Standard Lemma guide

thou

adv · conj · noun · pron · verb · 9 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: thō
  • Received-Pronunciation: /ðəʊ/
  • General-American: thō
  • General-American: /ðoʊ/
  • General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • General-American, Received-Pronunciation: thou
  • General-American, Received-Pronunciation: /θaʊ/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -aʊ
  • thou
  • /ðaʊ/
  • General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • /ðuː/
  • General-American, Received-Pronunciation: /ðaʊ/
  • CMU ARPABET: DH AW1 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adv

Meaning 1

Misspelling of though.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: alt-of, misspelling, not-comparable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

conj

Meaning 2

Misspelling of though.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: alt-of, misspelling

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

A unit of length equal to one thousandth of an inch (25.4 μm).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • We just wanted to take off a few thou, which we easily did with fine sandpaper.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: mil, mill

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: slang

Examples

  • Whoa there, big spender — that'll cost you a few thou. Are you sure you can afford it?

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: grand, G, large, K

Antonyms: none provided

5

pron

Meaning 5

Nominative singular of ye (“you”).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: archaic, dialectal, form-of, literary, nominative, singular

Topics: lifestyle, religion

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

pron

Meaning 6

Honorific alternative letter-case form of thou, sometimes used when referring to God or another important figure who is understood from context.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: alt-of, honorific

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

verb

Meaning 7

To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Examples

  • Don’t thou them as thous thee! – a Yorkshire English admonition to overly familiar children

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: thee

Antonyms: you

8

verb

Meaning 8

To use the word thou.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: thee

Antonyms: you

9

noun

Meaning 9

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: thousand, one thousand, 1000, M, K, chiliad, G, grand, yard

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: large integer

Narrower terms: millenary

History

Etymology

See though.

Clipping of thou(sandth).

Clipping of thou(sand).

From Middle English thou, tho, thogh, thoue, thouȝ, thow, thowe, tou, towe, thu, thue, thugh, tu, you (Northern England), ðhu, þeou, þeu, þou (the latter three early Southwest England), from Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular), thou”), from Proto-Indo-European *túh2 (“you, thou”). cognates and usage evolution The English word is cognate with Saterland Frisian du (“thou”), West Frisian do (“thou”), dialectal Dutch du, dou, douw (“thou”), Limburgish doe (“thou”), Low German du (“thou”), dialectal German dau (“thou”), German du (“thou”), Danish du (“thou”), Swedish du (“thou”), Norwegian Nynorsk du (“thou”), Faroese tú (“thou”), Icelandic þú (“thou”), Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu, “thou”), Latin tu, Ancient Greek σύ (sú) (Doric Ancient Greek τύ (tú), Greek εσύ (esý)), Irish tú, Lithuanian tu, Old Church Slavonic тꙑ (ty), Welsh ti, Armenian դու (du), Albanian ti, Persian تو (to), Gujarati તું (tũ), Hindi तू (tū). The informality of thou and its replacement by ye in formal situations date only to the 14th century and come from French influence, since French (as many European languages, but not Old English) uses the second-person plural (vous) instead of the second-person singular (tu) as a mark of politeness or respect.

From Late Middle English thouen, theu, thew, thou, thowe, thowen, thui, thuy (“to address (a person) with thou, particularly in a contemptuous or polite manner”), from the pronoun thou: see etymology 1 above.

Across languages

Translations

198 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: أَنْتَ (ʔanta) — singular nominative form of you
  • Arabic: أَنْتِ (ʔanti) — singular nominative form of you
  • Arabic: انت (ínta) — singular nominative form of you
  • Arabic: انت (ínti) — singular nominative form of you
  • Tunisian Arabic: اِنْتِ (ʔinti) — singular nominative form of you
  • Aragonese: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Armenian: դու (du) — singular nominative form of you
  • Aromanian: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Assamese: তই (toi) — singular nominative form of you
  • Assamese: তুমি আপুনি (tumi) — singular nominative form of you
  • Asturian: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Badeshi: theen — singular nominative form of you
  • Belarusian: ты (ty) — singular nominative form of you
  • Bengali: তুই (tui) — singular nominative form of you
  • Bulgarian: ти (ti) — singular nominative form of you
  • Catalan: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Old Catalan: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Chavacano: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Chinese Mandarin: 你 (nǐ) — singular nominative form of you
  • Chinese Mandarin: 祢 (nǐ) — singular nominative form of you
  • Chinese Mandarin: 爾 /尔 (ěr) — singular nominative form of you
  • Chinese Mandarin: 汝 (rǔ) — singular nominative form of you
  • Corsican: tù — singular nominative form of you
  • Czech: ty — singular nominative form of you
  • Dalmatian: te — singular nominative form of you
  • Danish: du — singular nominative form of you
  • Dutch: gij — singular nominative form of you
  • Dutch: jij — singular nominative form of you
  • Esperanto: ci — singular nominative form of you
  • Extremaduran: tú — singular nominative form of you
  • Fala: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Faroese: tú — singular nominative form of you
  • Finnish: sinä — singular nominative form of you
  • French: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Middle French: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Old French: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Friulian: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Galician: ti — singular nominative form of you
  • Galician: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Gallo: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Georgian: შენ (šen) — singular nominative form of you
  • German: du — singular nominative form of you
  • German: Du — singular nominative form of you
  • Gothic: 𐌸𐌿 (þu) — singular nominative form of you
  • Greek: εσύ (esý) — singular nominative form of you
  • Ancient Greek: σύ (sú) — singular nominative form of you
  • Hebrew: אתה (atá) — singular nominative form of you
  • Hebrew: את (at) — singular nominative form of you
  • Hindi: तुम (tum) — singular nominative form of you
  • Hindi: तू (tū) — singular nominative form of you
  • Hungarian: te — singular nominative form of you
  • Icelandic: þú — singular nominative form of you
  • Ido: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Indonesian: kamu — singular nominative form of you
  • Irish: tú — singular nominative form of you
  • Old Irish: tú — singular nominative form of you
  • Istro-Romanian: tú — singular nominative form of you
  • Italian: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Japanese: 君 (kimi) — singular nominative form of you
  • Japanese: 汝 (nanji) — singular nominative form of you
  • Japanese: お前 (omae) — singular nominative form of you
  • Japanese: あなた (anata) — singular nominative form of you
  • Jeju: 느 (neu) — singular nominative form of you
  • Karakhanid: سن (sen) — singular nominative form of you
  • Korean: 당신 (dangsin) — singular nominative form of you
  • Korean: 너 (neo) — singular nominative form of you
  • Korean: 네 (ne) — singular nominative form of you
  • Ladin: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Ladino: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Ladino: טו (tu) — singular nominative form of you
  • Lao: ຄຸນ (khun) — singular nominative form of you
  • Lao: ເຖີ (thœ̄) — singular nominative form of you
  • Lao: ມືງ (mư̄ng) — singular nominative form of you
  • Latin: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Leonese: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Lithuanian: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • : ᦆᦳᧃ (xun) — singular nominative form of you
  • : ᦵᦒᦲ (thoe) — singular nominative form of you
  • : ᦙᦹᧂ (mueng) — singular nominative form of you
  • Macedonian: ти (ti) — singular nominative form of you
  • Malay: engkau — singular nominative form of you
  • Megleno-Romanian: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Mirandese: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Mozarabic: ت (tu) — singular nominative form of you
  • Neapolitan: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Nheengatu: indé — singular nominative form of you
  • Norman: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Norwegian: du — singular nominative form of you
  • Occitan: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Old Occitan: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Ojibwe: giin — singular nominative form of you
  • Church Slavic: тꙑ (ty) — singular nominative form of you
  • Church Slavic: ⱅⱏⰺ (ty) — singular nominative form of you
  • Old English: þū — singular nominative form of you
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Old Navarro-Aragonese: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰤 (s2n2) — singular nominative form of you
  • Persian: تو (to) — singular nominative form of you
  • Picard: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Polabian: tåi — singular nominative form of you
  • Polish: ty — singular nominative form of you
  • Old Polish: ty — singular nominative form of you
  • Portuguese: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Portuguese: vós — singular nominative form of you
  • Romanian: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Romansh: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Romansh: tü — singular nominative form of you
  • Russian: ты (ty) — singular nominative form of you
  • Sardinian: tue — singular nominative form of you
  • Scots: thoo — singular nominative form of you
  • Scottish Gaelic: thu — singular nominative form of you
  • Scottish Gaelic: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Serbo-Croatian: ти̑ — singular nominative form of you
  • Serbo-Croatian: tȋ — singular nominative form of you
  • Sicilian: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Sinhalese: ඔයා (oyā) — singular nominative form of you
  • Slovak: ty — singular nominative form of you
  • Slovene: tí — singular nominative form of you
  • Lower Sorbian: ty — singular nominative form of you
  • Upper Sorbian: ty — singular nominative form of you
  • Spanish: tú — singular nominative form of you
  • Old Spanish: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Swedish: du — singular nominative form of you
  • Tagalog: ikaw — singular nominative form of you
  • Tagalog: ka — singular nominative form of you
  • Thai: คุณ (kun) — singular nominative form of you
  • Thai: เธอ (təə) — singular nominative form of you
  • Thai: มึง (mʉng) — singular nominative form of you
  • Northern Thai: ᨤᩩᨶ — singular nominative form of you
  • Northern Thai: ᨮᩮᩬᩥ — singular nominative form of you
  • Northern Thai: ᨾᩨ᩠ᨦ — singular nominative form of you
  • Turkish: sen — singular nominative form of you
  • Ottoman Turkish: سن (sen) — singular nominative form of you
  • Ottoman Turkish: انت (ente) — singular nominative form of you
  • Ottoman Turkish: تو (tu) — singular nominative form of you
  • Udihe: си — singular nominative form of you
  • Ukrainian: ти (ty) — singular nominative form of you
  • Urdu: تم (tum) — singular nominative form of you
  • Urdu: تو (tū) — singular nominative form of you
  • Venetan: ti — singular nominative form of you
  • Vietnamese: mày — singular nominative form of you
  • Vietnamese: ngươi — singular nominative form of you
  • Vietnamese: mi — singular nominative form of you
  • Walloon: tu — singular nominative form of you
  • Welsh: ti — singular nominative form of you
  • Wiradjuri: ngindu — singular nominative form of you
  • Yaghnobi: ту (tu) — singular nominative form of you
  • Yiddish: דו (du) — singular nominative form of you
  • Yoruba: o — singular nominative form of you
  • Yoruba: ìwọ — singular nominative form of you
  • Asturian: tutiar — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Belarusian: ты́каць (týkacʹ) — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Bulgarian: говоря на ти (govorja na ti) — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Catalan: tutejar — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Czech: tykat — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Danish: sige du — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Dutch: tutoyeren — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Dutch: jijen — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Dutch: jouen — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Estonian: sinatama — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Faroese: túa — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Finnish: sinutella — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • French: tutoyer — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • German: duzen — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Hungarian: tegez — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Icelandic: þúa — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Interlingua: tutear — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Italian: dare del tu — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Japanese: 呼び捨てにする (yobisute ni suru) — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Korean: 너라고 부르다 (neo-rago bureuda) — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Lithuanian: tujinti — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Malay: berengkau — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Norwegian Bokmål: si 'du' — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Occitan: tutejar — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Polish: mówić na ty — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Polish: tykać — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Portuguese: tutear — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Portuguese: tratar por tu — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Romanian: a tutui — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Russian: ты́кать (týkatʹ) — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Russian: ты́кнуть (týknutʹ) — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Russian: обраща́ться на «ты» — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Serbo-Croatian: ти́кати — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Serbo-Croatian: говорити ти — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Serbo-Croatian: tíkati — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Serbo-Croatian: govoriti ti — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Slovak: tykať — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Slovene: tíkati — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Lower Sorbian: tykaś — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Upper Sorbian: tykać — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Spanish: tutear — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Swedish: dua — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Turkish: sen — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Ukrainian: ти́кати (týkaty) — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Yiddish: דוצן (dutsn) — to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun
  • Dutch: tutoyeren — to use the word thou
  • French: tutoyer — to use the word thou
  • Icelandic: þúa — to use the word thou