virulent

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• Received-Pronunciation: /ˈvɪɹ(j)ʊl(ə)nt/
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• Received-Pronunciation: /-ɹ(j)ə-/
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• Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• General-American: /ˈvɪɹ(j)ələnt/
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• CMU ARPABET: V IH1 R AH0 L AH0 N T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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PIE word *wisós From Middle English virulent (“leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)”) [and other forms], borrowed from Latin vīrulentus (“poisonous”), from vīrus (“poison; venom; slime, slimy liquid; stinking smell; nasty taste”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison; slime; fluidity”)) + -ulentus (suffix meaning ‘abounding in, full of’, forming adjectives). Sense 4 (“of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis”) is derived from French virulent, which was first used in this sense by the French biologist François Jacob (1920–2013) and his co-authors in a 1953 article.

51 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Bulgarian: силно отровен (silno otroven) — extremely venomous or poisonous
• German: hochgiftig — extremely venomous or poisonous
• Northern Kurdish: jehrewî — extremely venomous or poisonous
• Norwegian Bokmål: giftig — extremely venomous or poisonous
• Polish: jadowity — extremely venomous or poisonous
• Portuguese: virulento — extremely venomous or poisonous
• Serbo-Croatian: вирулѐнтно — extremely venomous or poisonous
• Serbo-Croatian: virulèntno — extremely venomous or poisonous
• Bulgarian: злобен (zloben) — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• Bulgarian: враждебен (vraždeben) — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• Czech: nepřátelský — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• Finnish: katkera — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• Finnish: vihamielinen — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• French: virulent — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• German: bösartig — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• German: boshaft — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• Norwegian Bokmål: ondskapsfull — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• Norwegian Bokmål: giftig — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• Norwegian Bokmål: virulent — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• Polish: zjadliwy — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• Romanian: virulent — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• Serbo-Croatian: вирулѐнтно — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• Serbo-Croatian: virulèntno — extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious
• Bulgarian: болестотворен (bolestotvoren) — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Catalan: virulent — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Czech: virulentní — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Czech: nakažlivý — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Esperanto: virulenta — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Finnish: tappava — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Finnish: tarttuva — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Finnish: vahingollinen — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• French: virulent — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Georgian: გადამდები (gadamdebi) — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Georgian: სასიკვდილო (sasiḳvdilo) — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Georgian: სენიანი (seniani) — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• German: virulent — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• German: extrem ansteckend — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• German: bösartig — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Hungarian: virulens — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Macedonian: заразен (zarazen) — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Norwegian Bokmål: virulent — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Polish: złośliwy — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Portuguese: virulento — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Romanian: virulent — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Russian: заразный (zaraznyj) — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Serbo-Croatian: вирулѐнтно — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Serbo-Croatian: virulèntno — malignant, able to cause damage to the host
• Polish: złośliwy — of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis
• Portuguese: virulento — of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis
• Serbo-Croatian: вирулѐнтно — of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis
• Serbo-Croatian: virulèntno — of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis