adv · conj · noun · pron · verb · 9 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Pronunciation
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Received-Pronunciation:thō
Received-Pronunciation:/ðəʊ/
General-American:thō
General-American:/ðoʊ/
General-American:Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
General-American, Received-Pronunciation:thou
General-American, Received-Pronunciation:/θaʊ/
Southern-England:Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
rhymes with -aʊ
thou
/ðaʊ/
General-American:Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
6
pron
Meaning 6
Honorific alternative letter-case form of thou, sometimes used when referring to God or another important figure who is understood from context.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: alt-of, honorific
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
7
verb
Meaning 7
To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: transitive
Examples
Don’t thou them as thous thee! – a Yorkshire English admonition to overly familiar children
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: thee
Antonyms: you
8
verb
Meaning 8
To use the word thou.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: intransitive
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: thee
Antonyms: you
9
noun
Meaning 9
the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: thousand, one thousand, 1000, M, K, chiliad, G, grand, yard
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: large integer
Narrower terms: millenary
History
Etymology
See though.
Clipping of thou(sandth).
Clipping of thou(sand).
From Middle English thou, tho, thogh, thoue, thouȝ, thow, thowe, tou, towe, thu, thue, thugh, tu, you (Northern England), ðhu, þeou, þeu, þou (the latter three early Southwest England), from Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular), thou”), from Proto-Indo-European *túh2 (“you, thou”). cognates and usage evolution The English word is cognate with Saterland Frisian du (“thou”), West Frisian do (“thou”), dialectal Dutch du, dou, douw (“thou”), Limburgish doe (“thou”), Low German du (“thou”), dialectal German dau (“thou”), German du (“thou”), Danish du (“thou”), Swedish du (“thou”), Norwegian Nynorsk du (“thou”), Faroese tú (“thou”), Icelandic þú (“thou”), Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu, “thou”), Latin tu, Ancient Greek σύ (sú) (Doric Ancient Greek τύ (tú), Greek εσύ (esý)), Irish tú, Lithuanian tu, Old Church Slavonic тꙑ (ty), Welsh ti, Armenian դու (du), Albanian ti, Persian تو (to), Gujarati તું (tũ), Hindi तू (tū). The informality of thou and its replacement by ye in formal situations date only to the 14th century and come from French influence, since French (as many European languages, but not Old English) uses the second-person plural (vous) instead of the second-person singular (tu) as a mark of politeness or respect.
From Late Middle English thouen, theu, thew, thou, thowe, thowen, thui, thuy (“to address (a person) with thou, particularly in a contemptuous or polite manner”), from the pronoun thou: see etymology 1 above.
Across languages
Translations
198 source translations are retained for this English entry.
Arabic:
أَنْتَ
(ʔanta)
— singular nominative form of you
Arabic:
أَنْتِ
(ʔanti)
— singular nominative form of you
Arabic:
انت
(ínta)
— singular nominative form of you
Arabic:
انت
(ínti)
— singular nominative form of you
Tunisian Arabic:
اِنْتِ
(ʔinti)
— singular nominative form of you
Aragonese:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Armenian:
դու
(du)
— singular nominative form of you
Aromanian:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Assamese:
তই
(toi)
— singular nominative form of you
Assamese:
তুমি আপুনি
(tumi)
— singular nominative form of you
Asturian:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Badeshi:
theen
— singular nominative form of you
Belarusian:
ты
(ty)
— singular nominative form of you
Bengali:
তুই
(tui)
— singular nominative form of you
Bulgarian:
ти
(ti)
— singular nominative form of you
Catalan:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Old Catalan:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Chavacano:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Chinese Mandarin:
你
(nǐ)
— singular nominative form of you
Chinese Mandarin:
祢
(nǐ)
— singular nominative form of you
Chinese Mandarin:
爾 /尔
(ěr)
— singular nominative form of you
Chinese Mandarin:
汝
(rǔ)
— singular nominative form of you
Corsican:
tù
— singular nominative form of you
Czech:
ty
— singular nominative form of you
Dalmatian:
te
— singular nominative form of you
Danish:
du
— singular nominative form of you
Dutch:
gij
— singular nominative form of you
Dutch:
jij
— singular nominative form of you
Esperanto:
ci
— singular nominative form of you
Extremaduran:
tú
— singular nominative form of you
Fala:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Faroese:
tú
— singular nominative form of you
Finnish:
sinä
— singular nominative form of you
French:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Middle French:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Old French:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Friulian:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Galician:
ti
— singular nominative form of you
Galician:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Gallo:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Georgian:
შენ
(šen)
— singular nominative form of you
German:
du
— singular nominative form of you
German:
Du
— singular nominative form of you
Gothic:
𐌸𐌿
(þu)
— singular nominative form of you
Greek:
εσύ
(esý)
— singular nominative form of you
Ancient Greek:
σύ
(sú)
— singular nominative form of you
Hebrew:
אתה
(atá)
— singular nominative form of you
Hebrew:
את
(at)
— singular nominative form of you
Hindi:
तुम
(tum)
— singular nominative form of you
Hindi:
तू
(tū)
— singular nominative form of you
Hungarian:
te
— singular nominative form of you
Icelandic:
þú
— singular nominative form of you
Ido:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Indonesian:
kamu
— singular nominative form of you
Irish:
tú
— singular nominative form of you
Old Irish:
tú
— singular nominative form of you
Istro-Romanian:
tú
— singular nominative form of you
Italian:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Japanese:
君
(kimi)
— singular nominative form of you
Japanese:
汝
(nanji)
— singular nominative form of you
Japanese:
お前
(omae)
— singular nominative form of you
Japanese:
あなた
(anata)
— singular nominative form of you
Jeju:
느
(neu)
— singular nominative form of you
Karakhanid:
سن
(sen)
— singular nominative form of you
Korean:
당신
(dangsin)
— singular nominative form of you
Korean:
너
(neo)
— singular nominative form of you
Korean:
네
(ne)
— singular nominative form of you
Ladin:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Ladino:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Ladino:
טו
(tu)
— singular nominative form of you
Lao:
ຄຸນ
(khun)
— singular nominative form of you
Lao:
ເຖີ
(thœ̄)
— singular nominative form of you
Lao:
ມືງ
(mư̄ng)
— singular nominative form of you
Latin:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Leonese:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Lithuanian:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Lü:
ᦆᦳᧃ
(xun)
— singular nominative form of you
Lü:
ᦵᦒᦲ
(thoe)
— singular nominative form of you
Lü:
ᦙᦹᧂ
(mueng)
— singular nominative form of you
Macedonian:
ти
(ti)
— singular nominative form of you
Malay:
engkau
— singular nominative form of you
Megleno-Romanian:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Mirandese:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Mozarabic:
ت
(tu)
— singular nominative form of you
Neapolitan:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Nheengatu:
indé
— singular nominative form of you
Norman:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Norwegian:
du
— singular nominative form of you
Occitan:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Old Occitan:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Ojibwe:
giin
— singular nominative form of you
Church Slavic:
тꙑ
(ty)
— singular nominative form of you
Church Slavic:
ⱅⱏⰺ
(ty)
— singular nominative form of you
Old English:
þū
— singular nominative form of you
Old Galician-Portuguese:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Old Navarro-Aragonese:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Old Turkic:
𐰾𐰤
(s2n2)
— singular nominative form of you
Persian:
تو
(to)
— singular nominative form of you
Picard:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Polabian:
tåi
— singular nominative form of you
Polish:
ty
— singular nominative form of you
Old Polish:
ty
— singular nominative form of you
Portuguese:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Portuguese:
vós
— singular nominative form of you
Romanian:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Romansh:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Romansh:
tü
— singular nominative form of you
Russian:
ты
(ty)
— singular nominative form of you
Sardinian:
tue
— singular nominative form of you
Scots:
thoo
— singular nominative form of you
Scottish Gaelic:
thu
— singular nominative form of you
Scottish Gaelic:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Serbo-Croatian:
ти̑
— singular nominative form of you
Serbo-Croatian:
tȋ
— singular nominative form of you
Sicilian:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Sinhalese:
ඔයා
(oyā)
— singular nominative form of you
Slovak:
ty
— singular nominative form of you
Slovene:
tí
— singular nominative form of you
Lower Sorbian:
ty
— singular nominative form of you
Upper Sorbian:
ty
— singular nominative form of you
Spanish:
tú
— singular nominative form of you
Old Spanish:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Swedish:
du
— singular nominative form of you
Tagalog:
ikaw
— singular nominative form of you
Tagalog:
ka
— singular nominative form of you
Thai:
คุณ
(kun)
— singular nominative form of you
Thai:
เธอ
(təə)
— singular nominative form of you
Thai:
มึง
(mʉng)
— singular nominative form of you
Northern Thai:
ᨤᩩᨶ
— singular nominative form of you
Northern Thai:
ᨮᩮᩬᩥ
— singular nominative form of you
Northern Thai:
ᨾᩨ᩠ᨦ
— singular nominative form of you
Turkish:
sen
— singular nominative form of you
Ottoman Turkish:
سن
(sen)
— singular nominative form of you
Ottoman Turkish:
انت
(ente)
— singular nominative form of you
Ottoman Turkish:
تو
(tu)
— singular nominative form of you
Udihe:
си
— singular nominative form of you
Ukrainian:
ти
(ty)
— singular nominative form of you
Urdu:
تم
(tum)
— singular nominative form of you
Urdu:
تو
(tū)
— singular nominative form of you
Venetan:
ti
— singular nominative form of you
Vietnamese:
mày
— singular nominative form of you
Vietnamese:
ngươi
— singular nominative form of you
Vietnamese:
mi
— singular nominative form of you
Walloon:
tu
— singular nominative form of you
Welsh:
ti
— singular nominative form of you
Wiradjuri:
ngindu
— singular nominative form of you
Yaghnobi:
ту
(tu)
— singular nominative form of you
Yiddish:
דו
(du)
— singular nominative form of you
Yoruba:
o
— singular nominative form of you
Yoruba:
ìwọ
— singular nominative form of you
Asturian:
tutiar
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Belarusian:
ты́каць
(týkacʹ)
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Bulgarian:
говоря на ти
(govorja na ti)
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Catalan:
tutejar
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Czech:
tykat
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Danish:
sige du
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Dutch:
tutoyeren
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Dutch:
jijen
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Dutch:
jouen
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Estonian:
sinatama
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Faroese:
túa
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Finnish:
sinutella
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
French:
tutoyer
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
German:
duzen
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Hungarian:
tegez
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Icelandic:
þúa
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Interlingua:
tutear
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Italian:
dare del tu
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Japanese:
呼び捨てにする
(yobisute ni suru)
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Korean:
너라고 부르다
(neo-rago bureuda)
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Lithuanian:
tujinti
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Malay:
berengkau
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Norwegian Bokmål:
si 'du'
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Occitan:
tutejar
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Polish:
mówić na ty
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Polish:
tykać
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Portuguese:
tutear
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Portuguese:
tratar por tu
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Romanian:
a tutui
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Russian:
ты́кать
(týkatʹ)
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Russian:
ты́кнуть
(týknutʹ)
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Russian:
обраща́ться на «ты»
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Serbo-Croatian:
ти́кати
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Serbo-Croatian:
говорити ти
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Serbo-Croatian:
tíkati
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Serbo-Croatian:
govoriti ti
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Slovak:
tykať
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Slovene:
tíkati
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Lower Sorbian:
tykaś
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Upper Sorbian:
tykać
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Spanish:
tutear
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Swedish:
dua
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Turkish:
sen
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Ukrainian:
ти́кати
(týkaty)
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
Yiddish:
דוצן
(dutsn)
— to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun