vindication

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• Received-Pronunciation: /ˌvɪndɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
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• Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• General-American: /ˌvɪndəˈkeɪʃən/
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• rhymes with -eɪʃən
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• CMU ARPABET: V IH0 N D AH0 K EY1 SH AH0 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Late Middle English vendicacion, vyndicacion, vyndycacion (“assertion of a claim”), from Old French vindication (“revenge, vengeance”) (modern dialectal French vindication), or from Medieval Latin vendicātio, both from Latin vindicātiō (“avenging; defence, protection, vindication; punishment; etc.”), from vindicō (“to avenge; to take revenge on; to protect from; etc.”) + -tiō (suffix forming nouns from verbs, denoting processes, actions, or results of actions). Vindicō is derived from vindex (“claimant, vindicator; defender, protector”) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs); and vindex from vim (the accusative singular form of vīs (“force; power, strength; etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyh1- (“to chase, pursue; to persecute; to suppress”)) + dīcere (the present active infinitive of dīcō (“to declare, state; to refer to; to say, talk; etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point out, show”)). By surface analysis, vindicate + -ion (suffix denoting an action or process, or its result).

72 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Finnish: vapauttava peruste — argument, fact, piece of evidence, etc., which vindicates
• Finnish: vapauttava todiste — argument, fact, piece of evidence, etc., which vindicates
• Hindi: प्रमाण (pramāṇ) — argument, fact, piece of evidence, etc., which vindicates
• Arabic: تَزْكِيَة (tazkiya) — action of vindicating
• Armenian: արդարացում (ardaracʻum) — action of vindicating
• Bulgarian: доказателство (dokazatelstvo) — action of vindicating
• Bulgarian: основание (osnovanie) — action of vindicating
• Bulgarian: застъпване (zastǎpvane) — action of vindicating
• Bulgarian: защита (zaštita) — action of vindicating
• Catalan: reivindicació — action of vindicating
• Chinese Mandarin: 辯護 /辩护 (biànhù) — action of vindicating
• Danish: oprejsning — action of vindicating
• Dutch: bewijs — action of vindicating
• Dutch: rechtvaardiging — action of vindicating
• Esperanto: apologio — action of vindicating
• Finnish: epäilyksistä vapautuminen — action of vindicating
• French: justification — action of vindicating
• Georgian: ვინდიკაცია (vindiḳacia) — action of vindicating
• Georgian: დასაბუთება (dasabuteba) — action of vindicating
• Georgian: გამართლება (gamartleba) — action of vindicating
• Georgian: მტკიცებულება (mṭḳicebuleba) — action of vindicating
• Georgian: რეაბილიტაცია (reabiliṭacia) — action of vindicating
• German: Beweis — action of vindicating
• German: Eintreten — action of vindicating
• German: Entlastung — action of vindicating
• German: Nachweis — action of vindicating
• German: Rechtfertigung — action of vindicating
• German: Rehabilitation — action of vindicating
• German: Rehabilitierung — action of vindicating
• German: Verteidigung — action of vindicating
• Greek: δικαίωση (dikaíosi) — action of vindicating
• Icelandic: uppreisn æru — action of vindicating
• Italian: vendicazione — action of vindicating
• Italian: rivendicazione — action of vindicating
• Japanese: 立証 (risshō) — action of vindicating
• Japanese: 支持 (shiji) — action of vindicating
• Japanese: 証拠 (shōko) — action of vindicating
• Japanese: 擁護 (yōgo) — action of vindicating
• Korean: 옹호 (ongho) — action of vindicating
• Latin: vindicatio — action of vindicating
• Latin: vindicta — action of vindicating
• Latin: revendicatio — action of vindicating
• Latin: expūrgātiō — action of vindicating
• Latin: prōpugnātiō — action of vindicating
• Manx: coadey — action of vindicating
• Māori: whakaharakoretanga — action of vindicating
• Polish: pomsta — action of vindicating
• Polish: usprawiedliwienie — action of vindicating
• Polish: uzasadnienie — action of vindicating
• Polish: zadośćuczynienie — action of vindicating
• Portuguese: vindicação — action of vindicating
• Portuguese: reivindicação — action of vindicating
• Portuguese: justificação — action of vindicating
• Russian: доказа́тельство (dokazátelʹstvo) — action of vindicating
• Russian: виндика́ция (vindikácija) — action of vindicating
• Russian: обоснова́ние (obosnovánije) — action of vindicating
• Russian: оправда́ние (opravdánije) — action of vindicating
• Russian: реабилита́ция (reabilitácija) — action of vindicating
• Serbo-Croatian: виндика́ција — action of vindicating
• Serbo-Croatian: vindikácija — action of vindicating
• Spanish: vindicación — action of vindicating
• Spanish: justificación — action of vindicating
• Swedish: återupprättelse — action of vindicating
• Turkish: doğrulama — action of vindicating
• Turkish: kanıtlama — action of vindicating
• Turkish: teyit — action of vindicating
• Ukrainian: реабіліта́ція (reabilitácija) — action of vindicating
• Ukrainian: ви́правдання (výpravdannja) — action of vindicating
• Welsh: cyfiawnhad — action of vindicating
• Finnish: epäilyksistä vapautuminen — state of being vindicated
• Finnish: vindikaatio — legal claim for a declaration that one is the owner of a thing or the holder of a right
• French: vendication — legal claim for a declaration that one is the owner of a thing or the holder of a right