under

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• Received-Pronunciation: /ˈʌndə/
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• Northern-England: /ˈʊndə/
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• Northumbria: /ˈʊndɐ/
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• Scotland: /ˈʌndəɾ/
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• General-American: ŭnʹ-dər
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• General-American: /ˈʌndɚ/
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• General-American: [ˈʌn(ɾ)ɚ]
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• General-American: [ˈʌɾ̃ɚ]
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• General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -ʌndə(ɹ)
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• CMU ARPABET: AH1 N D ER0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English under, from Old English under, from Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from a merger of Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dhér (“under”) and *h1entér (“inside”). Cognate with German unter, Dutch onder, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish under, Faroese and Icelandic undir; also Old High German untar (“under”), Sanskrit अन्तर् (antar, “within”), Latin infrā (“below, beneath”) and inter (“between, among”).

221 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Catalan: sota — In a way lower or less than
• Chechen: кӏел (kʼel) — In a way lower or less than
• Esperanto: malsupre — In a way lower or less than
• French: dessous — In a way lower or less than
• Higaonon: didalum — In a way lower or less than
• Hungarian: lent — In a way lower or less than
• Ingush: кӏал (kʼal) — In a way lower or less than
• Japanese: 下の (shita no) — In a way lower or less than
• Japanese: したの (shita no) — In a way lower or less than
• Maranao: didalem — In a way lower or less than
• Tagalog: ibaba — In a way lower or less than
• Finnish: huonommin — In a way inferior to
• French: moins — In a way inferior to
• Japanese: 下の (shita no) — In a way inferior to
• Japanese: したの (shita no) — In a way inferior to
• Romanian: sub — In a way inferior to
• Tok Pisin: ananit — In a way inferior to
• Afrikaans: onder — at a lower level than
• Albanian: në — at a lower level than
• Albanian: nën — at a lower level than
• Arabic: تَحْتَ (taḥta) — at a lower level than
• Arabic: تحت (taḥt) — at a lower level than
• Armenian: տակ (tak) — at a lower level than
• Armenian: ներքո (nerkʻo) — at a lower level than
• Armenian: ներքեւում (nerkʻewum) — at a lower level than
• Aromanian: dighios — at a lower level than
• Azerbaijani: altında — at a lower level than
• Belarusian: пад (pad) — at a lower level than
• Bengali: নিচে (nice) — at a lower level than
• Breton: dindan — at a lower level than
• Bulgarian: под (pod) — at a lower level than
• Burmese: အောက် (auk) — at a lower level than
• Catalan: davall — at a lower level than
• Catalan: sota — at a lower level than
• Cherokee: ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ (hawinaditlv) — at a lower level than
• Chinese Mandarin: 在...之下 (zài...zhīxià) — at a lower level than
• East Circassian: щӏагъ (śʼağ) — at a lower level than
• West Circassian: чӏэгъ (ĉʼɛğ) — at a lower level than
• Ngazidja Comorian: ho-ntsini mwa — at a lower level than
• Czech: pod — at a lower level than
• Dalmatian: sote — at a lower level than
• Danish: under — at a lower level than
• Dutch: onder — at a lower level than
• Esperanto: sub — at a lower level than
• Estonian: all — at a lower level than
• Finnish: alla — at a lower level than
• Finnish: alapuolella — at a lower level than
• Finnish: alempana — at a lower level than
• French: sous — at a lower level than
• Middle French: soubs — at a lower level than
• Middle French: soubtz — at a lower level than
• Middle French: soubz — at a lower level than
• Old French: souz — at a lower level than
• Old French: sus — at a lower level than
• North Frisian: öner — at a lower level than
• Saterland Frisian: unner — at a lower level than
• West-Frisian: ûnder — at a lower level than
• Friulian: sot — at a lower level than
• Georgian: ქვეშ (kveš) — at a lower level than
• German: unter — at a lower level than
• Greek: κάτω (káto) — at a lower level than
• Ancient Greek: ὑπό (hupó) — at a lower level than
• Hebrew: תַּחַת (tákhat) — at a lower level than
• Hindi: ... के नीचे (... ke nīce) — at a lower level than
• Hungarian: alatt — at a lower level than
• Icelandic: undir — at a lower level than
• Ido: sub — at a lower level than
• Indonesian: di bawah — at a lower level than
• Indonesian: bawah — at a lower level than
• Irish: faoi — at a lower level than
• Italian: sotto — at a lower level than
• Japanese: ...下に (...shita ni) — at a lower level than
• Kazakh: астында (astynda) — at a lower level than
• Khalaj: asra — at a lower level than
• Khalaj: ast — at a lower level than
• Khmer: ក្រោម (kraom) — at a lower level than
• Khmer: ខាងក្រោម (khaaŋ kraom) — at a lower level than
• Korean: ...아래에서 (...araeeseo) — at a lower level than
• Korean: ...아래의 (...arae'ui) — at a lower level than
• Central Kurdish: لە ژێر ... دا (le jêr ... da) — at a lower level than
• Northern Kurdish: di bin ... de — at a lower level than
• Northern Kurdish: di bin — at a lower level than
• Kyrgyz: астында (astında) — at a lower level than
• Lao: ໃຕ້ (tai) — at a lower level than
• Latin: sub — at a lower level than
• Latvian: zem — at a lower level than
• Latvian: apakš — at a lower level than
• Lithuanian: po — at a lower level than
• Macedonian: под (pod) — at a lower level than
• Malay: di bawah — at a lower level than
• Malay: bawah — at a lower level than
• Maltese: taħt — at a lower level than
• Māori: raro — at a lower level than
• Mongolian: дор (dor) — at a lower level than
• Mongolian: доош (dooš) — at a lower level than
• Neapolitan: a sotto — at a lower level than
• Norman: souôs — at a lower level than
• Norwegian: under — at a lower level than
• Occitan: sota — at a lower level than
• Pashto: د لاندی (dë lânde) — at a lower level than
• Pashto: لاندی (lânde) — at a lower level than
• Persian: تحت (taht) — at a lower level than
• Persian: زیر (zir) — at a lower level than
• Polish: pod — at a lower level than
• Portuguese: debaixo — at a lower level than
• Portuguese: sob — at a lower level than
• Romanian: sub — at a lower level than
• Romansh: sut — at a lower level than
• Romansh: sot — at a lower level than
• Romansh: suot — at a lower level than
• Russian: под (pod) — at a lower level than
• Russian: ни́же (níže) — at a lower level than
• Northern Sami: vuolde — at a lower level than
• Sanskrit: अधस् (adhás) — at a lower level than
• Sardinian: suta — at a lower level than
• Scots: unner — at a lower level than
• Scottish Gaelic: fo — at a lower level than
• Serbo-Croatian: под — at a lower level than
• Serbo-Croatian: pod — at a lower level than
• Slovak: pod — at a lower level than
• Slovene: pod — at a lower level than
• Lower Sorbian: pód — at a lower level than
• Spanish: bajo — at a lower level than
• Spanish: debajo de — at a lower level than
• Spanish: so — at a lower level than
• Swedish: under — at a lower level than
• Swedish: nedanför — at a lower level than
• Swedish: nedan för — at a lower level than
• Tajik: таҳти (taht-i) — at a lower level than
• Thai: ใต้ (dtâai) — at a lower level than
• Thai: ภายใต้ (paai-dtâai) — at a lower level than
• Tocharian B: ñor — at a lower level than
• Tok Pisin: ananit — at a lower level than
• Tok Pisin: aninit — at a lower level than
• Turkish: altında — at a lower level than
• Turkmen: astynda — at a lower level than
• Turkmen: aşagynda — at a lower level than
• Tuvan: адаанда (adaanda) — at a lower level than
• Ukrainian: під (pid) — at a lower level than
• Uyghur: ئاستىدا (astida) — at a lower level than
• Uzbek: ostida — at a lower level than
• Vietnamese: dưới — at a lower level than
• Welsh: dan — at a lower level than
• Welsh: tan — at a lower level than
• Yiddish: אונטער (unter) — at a lower level than
• Yoruba: lábẹ́ — at a lower level than
• Arabic: تَحْتَ (taḥta) — beneath the surface of
• Armenian: տակ (tak) — beneath the surface of
• Belarusian: пад (pad) — beneath the surface of
• Catalan: davall — beneath the surface of
• Catalan: sota — beneath the surface of
• Chickasaw: nota' — beneath the surface of
• Chinese Mandarin: 在......底下 (zài ... dǐxia) — beneath the surface of
• Chinese Mandarin: 在......以下 (zài ... yǐxià) — beneath the surface of
• Czech: pod — beneath the surface of
• Dutch: onder — beneath the surface of
• Finnish: alla — beneath the surface of
• French: sous — beneath the surface of
• German: unter — beneath the surface of
• Ancient Greek: ὑπό (hupó) — beneath the surface of
• Hindi: ... के नीचे (... ke nīce) — beneath the surface of
• Hungarian: alatt — beneath the surface of
• Japanese: 下に (shita ni) — beneath the surface of
• Japanese: したに (shita ni) — beneath the surface of
• Korean: ...아래에 (...araee) — beneath the surface of
• Latvian: zem — beneath the surface of
• Macedonian: под (pod) — beneath the surface of
• Norman: souôs — beneath the surface of
• Polish: pod — beneath the surface of
• Portuguese: embaixo de — beneath the surface of
• Portuguese: sob — beneath the surface of
• Romanian: sub — beneath the surface of
• Russian: под (pod) — beneath the surface of
• Scottish Gaelic: fo — beneath the surface of
• Lower Sorbian: pód — beneath the surface of
• Spanish: bajo — beneath the surface of
• Spanish: debajo de — beneath the surface of
• Swedish: under — beneath the surface of
• Turkish: altında — beneath the surface of
• Ukrainian: під (pid) — beneath the surface of
• Urdu: ... کے نیچے (... ke nīce) — beneath the surface of
• Yoruba: lábẹ́ — beneath the surface of
• Catalan: sota — subject to
• Dutch: onder — subject to
• Finnish: alamainen — subject to
• French: sous — subject to
• German: unter — subject to
• Japanese: ...下に (...shita ni) — subject to
• Norman: souôs — subject to
• Polish: pod — subject to
• Portuguese: sob — subject to
• Scottish Gaelic: fo — subject to
• Spanish: so — subject to
• Spanish: bajo — subject to
• Spanish: sota — subject to
• Swedish: under — subject to
• Catalan: sota — subordinate to
• French: sous — subordinate to
• German: unter — subordinate to
• Spanish: bajo (las órdenes de) — subordinate to
• Spanish: so — subordinate to
• Spanish: sota — subordinate to
• Catalan: menys de — less than
• Dutch: onder — less than
• Dutch: minder dan — less than
• Finnish: alle — less than
• Finnish: vähemmän kuin — less than
• French: moins de — less than
• German: unter — less than
• German: weniger als — less than
• Japanese: 下に (shita ni) — less than
• Japanese: したに (shita ni) — less than
• Macedonian: помалку од (pomalku od) — less than
• Polish: poniżej — less than
• Polish: mniej niż — less than
• Portuguese: menos que/de — less than
• Russian: ме́ньше (ménʹše) — less than
• Russian: ни́же (níže) — less than
• Scottish Gaelic: fo — less than
• Spanish: abajo de — less than
• Spanish: menos de — less than