Standard Lemma guide

tension

noun · verb · 13 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • General-American: /ˈtɛnʃən/
  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˈtɛnʃn̩/
  • Received-Pronunciation: tĕnʹ-shn
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -ɛnʃən
  • CMU ARPABET: T EH1 N SH AH0 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

The condition of being held in a state between two or more forces, which are acting in opposition to each other.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • My tensions with Eric over his alleged past actions have been fully resolved.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

A psychological state of being tense.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

A feeling of nervousness, excitement, or fear that is created in a movie, book, etc.; suspense.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

The state of an elastic object which is stretched in a way which increases its length.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Topics: engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, physics

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

A force transmitted through a rope, string, cable, or similar object (used with prepositions on, in, or of, e.g., "The tension in the cable is 1000 N", to convey that the same magnitude of force applies to objects attached to both ends).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Topics: engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, physics

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

Voltage.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Topics: engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, physics

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

verb

Meaning 7

To place an object in tension, to pull or place strain on.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • We tensioned the cable until it snapped.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

noun

Meaning 8

the action of stretching something tight

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • tension holds the belt in the pulleys

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: stretching

9

noun

Meaning 9

(physics) a stress that produces an elongation of an elastic physical body

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the direction of maximum tension moves asymptotically toward the direction of the shear

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: stress

10

noun

Meaning 10

feelings of hostility that are not manifest

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • he could sense her latent hostility to him
  • the diplomats' first concern was to reduce international tensions

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: latent hostility

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: hostility, enmity, antagonism

11

noun

Meaning 11

a balance between and interplay of opposing elements or tendencies (especially in art or literature)

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • there is a tension created between narrative time and movie time
  • there is a tension between these approaches to understanding history

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: balance

12

noun

Meaning 12

(psychology) a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • he suffered from fatigue and emotional tension
  • stress is a vasoconstrictor

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: tenseness, stress

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: strain, mental strain, nervous strain

Narrower terms: yips, breaking point

13

noun

Meaning 13

the physical condition of being stretched or strained

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • it places great tension on the leg muscles
  • he could feel the tenseness of her body

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: tensity, tenseness, tautness

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: condition, status

Narrower terms: tonicity, tonus, tone

History

Etymology

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ten- Proto-Indo-European *tend- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *téndeti Proto-Italic *tendō Latin tendō Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin tēnsiōder. Middle French tensionbor. English tension Borrowed from Middle French tension, from Latin tēnsiō.

Across languages

Translations

187 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Bulgarian: опъ́ване (opǎ́vane) — condition of being held in a state between two or more forces
  • Bulgarian: разтя́гане (raztjágane) — condition of being held in a state between two or more forces
  • Esperanto: tensio — condition of being held in a state between two or more forces
  • Maltese: tensjoni — condition of being held in a state between two or more forces
  • Russian: натяже́ние (natjažénije) — condition of being held in a state between two or more forces
  • Welsh: tensiwn — condition of being held in a state between two or more forces
  • Arabic: تَوَتُّر (tawattur) — psychological state
  • Armenian: լարում (larum) — psychological state
  • Bulgarian: безпоко́йство (bezpokójstvo) — psychological state
  • Catalan: tensió — psychological state
  • Chinese Mandarin: 緊張 /紧张 (jǐnzhāng) — psychological state
  • Chinese Mandarin: 不安 (bù'ān) — psychological state
  • Czech: napětí — psychological state
  • Danish: spænding — psychological state
  • Dutch: spanning — psychological state
  • Esperanto: streĉo — psychological state
  • Finnish: jännitys — psychological state
  • Finnish: jännite — psychological state
  • French: tension — psychological state
  • Georgian: დაძაბულობა (daʒabuloba) — psychological state
  • German: Spannung — psychological state
  • Ancient Greek: συντονία (suntonía) — psychological state
  • Hebrew: מֶתַח (métakh) — psychological state
  • Hindi: तनाव (tanāv) — psychological state
  • Hungarian: feszültség — psychological state
  • Ido: tenso — psychological state
  • Ido: tenseso — psychological state
  • Irish: teannas — psychological state
  • Italian: tensione — psychological state
  • Japanese: 緊張 (kinchō) — psychological state
  • Japanese: 不安 (fuan) — psychological state
  • Korean: 긴장 (ginjang) — psychological state
  • Korean: 불안 (buran) — psychological state
  • Latin: intentiō — psychological state
  • Maltese: tensjoni — psychological state
  • Māori: tanuku — psychological state
  • Norwegian Bokmål: spenning — psychological state
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: spenning — psychological state
  • Iranian Persian: تَنِش (taneš) — psychological state
  • Portuguese: tensão — psychological state
  • Romanian: tensiune — psychological state
  • Romanian: încordare — psychological state
  • Russian: напряжённость (naprjažónnostʹ) — psychological state
  • Russian: напряже́ние (naprjažénije) — psychological state
  • Russian: натя́нутость (natjánutostʹ) — psychological state
  • Scottish Gaelic: sàrachadh — psychological state
  • Slovak: napätie — psychological state
  • Spanish: tensión — psychological state
  • Swedish: spänning — psychological state
  • Turkish: gerginlik — psychological state
  • Ukrainian: напру́га (naprúha) — psychological state
  • Ukrainian: напру́ження (naprúžennja) — psychological state
  • Urdu: کَشِیدَگی (kaśīdagī) — psychological state
  • Urdu: تَناؤ (tanāo) — psychological state
  • Welsh: tensiwn — psychological state
  • Arabic: شَدّ (šadd) — state of an elastic object
  • Belarusian: нацяжэ́нне (nacjažénnje) — state of an elastic object
  • Belarusian: нацяжэ́ньне (nacjažénʹnje) — state of an elastic object
  • Belarusian: расцяжэ́нне (rascjažénnje) — state of an elastic object
  • Belarusian: расьцяжэ́ньне (rasʹcjažénʹnje) — state of an elastic object
  • Belarusian: ро́сцяг (róscjah) — state of an elastic object
  • Belarusian: ро́сьцяг (rósʹcjah) — state of an elastic object
  • Chinese Mandarin: 張力 /张力 (zhānglì) — state of an elastic object
  • Danish: spænding — state of an elastic object
  • Dutch: spanning — state of an elastic object
  • Esperanto: tensio — state of an elastic object
  • Finnish: jännitys — state of an elastic object
  • French: tension — state of an elastic object
  • French: traction — state of an elastic object
  • Georgian: გაჭიმვა (gač̣imva) — state of an elastic object
  • Georgian: ჭიმვა (č̣imva) — state of an elastic object
  • German: Spannung — state of an elastic object
  • Greek: εφελκυσμός (efelkysmós) — state of an elastic object
  • Hindi: खिंचाव (khiñcāv) — state of an elastic object
  • Hindi: तान (tān) — state of an elastic object
  • Ido: tenso — state of an elastic object
  • Ido: tenseso — state of an elastic object
  • Indonesian: tegangan — state of an elastic object
  • Italian: tensione — state of an elastic object
  • Japanese: 張力 (chōryoku) — state of an elastic object
  • Korean: 장력 (jangnyeok) — state of an elastic object
  • Latin: tēnsiō — state of an elastic object
  • Māori: renarena — state of an elastic object
  • Iranian Persian: کِشِش (kešeš) — state of an elastic object
  • Polish: naciąg — state of an elastic object
  • Portuguese: tensão — state of an elastic object
  • Romanian: tensiune — state of an elastic object
  • Romanian: încordare — state of an elastic object
  • Russian: натяже́ние (natjažénije) — state of an elastic object
  • Russian: растяже́ние (rastjažénije) — state of an elastic object
  • Spanish: tensión — state of an elastic object
  • Tagalog: binit — state of an elastic object
  • Telugu: తన్యత (tanyata) — state of an elastic object
  • Ukrainian: ро́зтяг (róztjah) — state of an elastic object
  • Ukrainian: на́тяг (nátjah) — state of an elastic object
  • Welsh: tensiwn — state of an elastic object
  • Albanian: tension — voltage
  • Arabic: جُهْد (juhd) — voltage
  • Arabic: فُولْتِيَّة (voltiyya) — voltage
  • Armenian: լարում (larum) — voltage
  • Azerbaijani: gərginlik — voltage
  • Belarusian: напру́жанне (naprúžannje) — voltage
  • Belarusian: напру́жаньне (naprúžanʹnje) — voltage
  • Belarusian: напру́га (naprúha) — voltage
  • Belarusian: вальта́ж (valʹtáž) — voltage
  • Bhojpuri: तनाव (tanāv) — voltage
  • Bulgarian: напреже́ние (naprežénie) — voltage
  • Burmese: ဗို့အား (bui.a:) — voltage
  • Chinese Cantonese: 電壓 /电压 (din6 aat3) — voltage
  • Chinese: 電壓 /电压 (tiān-ap) — voltage
  • Chinese Mandarin: 電壓 /电压 (diànyā) — voltage
  • Czech: napětí — voltage
  • Danish: spænding — voltage
  • Dutch: spanning — voltage
  • Esperanto: tensio — voltage
  • Estonian: pinge — voltage
  • Finnish: jännite — voltage
  • French: tension — voltage
  • Georgian: ძაბვა (ʒabva) — voltage
  • German: Spannung — voltage
  • Greek: τάση (tási) — voltage
  • Hebrew: מֶתַח (métakh) — voltage
  • Hindi: विभवांतर (vibhvāntar) — voltage
  • Hungarian: feszültség — voltage
  • Icelandic: rafspenna — voltage
  • Icelandic: spenna — voltage
  • Icelandic: straumstyrkur — voltage
  • Indonesian: tegangan — voltage
  • Indonesian: voltase — voltage
  • Indonesian: spaning — voltage
  • Irish: teannas — voltage
  • Italian: tensione — voltage
  • Italian: voltaggio — voltage
  • Japanese: 電圧 (den'atsu) — voltage
  • Kazakh: кернеу (kerneu) — voltage
  • Khmer: តង់ស្យុង (tɑngsyong) — voltage
  • Korean: 전압 (jeonap) — voltage
  • Kyrgyz: чыңалуу (cıŋaluu) — voltage
  • Lao: ຄວາມດັນໄຟຟ້າ (khuām dan fai fā) — voltage
  • Latvian: spriegums — voltage
  • Latvian: voltāža — voltage
  • Lithuanian: įtampa — voltage
  • Macedonian: напон (napon) — voltage
  • Macedonian: волта́жа (voltáža) — voltage
  • Malay: voltan — voltage
  • Malay: tegangan — voltage
  • Maltese: vultaġġ — voltage
  • Mongolian: хүчдэл (xüčdel) — voltage
  • Norwegian Bokmål: spenning — voltage
  • Iranian Persian: وُلْتاژ (voltâž) — voltage
  • Polish: napięcie — voltage
  • Polish: woltaż — voltage
  • Portuguese: tensão — voltage
  • Portuguese: voltagem — voltage
  • Romanian: tensiune — voltage
  • Romanian: voltaj — voltage
  • Russian: напряже́ние (naprjažénije) — voltage
  • Russian: вольта́ж (volʹtáž) — voltage
  • Serbo-Croatian: на́пон — voltage
  • Serbo-Croatian: nápon — voltage
  • Slovak: napätie — voltage
  • Slovene: napetost — voltage
  • Spanish: tensión — voltage
  • Swedish: spänning — voltage
  • Tagalog: boltahe — voltage
  • Tajik: шиддат (šiddat) — voltage
  • Thai: แรงดันไฟฟ้า (rɛɛng-dan-fai-fáa) — voltage
  • Thai: โวลเตจ (woon-dtèet) — voltage
  • Turkish: gerilim — voltage
  • Ukrainian: напру́га (naprúha) — voltage
  • Ukrainian: напру́ження (naprúžennja) — voltage
  • Ukrainian: вольта́ж (volʹtáž) — voltage
  • Urdu: وولْٹیج (volṭej) — voltage
  • Urdu: تَناؤ (tanāo) — voltage
  • Urdu: جُہْد (juhd) — voltage
  • Uzbek: kuchlanish — voltage
  • Vietnamese: điện áp — voltage
  • Vietnamese: hiệu điện thế — voltage
  • Bulgarian: опъвам (opǎvam) — place an object in tension
  • Bulgarian: напрягам (naprjagam) — place an object in tension
  • Danish: spænde — place an object in tension
  • Danish: stramme — place an object in tension
  • Esperanto: streĉi — place an object in tension
  • Finnish: jännittää — place an object in tension
  • Ido: tensar — place an object in tension
  • Portuguese: tensionar — place an object in tension
  • Spanish: tensionar — place an object in tension
Real reading context

tension in complete knowledge articles