Standard Lemma guide

supernumerary

adj · noun · 12 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˌsuːpəˈnjuːm(ə)ɹ(ə)ɹi/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • General-American: /ˌsupɚˈn(j)uməˌɹɛɹi/

1

adj

Meaning 1

Greater in number than.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

adj

Meaning 2

Beyond the prescribed or standard amount or number; excess, extra.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: epactal

Antonyms: none provided

3

adj

Meaning 3

Beyond the prescribed or standard amount or number; excess, extra.

Of an organ or structure: additional to what is normally present.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable, specifically

Topics: biology, natural-sciences

Examples

  • a supernumerary nipple; a supernumerary tooth

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: epactal, supranumerary

Antonyms: none provided

4

adj

Meaning 4

Beyond what is necessary; redundant.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: superfluous, unnecessary, unneeded, unwanted

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

A person who works in a group, association, or public office without forming part of the regular staff (the numerary).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • The judge was a supernumerary, helping the regular judges whenever there was a surplus amount of work.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

An extra or walk-on, often non-speaking, in a film or play; a spear carrier.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: broadcasting, entertainment, film, lifestyle, media, television, theater

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: supe, super

Antonyms: none provided

7

noun

Meaning 7

Something which is beyond the prescribed or standard amount or number.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

noun

Meaning 8

An animal which has not formed a pair bond and is therefore single.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: biology, natural-sciences, zoology

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

noun

Meaning 9

A married man or woman who is a secular member of Opus Dei, a Roman Catholic religious institution.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: Catholicism, Christianity, Roman-Catholicism

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

10

adjective satellite

Meaning 10

more than is needed, desired, or required

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • trying to lose excess weight
  • found some extra change lying on the dresser
  • yet another book on heraldry might be thought redundant
  • skills made redundant by technological advance
  • sleeping in the spare room
  • supernumerary ornamentation
  • it was supererogatory of her to gloat
  • delete superfluous (or unnecessary) words
  • extra ribs as well as other supernumerary internal parts
  • surplus cheese distributed to the needy

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: excess, extra, redundant, spare, supererogatory, superfluous, surplus

Antonyms: none provided

11

noun

Meaning 11

a minor actor in crowd scenes

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: spear carrier, extra

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: actor, histrion, player, thespian, role player

12

noun

Meaning 12

a person serving no apparent function

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • reducing staff is difficult because our employees include no supernumeraries

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: person, individual, someone, somebody, mortal, soul

History

Etymology

From Late Latin supernumerarius (“extra soldier added to a legion; supernumerary”), from super (“above; beyond”) + numerus (“number; collection, quantity”) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns or numerals). The word is analysable as super- + numeral + -ary.

Across languages

Translations

49 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Bulgarian: излишен (izlišen) — greater in number than
  • Bulgarian: в повече (v poveče) — greater in number than
  • Hungarian: nagyobb számú — greater in number than
  • Polish: większy — greater in number than
  • Finnish: ylimääräinen — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • French: surnuméraire — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • French: en surnombre — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Galician: supernumerario — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Galician: supernumeraria — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Hungarian: létszámon felüli — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Hungarian: létszám feletti — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Hungarian: plusz — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Hungarian: számfeletti — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Italian: soprannumero — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Italian: soprannumerario — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Italian: soprannumeraria — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Polish: nadliczbowy — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Polish: nadmiarowy — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Romanian: supranumerar — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Sanskrit: अधिक (adhika) — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Sanskrit: अग्र (agra) — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Serbo-Croatian: prekobrojan — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Spanish: supernumerario — beyond the prescribed or standard amount
  • Bulgarian: ненужен (nenužen) — beyond what is necessary — see also redundant
  • French: en trop — beyond what is necessary — see also redundant
  • French: en surnombre — beyond what is necessary — see also redundant
  • Hungarian: fölös — beyond what is necessary — see also redundant
  • Polish: nadliczbowy — beyond what is necessary — see also redundant
  • Polish: nadmiarowy — beyond what is necessary — see also redundant
  • Polish: zbyteczny — beyond what is necessary — see also redundant
  • Polish: zbędny — beyond what is necessary — see also redundant
  • Belarusian: пазашта́тны (pazaštátny) — person who works in a group without forming part of the regular staff
  • Dutch: surnumerair — person who works in a group without forming part of the regular staff
  • Dutch: boventallige — person who works in a group without forming part of the regular staff
  • French: surnuméraire — person who works in a group without forming part of the regular staff
  • French: suppléant — person who works in a group without forming part of the regular staff
  • Latin: supernumerarius — person who works in a group without forming part of the regular staff
  • Polish: pracownik nieetatowy — person who works in a group without forming part of the regular staff
  • Polish: pracownica nieetatowa — person who works in a group without forming part of the regular staff
  • Russian: внешта́тный (vneštátnyj) — person who works in a group without forming part of the regular staff
  • Ukrainian: позашта́тний (pozaštátnyj) — person who works in a group without forming part of the regular staff
  • Polish: statysta — extra or walk-on in a play or movie
  • Polish: statystka — extra or walk-on in a play or movie
  • Polish: nadliczbowa rzecz — something beyond the prescribed or standard amount or number
  • Serbo-Croatian: prekobrojno — something beyond the prescribed or standard amount or number
  • Spanish: supernumerario — something beyond the prescribed or standard amount or number
  • Polish: zwierzę bez pary — animal which has not formed a pair bond
  • Polish: świecki członek Opus Dei po ślubie — married member of Opus Dei
  • Polish: świecka członkini Opus Dei po ślubie — married member of Opus Dei