Standard Lemma guide

virama

noun · 2 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

No pronunciation record was provided for this word.

1

noun

Meaning 1

A diacritic used in most writing systems of the Indian subcontinent to signify the lack of an inherent vowel.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • a Devanagari example: क (ka) + ् = क् (k)

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

A sign which serves the same purpose in any writing system.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

History

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विराम (virāma, “stop”).

Across languages

Translations

42 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: وِرَام (wirām) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Balinese: adeg-adeg — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Balinese: ᭄ — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Bengali: হসন্ত (hośonto) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Bengali: ্ — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Burmese: အသတ် (a.sat) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Burmese: ဝိရာမ (wi.rama.) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Burmese: တံခွန် (tamhkwan) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Burmese: ္ — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Greek: βιράμα (viráma) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Hindi: हलंत (halant) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Hindi: हलन्त (halant) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Hindi: विराम (virām) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Hindi: ् — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Javanese: ꦥꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (pangkon) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Javanese: ꧀ — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Kannada: ಹಲಂತ (halanta) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Kannada: ್ — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Khmer: វិរាម (viriəm) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Malayalam: ചന്ദ്രക്കല (candrakkala) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Malayalam: ് — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Marathi: हलंत (halanta) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Marathi: ् — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Odia: ହଳନ୍ତ (haḷanta) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Odia: ୍ — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Polish: virama — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Punjabi: ਹਲਂਤ (halant) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Punjabi: ୍ — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Russian: вира́ма (viráma) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Sanskrit: विराम (virāma) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Sanskrit: ् — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Tagalog: pamudpod — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Tamil: புள்ளி (puḷḷi) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Tamil: ் — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Telugu: విరామ (virāma) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Telugu: హలంతు (halantu) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Telugu: ్ — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Thai: การันต์ (gaa-ran) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Thai: ทัณฑฆาต (tan-tá-kâat) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Thai: พินทุ (pin-tú) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Thai: ฺ — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel
  • Tibetan: སྲོག་མེད (srog med) — a diacritic to signify the lack of a vowel