Standard Lemma guide

temperament

noun · 9 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • UK: /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹə.mənt/
  • UK: /ˈtɛm.pɹə.mənt/
  • UK: /ˈtɛm.pə.mənt/
  • US: /ˈtɛm.pɚ.ə.mənt/
  • US: /ˈtɛm.pɹə.mənt/
  • US: /ˈtɛm.pɚ.mənt/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: T EH1 M P R AH0 M AH0 N T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  • CMU ARPABET 2: T EH1 M P ER0 M AH0 N T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

A person's usual manner of thinking, behaving or reacting.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

A tendency to become irritable or angry.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

The altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Topics: entertainment, lifestyle, music

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

Individual differences in behavior that are biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Topics: human-sciences, psychology, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

A moderate and proportionable mixture of elements or ingredients in a compound; the condition in which elements are mixed in their proper proportions.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, obsolete, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

Any state or condition as determined by the proportion of its ingredients or the manner in which they are mixed; consistence, composition; mixture.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, obsolete, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

noun

Meaning 7

an adjustment of the intervals (as in tuning a keyboard instrument) so that the scale can be used to play in different keys

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: adjustment, registration, readjustment

Narrower terms: equal temperament

8

noun

Meaning 8

your usual mood

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • he has a happy disposition

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: disposition

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: nature

Narrower terms: aloneness, loneliness, lonesomeness, solitariness, animalism, physicality, bloodiness, bloodthirstiness, heart, spirit, nervousness, esprit de corps, morale, team spirit, moodiness, blood, perfectionism, permissiveness, tolerance, unpermissiveness, restrictiveness, good nature, agreeableness, agreeability, ill nature, disagreeableness, willingness, unwillingness, involuntariness, friendliness, unsociability, unsociableness, unfriendliness, composure, calm, calmness, equanimity, discomposure, optimism, pessimism, epicurism, gourmandism

9

noun

Meaning 9

excessive emotionalism or irritability and excitability (especially when displayed openly)

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: emotionality, emotionalism

History

Etymology

Inherited from Middle English temperament, borrowed from Middle French tempérament, from Latin temperāmentum.

Across languages

Translations

76 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: طَبْع (ṭabʕ) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Belarusian: тэмпэра́мент (temperámjent) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Belarusian: тэмпэра́мэнт (temperáment) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Belarusian: хара́ктар (xaráktar) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Belarusian: но́раў (nóraw) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Bulgarian: темпераме́нт (temperamént) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Bulgarian: нрав (nrav) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Catalan: temperament — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Chinese: 氣質 /气质 (zh-min-nan) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Chinese Mandarin: 氣質 /气质 (qìzhì) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Chinese Mandarin: 性格 (xìnggé) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Chinese Mandarin: 性情 (xìngqíng) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Chinese Mandarin: 脾氣 /脾气 (píqi) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Czech: temperament — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Danish: temperament — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Dutch: temperament — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Esperanto: humoro — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Esperanto: animagordo — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Esperanto: temperamento — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Finnish: luonne — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Finnish: temperamentti — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • French: tempérament — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Galician: temperamento — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Galician: tempero — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • German: Temperament — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • German: Charakter — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • German: Veranlagung — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Greek: ιδιοσυγκρασία (idiosygkrasía) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Hebrew: מֶזֶג (mézeg) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Hindi: स्वभाव (svabhāv) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Italian: temperamento — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Italian: carattere — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Japanese: 気質 (kishitsu) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Japanese: 気性 (kishō) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Japanese: 性格 (seikaku) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Kazakh: қызуқандылық (qyzuqandylyq) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Korean: 기질 (gijil) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Korean: 성격 (seonggyeok) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Latin: temperāmentum — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Norwegian Bokmål: temperament — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: temperament — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Persian: خو (xu) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Portuguese: temperamento — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Portuguese: índole — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Romanian: temperament — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Russian: темпера́мент (temperáment) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Russian: хара́ктер (xarákter) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Russian: нрав (nrav) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Scottish Gaelic: nàdar — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Spanish: temperamento — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Thai: พื้นอารมณ์แต่กําเนิด — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Ottoman Turkish: طمر (damar) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Ottoman Turkish: عرق (ʿırk) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Ottoman Turkish: طبع (tabʼ) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Ukrainian: темпера́мент (temperáment) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Ukrainian: хара́ктер (xarákter) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Ukrainian: но́ров (nórov) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Ukrainian: вда́ча (vdáča) — a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting
  • Bulgarian: раздразнителност (razdraznitelnost) — a tendency to become irritable or angry
  • Danish: temperament — a tendency to become irritable or angry
  • Dutch: temperament — a tendency to become irritable or angry
  • Finnish: temperamentti — a tendency to become irritable or angry
  • Finnish: tulisieluisuus — a tendency to become irritable or angry
  • Galician: temperamento — a tendency to become irritable or angry
  • German: Temperament — a tendency to become irritable or angry
  • Spanish: temperamento — a tendency to become irritable or angry
  • Bulgarian: темперация (temperacija) — the altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key
  • Czech: temperatura — the altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key
  • Dutch: temperament — the altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key
  • Finnish: temperointi — the altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key
  • Finnish: viritys — the altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key
  • German: Stimmung — the altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key
  • Irish: réiteacht — the altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key
  • Persian: اعتدال (e'tedâl) — the altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key
  • Bulgarian: темперамент (temperament) — psychology
  • Finnish: temperamentti — psychology
Real reading context

temperament in complete knowledge articles