surge

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• US: sûrj
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• US: /sɝd͡ʒ/
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• UK: /sɜːd͡ʒ/
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• rhymes with -ɜː(ɹ)dʒ
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• homophone: serge
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• CMU ARPABET: S ER1 JH Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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The verb is from Middle English ^((please verify)) surgen, possibly from Middle French sourgir, from Old French surgir (“to rise, ride near the shore, arrive, land”), from Old Catalan surgir, from Latin surgō, contraction of surrigō, subrigō (“lift up, raise, erect; intransitive rise, arise, get up, spring up, grow, etc.”, transitive verb), from sub (“from below; up”) + regō (“to stretch”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h3réǵeti (“to straighten; right”), from the root *h3reǵ-; see regent. Doublet of source and sourd. The noun is from the verb.

From Middle English sourge, of uncertain origin. In the earliest examples, translating Old French sourgeon (modern French surgeon), from sourge- (which the Middle English term is probably from), the present stem of sourdre, from Latin surgō (“to rise”).

96 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Afrikaans: stuwing — sudden transient rush or flood
• Bulgarian: прилив (priliv) — sudden transient rush or flood
• Bulgarian: нахлуване (nahluvane) — sudden transient rush or flood
• Czech: příval — sudden transient rush or flood
• Czech: nápor — sudden transient rush or flood
• Czech: poryv — sudden transient rush or flood
• Czech: vzedmutí — sudden transient rush or flood
• Dutch: golf — sudden transient rush or flood
• Dutch: stortzee — sudden transient rush or flood
• Finnish: aalto — sudden transient rush or flood
• French: montée — sudden transient rush or flood
• French: poussée — sudden transient rush or flood
• French: vague — sudden transient rush or flood
• French: afflux — sudden transient rush or flood
• German: Aufwallung — sudden transient rush or flood
• German: Schwall — sudden transient rush or flood
• German: Welle — sudden transient rush or flood
• German: Woge — sudden transient rush or flood
• Ingrian: höökö — sudden transient rush or flood
• Italian: marea — sudden transient rush or flood
• Italian: ondata — sudden transient rush or flood
• Macedonian: наплив (napliv) — sudden transient rush or flood
• Māori: tai reporepo — sudden transient rush or flood
• Polish: napływ — sudden transient rush or flood
• Polish: przypływ — sudden transient rush or flood
• Portuguese: surto — sudden transient rush or flood
• Russian: всплеск (vsplesk) — sudden transient rush or flood
• Russian: волна́ (volná) — sudden transient rush or flood
• Slovak: nával — sudden transient rush or flood
• Slovak: príval — sudden transient rush or flood
• Spanish: aluvión — sudden transient rush or flood
• Spanish: oleada — sudden transient rush or flood
• Spanish: surgimiento — sudden transient rush or flood
• Bulgarian: скок в напрежението (skok v napreženieto) — (electricity) electrical spike
• Czech: špička — (electricity) electrical spike
• Czech: náraz — (electricity) electrical spike
• Finnish: jännitepiikki — (electricity) electrical spike
• French: montée — (electricity) electrical spike
• German: Überspannung — (electricity) electrical spike
• German: Spannungsstoß — (electricity) electrical spike
• Hungarian: túlfeszültség — (electricity) electrical spike
• Irish: borradh — (electricity) electrical spike
• Irish: borradh cumhachta — (electricity) electrical spike
• Irish: borradh leictreachais — (electricity) electrical spike
• Italian: sovraccarico — (electricity) electrical spike
• Japanese: サージ (sāji) — (electricity) electrical spike
• Polish: skok napięcia — (electricity) electrical spike
• Russian: скачо́к напряже́ния (skačók naprjažénija) — (electricity) electrical spike
• Slovak: špička — (electricity) electrical spike
• Spanish: sobretensión — (electricity) electrical spike
• Spanish: sobrecarga — (electricity) electrical spike
• Spanish: surgimiento — (electricity) electrical spike
• Swedish: överspänning — (electricity) electrical spike
• Bulgarian: вълнение (vǎlnenie) — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Czech: vzedmutí — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Czech: příval — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Finnish: maininki — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Finnish: aallokko — (nautical) swell of the sea
• French: houle — (nautical) swell of the sea
• German: Brandung — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Hebrew: גַּל נֵד (gál néd) — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Irish: borradh — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Russian: волна́ (volná) — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Russian: прибо́й (pribój) — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Slovak: príboj — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Slovak: vlnobitie — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Slovak: zdúvanie — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Spanish: oleada — (nautical) swell of the sea
• Finnish: ryntäys — (aviation) a momentary reversal of the airflow
• Finnish: pumppaus — (aviation) a momentary reversal of the airflow
• French: pompage — (aviation) a momentary reversal of the airflow
• Bulgarian: надигам се (nadigam se) — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Bulgarian: бушувам (bušuvam) — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Czech: vzedmout se — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Esperanto: impeti — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Finnish: paisua — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• French: déferler — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• German: steil ansteigen — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Māori: pōrutu — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Māori: hotu — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Slovak: nahrnúť sa — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Slovak: navaliť sa — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Spanish: dispararse — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Spanish: surgir — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Ottoman Turkish: شیشمك (şişmek) — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Ottoman Turkish: قبارمق (kabarmak) — to rush, flood, or increase suddenly
• Czech: vyrazit — to accelerate forwards, particularly suddenly
• Czech: vyrážet — to accelerate forwards, particularly suddenly
• Czech: vyřítit se — to accelerate forwards, particularly suddenly
• Czech: poskočit — to accelerate forwards, particularly suddenly
• Finnish: rynnätä — to accelerate forwards, particularly suddenly
• Galician: xurdir — to accelerate forwards, particularly suddenly
• Russian: устреми́ться (ustremítʹsja) — to accelerate forwards, particularly suddenly
• Slovak: vyraziť — to accelerate forwards, particularly suddenly
• Slovak: vyrútiť sa — to accelerate forwards, particularly suddenly
• Slovak: vyvaliť sa — to accelerate forwards, particularly suddenly