victual

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• Received-Pronunciation: /ˈvɪtəl/
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• Received-Pronunciation: [ˈvɪtɫ̩]
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• Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• General-American: /ˈvɪtəl/
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• General-American: [-ɾ(ə)ɫ]
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• rhymes with -ɪtəl
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From Middle English vitaile, vitaylle (“food; food and drink, especially as needed for sustenance; (usually in the plural) food and drink stores or supplies; rations; provision of food and drink as a military stipend; crops”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman vitaile, vitaille [and other forms] and Old French vitaile, vitaille, victaille (“food, provisions, victuals”) [and other forms] (modern French victuaille), from Late Latin vīctuālia, the neuter plural of vīctuālis (“nutritional”), from Latin vīctus (“that which sustains life, diet, nourishment, provision”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns). Vīctus is derived from vīvō (“to live; to be alive, survive; to reside in”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gweyh3- (“to live”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs). The spelling of the modern English and French words has been influenced by Late Latin vīctuālia, though the pronunciation of the Middle English, Anglo-Norman, and Middle French words has been retained.

From Middle English vitailen (“to provide (someone, a castle, a ship, etc., or oneself) with supplies of food, drink, or other needs; (figuratively) to load (a ship with troops and materiel); to fortify, nourish”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman vitailer, vitailler, and Old French vitailler, victuailler [and other forms], from vitaile, vitaille, victaille (“food, provisions, victuals”) (see further at etymology 1) + -er (a variant of -ier (suffix forming infinitives of first conjugation verbs)).

58 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Bulgarian: храна (hrana) — food fit for human consumption
• Czech: jídlo — food fit for human consumption
• German: Lebensmittel — food fit for human consumption
• German: Nahrungsmittel — food fit for human consumption
• German: Viktualien — food fit for human consumption
• Old English: fóstraþ — food fit for human consumption
• Old English: bíleofa — food fit for human consumption
• Old English: swǽsendu — food fit for human consumption
• Polish: pokarm — food fit for human consumption
• Polish: pożywienie — food fit for human consumption
• Russian: съестно́е — food fit for human consumption
• Armenian: մթերք (mtʻerkʻ) — food supplies; provisions
• Bulgarian: продоволствие (prodovolstvie) — food supplies; provisions
• Bulgarian: провизии (provizii) — food supplies; provisions
• Czech: jídlo — food supplies; provisions
• Czech: proviant — food supplies; provisions
• Danish: proviant — food supplies; provisions
• Danish: viktualier — food supplies; provisions
• Dutch: proviand — food supplies; provisions
• French: victuaille — food supplies; provisions
• French: victuailles — food supplies; provisions
• French: vivres — food supplies; provisions
• Galician: vitualla — food supplies; provisions
• Georgian: პროვიზია (ṗrovizia) — food supplies; provisions
• Georgian: სანოვაგე (sanovage) — food supplies; provisions
• Georgian: ხორაგი (xoragi) — food supplies; provisions
• Georgian: სურსათი (sursati) — food supplies; provisions
• German: Proviant — food supplies; provisions
• German: Vorräte — food supplies; provisions
• German: Vorrat — food supplies; provisions
• Hindi: आहार (āhār) — food supplies; provisions
• Italian: vettovaglia — food supplies; provisions
• Māori: kamenga — food supplies; provisions
• Polish: prowiant — food supplies; provisions
• Portuguese: vitualhas — food supplies; provisions
• Portuguese: viadalhas — food supplies; provisions
• Portuguese: mantimentos — food supplies; provisions
• Russian: провиа́нт (proviánt) — food supplies; provisions
• Sanskrit: खाद्य (khādya) — food supplies; provisions
• Sanskrit: प्सुरस् (psuras) — food supplies; provisions
• Spanish: vitualla — food supplies; provisions
• Spanish: vituallas — food supplies; provisions
• Spanish: víveres — food supplies; provisions
• Swedish: viktualie — food supplies; provisions
• Swedish: proviant — food supplies; provisions
• Czech: zásobit potravinami — to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision
• Old French: vitailler — to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision
• Italian: vettovagliare — to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision
• Middle English: vitailen — to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision
• Old English: fóstrian — to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision
• Polish: prowiantować — to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision
• Polish: zaprowiantować — to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision
• Portuguese: vitualhar — to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision
• Spanish: vituallar — to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision
• Czech: zásobit potravinami — to lay in or procure food supplies
• Old English: fóstrian — to lay in or procure food supplies
• Polish: prowiantować — to lay in or procure food supplies
• Polish: zaprowiantować — to lay in or procure food supplies