to

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

• to͞o
  Play
• /tuː/
  Play
• Received-Pronunciation: [tu̟ː]
  Play
• Received-Pronunciation: [thʊw]
  Play
• Northumbria: /tiː/
  Play
• British, Southern, Standard: [thʉw]
  Play
• US: [thu̟(ː)]
  Play
• Canada: [t(h)u̟ː]
  Play
• Australian, New-Zealand: [thʉː]
  Play
• Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  Play
• General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  Play
• General-American, before-vowel: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  Play
• homophone: too
  Play
• homophone: two
  Play
• rhymes with -uː
  Play
• /tə/ before a consonant
  Play
• /tʊ/ before a consonant
  Play
• US: [ɾə] after a vowel
  Play
• Northumbria: /tɪ/
  Play
• Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  Play
• before-vowel: /tʊ/
  Play
• before-vowel: /tu(ː)/
  Play
• Received-Pronunciation: [tʊ(w)]
  Play
• Northumbria: /tɪv/
  Play
• British, Southern, Standard: [t(h)ʉw]
  Play
• US: [tʊ(w)]
  Play
• US: [tu̟]
  Play
• US: [ɾʊ(w)] after a vowel
  Play
• US: [ɾu̟] after a vowel
  Play
• Canada: [tʊ(w)]
  Play
• Canada: [tu̟(ː)]
  Play
• /ʈʊ/ South Asia, always
  Play
• UK: /təʊ/
  Play
• US: /toʊ/
  Play
• rhymes with -əʊ
  Play
• homophone: toe (US)
  Play
• homophone: tow (US)
  Play
• India: /t̪oː/
  Play
• India: [t̪oː]
  Play
• CMU ARPABET: T UW1 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  Play
• CMU ARPABET 2: T IH0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  Play
• CMU ARPABET 3: T AH0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  Play

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *doh1 Proto-Germanic *tō Proto-West Germanic *tō Old English tō Middle English to English to From Middle English to, from Old English tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō ~ *ta, from Proto-Indo-European *de ~ *do (“to”). Cognate with Scots tae, to (“to”), North Frisian to, tö, tu (“to”), Saterland Frisian tou (“to”), Low German to (“to”), Dutch toe, te (“to”), German zu (“to”), West Frisian ta (“to”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian ndaj (“towards”), Irish do (“to, for”), Breton da (“to, for”), Welsh i (“to, for”), Russian до (do, “to”). Doublet of too.

Borrowed from Cantonese 杜 (dou6), 陶 (tou4), 塗/涂 (tou4), 屠 (tou4), etc.

Borrowed from Hindi तो (to).

465 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Catalan: per — in order to
• Chinese Mandarin: 为了 (wèile) — in order to
• Cornish: rag — in order to
• Czech: aby — in order to
• Danish: for at — in order to
• Dutch: om te — in order to
• Finnish: jotta — in order to
• Finnish: että — in order to
• French: pour — in order to
• French: afin de — in order to
• German: um ... zu — in order to
• Hebrew: כְּדֵי (kedéi) — in order to
• Hungarian: hogy — in order to
• Italian: per — in order to
• Japanese: に (ni) — in order to
• Latin: ut — in order to
• Malay: untuk — in order to
• Polish: żeby — in order to
• Polish: aby — in order to
• Polish: by — in order to
• Portuguese: para — in order to
• Romanian: ca să — in order to
• Romanian: să — in order to
• Russian: что́бы (štóby) — in order to
• Spanish: para — in order to
• Swedish: för att — in order to
• Tamil: -கு (-ku) — in order to
• Thai: เพื่อ (pʉ̂ʉa) — in order to
• Ukrainian: по (po) — in order to
• Ukrainian: у (u) — in order to
• Vietnamese: để — in order to
• Albanian: të — infinitive-marker
• Albanian: për të — infinitive-marker
• Arabic: أَنّ (ʔann) — infinitive-marker
• Armenian: -ել (-el) — infinitive-marker
• Armenian: -ալ (-al) — infinitive-marker
• Assamese: -ইব (-ibo) — infinitive-marker
• Assamese: -ইবলৈ (-iboloi) — infinitive-marker
• Azerbaijani: -mək — infinitive-marker
• Azerbaijani: -maq — infinitive-marker
• Bengali: -তে (-te) — infinitive-marker
• Bulgarian: да (da) — infinitive-marker
• Catalan: -ar — infinitive-marker
• Catalan: -er — infinitive-marker
• Catalan: -r — infinitive-marker
• Catalan: -re — infinitive-marker
• Catalan: -ir — infinitive-marker
• Cornish: -a — infinitive-marker
• Czech: -t — infinitive-marker
• Czech: -ti — infinitive-marker
• Czech: -i — infinitive-marker
• Danish: at — infinitive-marker
• Dutch: te — infinitive-marker
• Dutch: -en — infinitive-marker
• Esperanto: -i — infinitive-marker
• Faroese: at — infinitive-marker
• Faroese: -a — infinitive-marker
• French: -er — infinitive-marker
• French: -re — infinitive-marker
• French: -ir — infinitive-marker
• Galician: -ar — infinitive-marker
• Galician: -er — infinitive-marker
• Galician: -or — infinitive-marker
• Galician: -ir — infinitive-marker
• German: zu — infinitive-marker
• German: -en — infinitive-marker
• Greek: να (na) — infinitive-marker
• Hawaiian: e — infinitive-marker
• Hebrew: ל־ (l-) — infinitive-marker
• Hindi: -ना (-nā) — infinitive-marker
• Hungarian: -ni — infinitive-marker
• Icelandic: að — infinitive-marker
• Icelandic: -a — infinitive-marker
• Ido: -ar — infinitive-marker
• Ido: -ir — infinitive-marker
• Ido: -or — infinitive-marker
• Irish: a — infinitive-marker
• Italian: -are — infinitive-marker
• Italian: -ere — infinitive-marker
• Italian: -arre — infinitive-marker
• Italian: -orre — infinitive-marker
• Italian: -urre — infinitive-marker
• Italian: -ire — infinitive-marker
• Latin: -āre — infinitive-marker
• Latin: -ēre — infinitive-marker
• Latin: -ere — infinitive-marker
• Latin: -īre — infinitive-marker
• Limburgish: tö — infinitive-marker
• Limburgish: -e — infinitive-marker
• Macedonian: да (da) — infinitive-marker
• Neapolitan: -à — infinitive-marker
• Neapolitan: -e — infinitive-marker
• Neapolitan: -è — infinitive-marker
• Neapolitan: -ì — infinitive-marker
• Nepali: -नु (-nu) — infinitive-marker
• Norwegian Bokmål: å — infinitive-marker
• Norwegian Nynorsk: å — infinitive-marker
• Persian: ـدن (-dan) — infinitive-marker
• Persian: ـتن (-tan) — infinitive-marker
• Polish: -ać — infinitive-marker
• Polish: -eć — infinitive-marker
• Polish: -ić — infinitive-marker
• Polish: -ć — infinitive-marker
• Polish: -ąć — infinitive-marker
• Polish: -c — infinitive-marker
• Portuguese: -ar — infinitive-marker
• Portuguese: -er — infinitive-marker
• Portuguese: -or — infinitive-marker
• Portuguese: -ir — infinitive-marker
• Punjabi: -ਣਾ (-ṇā) — infinitive-marker
• Romanian: a — infinitive-marker
• Russian: -ать (-atʹ) — infinitive-marker
• Russian: -ять (-jatʹ) — infinitive-marker
• Russian: -еть (-etʹ) — infinitive-marker
• Russian: -ить (-itʹ) — infinitive-marker
• Russian: -ти (-ti) — infinitive-marker
• Russian: -уть (-utʹ) — infinitive-marker
• Russian: -чь (-čʹ) — infinitive-marker
• Russian: -ть (-tʹ) — infinitive-marker
• Scots: tae — infinitive-marker
• Serbo-Croatian: -ti — infinitive-marker
• Serbo-Croatian: -ći — infinitive-marker
• Sicilian: -ari — infinitive-marker
• Sicilian: -iri — infinitive-marker
• Slovak: -ť — infinitive-marker
• Slovene: -ti — infinitive-marker
• Spanish: -ar — infinitive-marker
• Spanish: -er — infinitive-marker
• Spanish: -ir — infinitive-marker
• Swahili: ku- — infinitive-marker
• Swedish: att — infinitive-marker
• Talysh: کی (ki) — infinitive-marker
• Tamil: -அ (-a) — infinitive-marker
• Turkish: -mek — infinitive-marker
• Turkish: -mak — infinitive-marker
• Ottoman Turkish: ـمک (-mek) — infinitive-marker
• Ottoman Turkish: ـمق (-maq) — infinitive-marker
• Ukrainian: -ати (-aty) — infinitive-marker
• Ukrainian: -яти (-jaty) — infinitive-marker
• Ukrainian: -ти (-ty) — infinitive-marker
• Ukrainian: -іти (-ity) — infinitive-marker
• Ukrainian: -ити (-yty) — infinitive-marker
• Veps: -da — infinitive-marker
• Volapük: -ön — infinitive-marker
• Votic: first infinitive — infinitive-marker
• Zulu: uku- — infinitive-marker
• Spanish: que — particle used with infinitives
• Arabic: لِ (li) — used to indicate the indirect object
• Arabic: لِ (la-) — used to indicate the indirect object
• Catalan: a — used to indicate the indirect object
• Chinese Mandarin: 給 /给 (gěi) — used to indicate the indirect object
• Dutch: aan — used to indicate the indirect object
• Esperanto: al — used to indicate the indirect object
• French: à — used to indicate the indirect object
• Galician: a — used to indicate the indirect object
• Hungarian: -nak — used to indicate the indirect object
• Hungarian: -nek — used to indicate the indirect object
• Irish: do — used to indicate the indirect object
• Japanese: ...に (...-ni) — used to indicate the indirect object
• Latin: ad — used to indicate the indirect object
• Norwegian: til — used to indicate the indirect object
• Norwegian Bokmål: til — used to indicate the indirect object
• Norwegian Nynorsk: til — used to indicate the indirect object
• Persian: به (be) — used to indicate the indirect object
• Portuguese: a — used to indicate the indirect object
• Portuguese: para — used to indicate the indirect object
• Scots: tae — used to indicate the indirect object
• Scottish Gaelic: do — used to indicate the indirect object
• Scottish Gaelic: gu — used to indicate the indirect object
• Scottish Gaelic: ri — used to indicate the indirect object
• Spanish: a — used to indicate the indirect object
• Swedish: till — used to indicate the indirect object
• Swedish: åt — used to indicate the indirect object
• Tamil: -ஐ (-ai) — used to indicate the indirect object
• Telugu: -కి (-ki) — used to indicate the indirect object
• Telugu: -కు (-ku) — used to indicate the indirect object
• Venetan: a — used to indicate the indirect object
• Vietnamese: cho — used to indicate the indirect object
• Albanian: në — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Arabic: إِلَى (ʔilā) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Arabic: عَلَى (ʕalā) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Arabic: لـ (le) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Armenian: դեպի (depi) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Assamese: -অলৈ (-oloi) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Bakhtiari: وه (ve) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Bashkir: ...-ға (...-ğa) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Bashkir: ...-гә (...-gə) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Bashkir: ...-ҡа (...-qa) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Bashkir: ...-кә (...-kə) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Burmese: ကို (kui) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Catalan: a — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Catalan: cap a — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Chinese Mandarin: 到 (dào) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Ndzwani Comorian: -ni — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Ngazidja Comorian: pvo — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Cornish: dhe — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Czech: k — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Czech: ke — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Czech: ku — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Czech: do — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Danish: til — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Dutch: naar — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Esperanto: al — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Faroese: til — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Finnish: suuntaan — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Finnish: päin — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Finnish: luokse — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Finnish: luo — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Finnish: tykö — in the direction of, and arriving at
• French: à — in the direction of, and arriving at
• French: au — in the direction of, and arriving at
• French: en — in the direction of, and arriving at
• West-Frisian: nei — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Galician: a — in the direction of, and arriving at
• German: zu — in the direction of, and arriving at
• German: in — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Gothic: 𐌳𐌿 (du) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Greek: προς (pros) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Greek: σε (se) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Ancient Greek: εἰς (eis) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Ancient Greek: πρός (prós) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Hawaiian: i — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Hebrew: אל (el) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Hebrew: ל־ (le-) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Hindi: ... को (... ko) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Icelandic: til — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Ido: a — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Ido: ad — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Indonesian: ke — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Indonesian: sampai — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Indonesian: hingga — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Indonesian: kepada — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Interlingua: a — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Irish: chuig — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Irish: chun — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Irish: go dtí — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Irish: go — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Irish: ionsar — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Italian: a — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Italian: ad — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Italian: in — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Italian: per — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Japanese: ...へ (...-e) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Japanese: ...まで — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Judeo-Italian: אַה — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Khmer: ដល់ (dɑl) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Korean: ...으로 — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Korean: ...에게 (...ege) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Latgalian: da — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Latvian: līdz — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Lithuanian: į — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Low German: to — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Low German: tau — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Middle Low German: to — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Middle Low German: tho — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Malay: ke — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Malay: kepada — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Maltese: lil — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Maltese: lejn — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Maltese: lill- — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Manchu: ᡩᡝ (de) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Māori: ki — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Mongolian: -д (-d) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Mongolian: руу (ruu) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Neapolitan: a — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Norwegian Bokmål: til — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Norwegian Nynorsk: til — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Nǀuu: ǁʻâa — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Occitan: cap a — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Old Norse: til — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Persian: به (be) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Persian: پیش (piš) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Persian: زی (zi) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Polish: do — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Portuguese: a — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Portuguese: para — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Romanian: la — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Romanian: către — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Romanian: spre — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Russian: на (na) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Russian: в (v) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Russian: к (k) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Scots: tae — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Scottish Gaelic: gu — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Slovak: do — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Slovak: k — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Slovak: ku — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Slovene: k — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Slovene: h — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Slovene: proti — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Slovene: v — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Lower Sorbian: do — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Spanish: a — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Spanish: hacia — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Swahili: hadi — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Swahili: mpaka — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Swahili: kwenda — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Swedish: till — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Talysh: ور (var) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Tamil: -கு (-ku) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Tamil: -இல் (-il) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Telugu: -కి (-ki) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Telugu: -కు (-ku) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Thai: ยัง (yang) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Tok Pisin: long — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Turkish: -e — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Turkish: -a — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Turkish: -ye — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Turkish: -ya — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Tuvan: -же (-je) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Tuvan: -че (-çe) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Ukrainian: на (na) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Ukrainian: в (v) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Ukrainian: до (do) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Urdu: ... کو (... kō) — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Venetan: a — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Vietnamese: đến — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Volapük: ad — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Volapük: lü — in the direction of, and arriving at
• Bashkir: ...-ға (...-ğa) — target or recipient of an action
• Bashkir: ...-гә (...-gə) — target or recipient of an action
• Bashkir: ...-ҡа (...-qa) — target or recipient of an action
• Bashkir: ...-кә (...-kə) — target or recipient of an action
• Dutch: aan — target or recipient of an action
• Finnish: -lle — target or recipient of an action
• Finnish: kanssa — target or recipient of an action
• French: à — target or recipient of an action
• German: dem — target or recipient of an action
• German: der — target or recipient of an action
• German: den — target or recipient of an action
• Judeo-Italian: אַה — target or recipient of an action
• Portuguese: a — target or recipient of an action
• Portuguese: para — target or recipient of an action
• Spanish: a — target or recipient of an action
• Tamil: -இடம் (-iṭam) — target or recipient of an action
• Tamil: -ஆக (-āka) — target or recipient of an action
• Finnish: -ksi — to indicate result of action
• Hebrew: עַד — to indicate result of action
• Tamil: -கு (-ku) — to indicate result of action
• Tamil: வரை (varai) — to indicate result of action
• Catalan: a — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Dutch: tegen — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Dutch: aan — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Dutch: met — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Finnish: -lle — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• French: à — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• French: au — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• French: envers — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• French: de — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• German: zu — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Greek: με (me) — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Hindi: से (se) — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Italian: a — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Latin: ad — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Maltese: għal — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Persian: بِه (be) — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Polish: do — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Portuguese: com — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Portuguese: a — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Romanian: cu — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Scots: tae — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Scottish Gaelic: ri — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Spanish: a — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Swedish: till — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Swedish: med — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Swedish: mot — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Tamil: -இடம் (-iṭam) — used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
• Bashkir: ...-ға (...-ğa) — end of range
• Bashkir: ...-гә (...-gə) — end of range
• Bashkir: ...-ҡа (...-qa) — end of range
• Bashkir: ...-кә (...-kə) — end of range
• Dutch: tot — end of range
• Esperanto: ĝis — end of range
• Finnish: -en — end of range
• Finnish: -än — end of range
• French: à — end of range
• Hebrew: עַד — end of range
• Indonesian: sampai — end of range
• Latin: ad — end of range
• Portuguese: a — end of range
• Russian: до (do) — end of range
• Swahili: mpaka — end of range
• Swedish: till — end of range
• Tamil: வரை (varai) — end of range
• Bashkir: ...-ға (...-ğa) — used to indicate ratios
• Bashkir: ...-гә (...-gə) — used to indicate ratios
• Bashkir: ...-ҡа (...-qa) — used to indicate ratios
• Bashkir: ...-кә (...-kə) — used to indicate ratios
• Catalan: a — used to indicate ratios
• Chinese Mandarin: 比 (bǐ) — used to indicate ratios
• Czech: ku — used to indicate ratios
• Danish: til — used to indicate ratios
• Dutch: tegen — used to indicate ratios
• French: contre — used to indicate ratios
• German: zu — used to indicate ratios
• Greek: προς (pros) — used to indicate ratios
• Indonesian: banding — used to indicate ratios
• Irish: in aghaidh — used to indicate ratios
• Irish: i — used to indicate ratios
• Italian: a — used to indicate ratios
• Italian: per — used to indicate ratios
• Japanese: に (ni) — used to indicate ratios
• Japanese: へ (e) — used to indicate ratios
• Latgalian: pret — used to indicate ratios
• Latin: et — used to indicate ratios
• Latvian: pret — used to indicate ratios
• Malay: nisbah — used to indicate ratios
• Polish: do — used to indicate ratios
• Portuguese: a — used to indicate ratios
• Romanian: la — used to indicate ratios
• Russian: к (k) — used to indicate ratios
• Scots: tae — used to indicate ratios
• Scottish Gaelic: gu — used to indicate ratios
• Slovak: k — used to indicate ratios
• Slovene: proti — used to indicate ratios
• Spanish: a — used to indicate ratios
• Swedish: till — used to indicate ratios
• Tamil: -கு (-ku) — used to indicate ratios
• Telugu: -కి (-ki) — used to indicate ratios
• Telugu: -కు (-ku) — used to indicate ratios
• Ukrainian: до (do) — used to indicate ratios
• Dutch: tot — used to indicated exponentiation
• Finnish: potenssiin — used to indicated exponentiation
• French: au — used to indicated exponentiation
• French: à la — used to indicated exponentiation
• Galician: á — used to indicated exponentiation
• German: hoch — used to indicated exponentiation
• Greek: στην (stin) — used to indicated exponentiation
• Hebrew: ב־ (b-) — used to indicated exponentiation
• Irish: i — used to indicated exponentiation
• Italian: alla — used to indicated exponentiation
• Italian: a — used to indicated exponentiation
• Polish: do potęgi — used to indicated exponentiation
• Portuguese: a — used to indicated exponentiation
• Russian: в (v) — used to indicated exponentiation
• Slovak: na — used to indicated exponentiation
• Spanish: a — used to indicated exponentiation
• Swedish: upphöjt till — used to indicated exponentiation
• Tamil: -இருந்து (-iruntu) — used to indicated exponentiation
• Ukrainian: в (v) — used to indicated exponentiation
• Chinese Mandarin: 差 — time: preceding
• Dutch: voor — time: preceding
• Estonian: enne — time: preceding
• Finnish: vaille — time: preceding
• French: moins — time: preceding
• Georgian: უკლია (uḳlia) — time: preceding
• German: vor — time: preceding
• Greek: παρά (pará) — time: preceding
• Hindi: तक (tak) — time: preceding
• Indonesian: kurang — time: preceding
• Ingrian: vaijaa — time: preceding
• Irish: chun — time: preceding
• Irish: go dtí — time: preceding
• Italian: a — time: preceding
• Persian: به (mânde be) — time: preceding
• Polish: za — time: preceding
• Portuguese: para — time: preceding
• Russian: без (bez) — time: preceding
• Spanish: menos — time: preceding
• Spanish: para — time: preceding
• Swedish: i — time: preceding
• Tamil: -ஆக (-āka) — time: preceding
• Venetan: a — time: preceding
• Venetan: avanti — time: preceding
• Vietnamese: kém — time: preceding