
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Livonian:
aššõ
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Macedonian:
ненадеен
(nenadeen)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Macedonian:
нагол
(nagol)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Malayalam:
പെട്ടെന്ന്
(peṭṭennŭ)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Māori:
ohotata
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Māori:
whawhati tata
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Māori:
matawhawhati
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Mongolian:
гэнэт
(genet)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Mongolian:
ᢉᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Norwegian Bokmål:
brått
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Norwegian Bokmål:
plutselig
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Norwegian Nynorsk:
brått
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Norwegian Nynorsk:
plutseleg
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Occitan:
subte
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Old English:
fǣrlīċ
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Polish:
nagły
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Portuguese:
repentino
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Portuguese:
súbito
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Romanian:
subit
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Romanian:
brusc
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Romanian:
neașteptat
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Romanian:
neprevăzut
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Russian:
неожи́данный
(neožídannyj)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Russian:
внеза́пный
(vnezápnyj)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Samoan:
fa'afuase'i
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Scottish Gaelic:
obann
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Scottish Gaelic:
grad
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Serbo-Croatian:
ȉznenādan
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Serbo-Croatian:
nȅnādan
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Serbo-Croatian:
nágao
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Slovak:
náhly
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Spanish:
repentino
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Spanish:
súbito
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Spanish:
brusco
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Spanish:
subitáneo
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Swahili:
ghafla
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Swedish:
plötslig
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Swedish:
abrupt
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Tagalog:
biglaan
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Tagalog:
kagyat
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Tagalog:
kaagad
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Tagalog:
bigla
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Tagalog:
mabilis
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Tagalog:
kaginsa-ginsa
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Telugu:
హఠాత్తుగా
(haṭhāttugā)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Telugu:
అకస్మాత్తుగా
(akasmāttugā)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Thai:
กะทันหัน
(gà-tan-hǎn)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Tongan:
fakatuʻupakē
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Turkish:
ani
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Ukrainian:
рапто́вий
(raptóvyj)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Ukrainian:
несподі́ваний
(nespodívanyj)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Ukrainian:
на́глий
(náhlyj)
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Vietnamese:
thình lình
— happening quickly and with little or no warning
Vietnamese:
đột ngột
— happening quickly and with little or no warning