Standard Lemma guide

sullen

adj · noun · verb · 10 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • sŭlʹən
  • /ˈsʌlən/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -ʌlən
  • CMU ARPABET: S AH1 L AH0 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

Having a brooding ill temper; sulky.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: sulky, morose, broody

Antonyms: cheerful, content, lighthearted, pleased

2

adj

Meaning 2

Gloomy; dismal; foreboding.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • a sullen atmosphere

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: forlorn, melancholy, cheerless, comfortless, bleak, dark, morose, depressing, desolate, dire, disconsolate, dismal, doleful, dolesome, drear, drearisome, dreary, dreich, gayless, gray, gloomsome, gloomy, grim, joyless, lack-laughter, lugubrious, mirthless, miserable, no joke, saturnine, solemn, somber, sombre, spiritless, sullen, sunless, uncheerful, uncheery, unhappy, unmerry, wintry, woeful, atrabiliary, atrabilious, blitheless, dispirited, blue, bummed out, chapfallen, chopfallen, crestfallen, cut up, damp, dejected, depressed, despondent, disgruntled, disheartened, down, down in the dumps, down in the mouth, downcast, downhearted, downsome, dull, elegiac, elegious, glum, grief-stricken, grieving, heavy-hearted, heartsore, heartsick, inconsolable, infelicitous, jawfallen, lachrymose, lamentful, low, low-spirited, lumpish, melancholic, moody, mopey, mournful, passionate, plaintive, Plutonian, Plutonic, querulous, ruthful, sad, saddened, shattered, sorrowful, sorrow-ridden, sorrowsome, threnetic, threnetical, triste, tristful, unconsolable, unlively, wistful, woe, woebegone, wretched

Antonyms: none provided

3

adj

Meaning 3

Sluggish; slow.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: ponderous, stately, crawling, slack, slow-moving, languid, languorous, draggy, tardy, creeping, dreich, gastropodous, glacial, heavy-footed, inching, inert, labored, leaden, lead-footed, lethargic, low-speed, lumbering, plodding, pokey, slothlike, slow, slow as a snail, slow as Christmas, slow as molasses, slow as molasses in January, slowfooted, sluggish, steady, subglacial, sullen, tardigrade, tedious, testudineous, torpid, turtleish, turtlesque, unspeedy

Antonyms: none provided

4

adj

Meaning 4

Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: malevolent, ominous, abandoned, arrant, bad, bad apple, bad seed, baleful, scurrilous, baneful, base, black-hearted, dark, deleterious, demonic, depraved, despicable, detrimental, devilish, diabolical, evil, evil-minded, facinorous, flagitious, harmful, heinous, ill-intentioned, ill-natured, immoral, incorrigible, iniquitous, iniquous, injurious, knavish, malefic, maleficent, malicious, malign, malignant, naughty, nefarious, niddering, nidering, niding, nithing, no-good, peccaminous, pernicious, reprehensible, reprobate, satanic, scathful, sinful, sinister, sordid, sullen, ungodly, unholy, vicious, vile, villainous, wicked, wrong, augurous, bodeful, boding, dire, disastrous, divine, fatal, foreboding, ill-boding, ill-fated, ill-omened, ill-starred, inauspicate, inauspicious, nefastous, omenic, brooding, portentous, presageful, presagious, prodigious, star-crossed

Antonyms: none provided

5

adj

Meaning 5

Obstinate; intractable.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: inflexible, persistent, adamant, ardent, grim, bent on, bloody-minded, bullheaded, certain, chronic, confirmed, determined, diehard, dogged, hard-hearted, hard-nosed, hardheaded, headstrong, immovable, incalcitrant, irrefragable, insistent, intractable, intransigent, intrepid, inveterate, mulish, obdurate, obstinate, obstreperous, peevish, peremptory, pertinacious, pigheaded, recalcitrant, refractory, resolute, resolved, rigid, self-willed, stalwart, staunch, steadfast, steady, stubborn, stubborn as a mule, sullen, tenacious, terminal, thran, thwart, tough, truculent, unbending, uncompromising, unyielding, vehement, wilful, willful

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: archaic

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: loner, shut-in, aloner, anchoret, anchorite, eremite, hermit, Miller of Dee, monk, recluse, solitary, sullen

Antonyms: none provided

7

noun

Meaning 7

Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: in-plural

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: glumps, mope

Antonyms: none provided

8

verb

Meaning 8

To make sullen.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

adjective satellite

Meaning 9

darkened by clouds

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • a heavy sky

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: heavy, lowering, threatening

Antonyms: none provided

10

adjective satellite

Meaning 10

showing a brooding ill humor- Bruce Bliven

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • a dark scowl
  • the proverbially dour New England Puritan
  • a glum, hopeless shrug
  • he sat in moody silence
  • a morose and unsociable manner
  • a saturnine, almost misanthropic young genius
  • a sour temper
  • a sullen crowd

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: dark, dour, glowering, glum, moody, morose, saturnine, sour

Antonyms: none provided

History

Etymology

From Middle English soleyn, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from "single" to morose occurred in Middle English.

Across languages

Translations

99 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Armenian: խոժոռ (xožoṙ) — having a brooding ill temper
  • Bulgarian: мрачен (mračen) — having a brooding ill temper
  • Bulgarian: навъсен (navǎsen) — having a brooding ill temper
  • Catalan: esquerp — having a brooding ill temper
  • Catalan: sorrut — having a brooding ill temper
  • Catalan: malhumorat — having a brooding ill temper
  • Czech: mrzutý — having a brooding ill temper
  • Czech: nevrlý — having a brooding ill temper
  • Danish: vrangvillig — having a brooding ill temper
  • Danish: mut — having a brooding ill temper
  • Dutch: gemelijk — having a brooding ill temper
  • Dutch: nors — having a brooding ill temper
  • Finnish: nyreä — having a brooding ill temper
  • Finnish: yrmeä — having a brooding ill temper
  • Finnish: ynseä — having a brooding ill temper
  • Finnish: juro — having a brooding ill temper
  • French: maussade — having a brooding ill temper
  • French: morose — having a brooding ill temper
  • Galician: túzaro — having a brooding ill temper
  • German: mürrisch — having a brooding ill temper
  • German: schlecht gelaunt — having a brooding ill temper
  • German: sauer — having a brooding ill temper
  • German: missmutig — having a brooding ill temper
  • German: übellaunig — having a brooding ill temper
  • German: unfreundlich — having a brooding ill temper
  • German: verdrießlich — having a brooding ill temper
  • German: grämlich — having a brooding ill temper
  • German: unzufrieden — having a brooding ill temper
  • Ancient Greek: σκυθρωπός (skuthrōpós) — having a brooding ill temper
  • Ancient Greek: βαρύθυμος (barúthumos) — having a brooding ill temper
  • Irish: doicheallach — having a brooding ill temper
  • Italian: afflitto — having a brooding ill temper
  • Italian: astioso — having a brooding ill temper
  • Central Kurdish: گرژ (girj) — having a brooding ill temper
  • Māori: whakamokeke — having a brooding ill temper
  • Māori: haumaruru — having a brooding ill temper
  • Māori: tukumaru — having a brooding ill temper
  • Māori: whakarikiriki — having a brooding ill temper
  • Middle English: soleyn — having a brooding ill temper
  • Occitan: ernhós — having a brooding ill temper
  • Plautdietsch: prunsch — having a brooding ill temper
  • Portuguese: carrancudo — having a brooding ill temper
  • Russian: угрю́мый (ugrjúmyj) — having a brooding ill temper
  • Scottish Gaelic: gruamach — having a brooding ill temper
  • Serbo-Croatian: мрзовољан — having a brooding ill temper
  • Serbo-Croatian: mrzovoljan — having a brooding ill temper
  • Spanish: hosco — having a brooding ill temper
  • Spanish: huraño — having a brooding ill temper
  • Spanish: fosco — having a brooding ill temper
  • Swedish: surmulen — having a brooding ill temper
  • Swedish: trumpen — having a brooding ill temper
  • Armenian: մռայլ (mṙayl) — dismal
  • Bulgarian: зловещ (zlovešt) — dismal
  • Czech: pochmurný — dismal
  • Czech: bezútěšný — dismal
  • Czech: zasmušilý — dismal
  • Danish: mørk — dismal
  • Danish: dyster — dismal
  • Dutch: somber — dismal
  • Finnish: synkeä — dismal
  • French: morne — dismal
  • German: düster — dismal
  • German: traurig — dismal
  • German: finster — dismal
  • German: trostlos — dismal
  • German: trübselig — dismal
  • German: fade — dismal
  • German: trüb — dismal
  • German: kläglich — dismal
  • German: trübe — dismal
  • German: miserabel — dismal
  • German: jämmerlich — dismal
  • German: trist — dismal
  • German: trübsinnig — dismal
  • German: griesgrämig — dismal
  • Italian: tetro — dismal
  • Italian: cupo — dismal
  • Italian: disarmante — dismal
  • Māori: pōkē — dismal
  • Māori: pōkēkē — dismal
  • Māori: tukumaru — dismal
  • Norwegian: muggen — dismal
  • Norwegian: utilfreds — dismal
  • Norwegian: trist — dismal
  • Portuguese: sombrio — dismal
  • Russian: печа́льный (pečálʹnyj) — dismal
  • Scottish Gaelic: gruamach — dismal
  • Serbo-Croatian: суморан — dismal
  • Serbo-Croatian: sumoran — dismal
  • Danish: treven — sluggish
  • Dutch: traag — sluggish
  • French: lent — sluggish
  • Galician: lento — sluggish
  • German: träge — sluggish
  • German: lahm — sluggish
  • German: zäh — sluggish
  • Italian: lento — sluggish
  • Italian: pigro — sluggish
  • Portuguese: lento — sluggish