Standard Lemma guide

surmise

noun · verb · 6 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /sɜːˈmaɪz/
  • General-American: /sɚˈmaɪz/
  • Australia: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -aɪz
  • CMU ARPABET: S ER0 M AY1 Z Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

Thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • surmises of jealousy or of envy
  • This opinion, however, is merely a surmise, which may or may not be the case.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: assumption, conjecture, foreguess, given, guess, hunch, hypothesis, inference, posit, possibility, postulation, presumption, reckoning, speculation, supposition, surmise, suspicion, theory

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

Reflection; thought; posit.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

verb

Meaning 3

To imagine or suspect; to conjecture; to posit with contestable premises.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

Examples

  • If, as I surmise, you see the ladies this evening, you might mention my intended visit.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: arread, assume, fancy, conject, conjecture, daresay, dope, foreguess, go out on a limb, guess, guesstimate, hunch, hypothesize, hypotheticate, imagine, infer, overhope, posit, postulate, presume, reckon, speculate, suppose, surmise, suspect, take a stab at, take for granted, take something as read, theorize, ween

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: guess, conjecture, supposition, surmisal, speculation, hypothesis

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: opinion, view

Narrower terms: divination

5

verb

Meaning 5

infer from incomplete evidence

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: deduce, infer, deduct, derive

6

verb

Meaning 6

imagine to be the case or true or probable

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • I suspect he is a fugitive
  • I surmised that the butler did it

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: suspect

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: guess, venture, pretend, hazard

History

Etymology

From Old French surmis, past participle of surmetre, surmettre (“to accuse”), from sur- (“upon”) + metre (“to put”).

Across languages

Translations

66 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Bulgarian: предположение (predpoloženie) — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Bulgarian: догадка (dogadka) — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Chinese Mandarin: 推測 /推测 (tuīcè) — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Czech: domněnka — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Czech: dohad — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Czech: hypotéza — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Dutch: vermoeden — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Finnish: ennakkoluulo — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Finnish: otaksuma — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Finnish: oletus — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • German: Vermutung — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • German: Mutmaßung — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Hungarian: sejtés — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Hungarian: feltételezés — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Hungarian: feltevés — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Persian: انگاشت (engâšt) — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Persian: گمان (gomân) — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Persian: پندار (pendâr) — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Polish: domysł — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Portuguese: suspeita — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Russian: подозре́ние (podozrénije) — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Russian: до́мысел (dómysel) — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Russian: предположе́ние (predpoložénije) — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Slovak: domnienka — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Slovak: hypotéza — thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence
  • Finnish: ajatus — Reflection; thought; posit
  • Persian: گمان (gomân) — Reflection; thought; posit
  • Persian: اندیشه (andiše) — Reflection; thought; posit
  • Persian: بازتاب (bâztâb) — Reflection; thought; posit
  • Portuguese: imaginação — Reflection; thought; posit
  • Bulgarian: предполагам (predpolagam) — to imagine or suspect
  • Czech: domnívat se — to imagine or suspect
  • Czech: tušit — to imagine or suspect
  • Czech: hádat — to imagine or suspect
  • Dutch: gissen — to imagine or suspect
  • Dutch: vermoeden — to imagine or suspect
  • Finnish: otaksua — to imagine or suspect
  • Finnish: olettaa — to imagine or suspect
  • French: présumer — to imagine or suspect
  • French: supposer — to imagine or suspect
  • French: suspecter — to imagine or suspect
  • German: vermuten — to imagine or suspect
  • German: mutmaßen — to imagine or suspect
  • German: annehmen — to imagine or suspect
  • Hungarian: feltételez — to imagine or suspect
  • Hungarian: vél — to imagine or suspect
  • Hungarian: gyanít — to imagine or suspect
  • Italian: supporre — to imagine or suspect
  • Japanese: 推測する (suisoku suru) — to imagine or suspect
  • Māori: māharahara — to imagine or suspect
  • Norwegian Bokmål: formode — to imagine or suspect
  • Norwegian Bokmål: gjette — to imagine or suspect
  • Persian: گمان بردن (gomân bordan) — to imagine or suspect
  • Polish: domyślać się — to imagine or suspect
  • Polish: domyślić się — to imagine or suspect
  • Portuguese: suspeitar — to imagine or suspect
  • Russian: подозревать (podozrevatʹ) — to imagine or suspect
  • Russian: предполага́ть (predpolagátʹ) — to imagine or suspect
  • Russian: предположи́ть (predpoložítʹ) — to imagine or suspect
  • Spanish: suponer — to imagine or suspect
  • Spanish: conjeturar — to imagine or suspect
  • Spanish: presumir — to imagine or suspect
  • Swedish: förmoda — to imagine or suspect
  • Swedish: gissa — to imagine or suspect
  • Ukrainian: припуска́ти (prypuskáty) — to imagine or suspect
  • Ukrainian: припусти́ти (prypustýty) — to imagine or suspect