turbulence

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• Received-Pronunciation: /ˈtɜː.bjə.ləns/
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• General-American: /ˈtɝ.bjə.ləns/
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• CMU ARPABET: T ER1 B Y AH0 L AH0 N S Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English turbulence (“turbidity, cloudiness”), from Late Latin turbulentia (“trouble, disquiet”). By surface analysis, turbulent + -ence.

51 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Arabic: اِضْطِرَاب (iḍṭirāb) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Armenian: մրրկային շարժում (mrrkayin šaržum) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Azerbaijani: çalxantı — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Azerbaijani: türbülans — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Belarusian: турбуле́нтнасць (turbuljéntnascʹ) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Bulgarian: турбулентност (turbulentnost) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Chinese Cantonese: 湍流 (tou5 lau4) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Chinese Cantonese: 動盪 /动荡 — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Chinese Mandarin: 湍流 (tuānliú) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Chinese Mandarin: 紊流 (wěnliú) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Chinese Mandarin: 亂流 /乱流 (luànliú) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Wu Chinese: 湍流 — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Czech: turbulence — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Danish: turbulens — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Dutch: turbulentie — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Finnish: turbulenssi — disturbance in gas, fluid
• French: turbulence — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Galician: turbulencia — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Georgian: ტურბულენტობა (ṭurbulenṭoba) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• German: Turbulenz — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Hungarian: turbulencia — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Indonesian: turbulensi — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Indonesian: turbulens — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Italian: turbolenza — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Japanese: 乱流 (ranryū) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Kazakh: турбуленттілік (turbulenttılık) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Korean: 난기류 (nan'giryu) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Korean: 난류 (nallyu) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Kyrgyz: турбуленттүүлүк (turbulenttüülük) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Malay: gelora — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Malay: pergolakan — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Malay: turbulens — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Malayalam: അന്തരീക്ഷവിക്ഷോഭം (antarīkṣavikṣōbhaṁ) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Māori: puahiri — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Norwegian Bokmål: turbulens — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Norwegian Nynorsk: turbulens — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Persian: آشفتگی — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Portuguese: turbulência — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Romanian: tulburare — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Romanian: turbulență — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Russian: турбуле́нтность (turbuléntnostʹ) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Russian: турбуле́нция (turbuléncija) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Spanish: turbulencia — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Swedish: turbulens — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Tajik: oşuftagī — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Tamil: கொந்தளிப்பு ஓட்டம் (kontaḷippu ōṭṭam) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Turkish: türbülans — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Ukrainian: турбуле́нтність (turbuléntnistʹ) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Urdu: ہلچل (halchal) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Urdu: اضطراب (iztiraab) — disturbance in gas, fluid
• Vietnamese: dòng chảy rối — disturbance in gas, fluid