though

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• Received-Pronunciation: thō
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• Received-Pronunciation: /ðəʊ/
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• General-American: thō
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• General-American: /ðoʊ/
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• General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -əʊ
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• CMU ARPABET: DH OW1 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *to-der. Proto-Indo-European *-weder. Proto-Germanic *þau Proto-Indo-European *-kweder. Proto-Germanic *-hw Proto-Germanic *þauh Proto-West Germanic *þauh Old English þēah ▲ Proto-Germanic *þauh Old Norse *þóhder. Middle English thogh English though From Middle English though, thogh, from Old Norse *þóh (later þó). Superseded (in most dialects) Middle English thegh, from Old English þēah (“though, although, even if, that, however, nevertheless, yet, still; whether”). Both the Old Norse and Old English are from Proto-Germanic *þauh (“though”), from Proto-Indo-European *to-, suffixed with Proto-Germanic *-hw < Proto-Indo-European *-kwe (“and”). Akin to Scots tho (“though”), Saterland Frisian dach (“though”), West Frisian dôch, dochs (“though”), Dutch doch (“though”), German doch (“though”), Danish dog (“though, however”), Swedish dock (“however, still”), Icelandic þó (“though”). More at that.

140 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Bulgarian: обаче (obače) — however
• Catalan: però — however
• Catalan: tanmateix — however
• Catalan: malgrat això — however
• Catalan: malgrat tot — however
• Chinese Mandarin: 然而 (rán'ér) — however
• Czech: nicméně — however
• Danish: dog — however
• Dutch: echter — however
• Finnish: kuitenkin — however
• French: néanmoins — however
• French: cependant — however
• Georgian: მაინც (mainc) — however
• German: trotzdem — however
• German: doch — however
• German: allerdings — however
• Greek: εν τούτοις (en toútois) — however
• Greek: παρά ταύτα (pará táfta) — however
• Greek: ωστόσο (ostóso) — however
• Hungarian: azért — however
• Hungarian: mindazonáltal — however
• Hungarian: mindamellett — however
• Hungarian: mégis — however
• Hungarian: viszont — however
• Indonesian: bagaimanapun juga — however
• Interlingua: benque — however
• Interlingua: malgrado — however
• Interlingua: non obstante — however
• Italian: però — however
• Italian: in ogni caso — however
• Italian: ad ogni modo — however
• Japanese: にもかかわらず (nimokakawarazu) — however
• Japanese: それでも (soredemo) — however
• Kazakh: дегенмен (degenmen) — however
• Kazakh: әйтсе де (äitse de) — however
• Kazakh: әйткенмен (äitkenmen) — however
• Northern Kurdish: dîsa jî — however
• Northern Kurdish: her wiha — however
• Luo: kata kamano — however
• Malay: walau bagaimana — however
• Middle English: thogh — however
• Navajo: ndi — however
• Norwegian Bokmål: dog — however
• Norwegian Nynorsk: do — however
• Occitan: pasmens — however
• Occitan: ni per tot — however
• Occitan: ça que la — however
• Occitan: pr'aquò — however
• Persian: گرچه (garče) — however
• Polish: jednak — however
• Polish: mimo to — however
• Polish: bez względu na to — however
• Portuguese: no entanto — however
• Portuguese: não obstante — however
• Portuguese: contudo — however
• Russian: те́м не ме́нее (tém ne méneje) — however
• Russian: одна́ко (odnáko) — however
• Russian: всё-таки (vsjo-taki) — however
• Scots: tho — however
• Scottish Gaelic: ge-tà — however
• Spanish: no obstante — however
• Spanish: de todas formas — however
• Spanish: de todas maneras — however
• Spanish: pero bueno — however
• Spanish: pues nada — however
• Swahili: ijapokuwahata hivyo — however
• Swedish: dock — however
• Ukrainian: тим не менш (tym ne menš) — however
• Urdu: گرچہ — however
• Volapük: do — however
• Walloon: portant — however
• Zazaki: bo zi — however
• Arabic: رَغْم أَنّ (raḡm ʔann) — although
• Bulgarian: макар че (makar če) — although
• Catalan: malgrat — although
• Catalan: malgrat tot — although
• Catalan: tot i — although
• Catalan: tot i que — although
• Catalan: encara que — although
• Chinese Mandarin: 虽然 — although
• Chinese Mandarin: 尽管 — although
• Czech: ačkoli — although
• Danish: skønt — although
• Danish: selv om — although
• Dutch: hoewel — although
• Esperanto: kvankam — although
• Finnish: vaikka — although
• Finnish: vaikkakaan — although
• French: malgré — although
• French: bien que — although
• French: cependant — although
• Georgian: მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ (miuxedavad imisa, rom) — although
• German: obwohl — although
• German: obgleich — although
• German: obschon — although
• Greek: έστω και αν (ésto kai an) — although
• Greek: αν και (an kai) — although
• Greek: μολονότι (molonóti) — although
• Greek: καίτοι (kaítoi) — although
• Hungarian: bár — although
• Hungarian: noha — although
• Hungarian: habár — although
• Hungarian: jóllehet — although
• Hungarian: ámbár — although
• Hungarian: viszont — although
• Icelandic: þó — although
• Icelandic: þótt — although
• Indonesian: walau — although
• Indonesian: meski — although
• Irish: cé go — although
• Italian: anche se — although
• Japanese: だが (daga) — although
• Japanese: だけれども (dakeredomo) — although
• Japanese: だけど (dakeredo) — although
• Malay: walau — although
• Middle English: thogh — although
• Navajo: ndi — although
• Norwegian: selv om — although
• Polish: choć — although
• Polish: chociaż — although
• Polish: aczkolwiek — although
• Portuguese: apesar de — although
• Portuguese: embora — although
• Romanian: deși — although
• Romanian: chiar dacă — although
• Russian: хотя́ (xotjá) — although
• Russian: хоть и (xotʹ i) — although
• Russian: несмотря́ на то́, что (nesmotrjá na tó, što) — although
• Slovak: hoci — although
• Slovene: čeprav — although
• Spanish: sin embargo — although
• Spanish: a pesar de — although
• Spanish: aunque — although
• Spanish: maguer (disused) — although
• Swedish: även om — although
• Swedish: fast — although
• Swedish: fastän — although
• Ukrainian: хоча́ (xočá) — although
• Ukrainian: незважа́ючи на те, що (nezvažájučy na te, ščo) — although
• Zazaki: velev — although