Phrase guide

what if

adv · 3 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

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1

adv

Meaning 1

Used to introduce a suggestion or proposal for a future event.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • What if we arrange it for 9:00 instead of 10:00?

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

adv

Meaning 2

Used to introduce a speculation about a future event.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • What if we could learn to get along? What would happen then?

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

adv

Meaning 3

Used to introduce a speculation about a past event. Often the basis for counterfactual historical interpretations.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • What if Abraham Lincoln had not been assassinated? How might the Reconstruction of the Southern States have been handled?

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

History

Etymology

Dates back at least to Old English hwæt ġif, of the same meaning. A similar expression occurs in Latin in the Vulgate, Acts 23:9, "Factus est autem clamor magnus. Et surgentes quidam pharisaeorum, pugnabant, decentes: Nihil mali inveniumus in homine isto: quid si Spiritus locutus est ei, aut angelus?" ("And there arose a great cry. And some of the Pharisees rising up, strove, saying: We find no evil in this man. What if a spirit hath spoken to him, or an angel?" Douay-Rheims translation)

Across languages

Translations

48 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Chinese Cantonese: 不如 (bat1 jyu4) — used to introduce suggestion
  • Chinese Mandarin: 不如 (bùrú) — used to introduce suggestion
  • Classical Chinese: 何如 (hérú) — used to introduce suggestion
  • Classical Chinese: 莫若 (mòruò) — used to introduce suggestion
  • Classical Chinese: 莫如 (mòrú) — used to introduce suggestion
  • Czech: co takhle — used to introduce suggestion
  • Finnish: entä jos — used to introduce suggestion
  • Finnish: mitä jos — used to introduce suggestion
  • French: et si — used to introduce suggestion
  • German: was wenn — used to introduce suggestion
  • Greek: και αν (kai an) — used to introduce suggestion
  • Norwegian: hva om — used to introduce suggestion
  • Old English: hwæt ġif — used to introduce suggestion
  • Old English: hū ġif — used to introduce suggestion
  • Polish: a jeśli — used to introduce suggestion
  • Portuguese: que tal — used to introduce suggestion
  • Spanish: y si — used to introduce suggestion
  • Spanish: qué tal si — used to introduce suggestion
  • Swedish: tänk om — used to introduce suggestion
  • Turkish: peki ya — used to introduce suggestion
  • Chinese Cantonese: 萬一 /万一 (maan6 jat1) — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Chinese Mandarin: 萬一 /万一 (wànyī) — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Min Nan Chinese: 萬不二 /万不二 (bān-put-jī/bān-put-lī) — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Czech: co kdyby — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Finnish: entä jos — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Finnish: mitä jos — used to introduce speculation about future
  • French: et si — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Greek: και αν (kai an) — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Hungarian: mi lenne, ha — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Norwegian: hva om — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Old English: hwæt ġif — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Old English: hū ġif — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Portuguese: e se — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Spanish: y si — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Spanish: qué pasaría si — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Swedish: tänk om — used to introduce speculation about future
  • Chinese Cantonese: 萬一 /万一 (maan6 jat1) — used to introduce speculation about past
  • Chinese Mandarin: 萬一 /万一 (wànyī) — used to introduce speculation about past
  • Min Nan Chinese: 萬不二 /万不二 (bān-put-jī/bān-put-lī) — used to introduce speculation about past
  • Czech: co když — used to introduce speculation about past
  • Czech: co kdyby — used to introduce speculation about past
  • Finnish: entä jos — used to introduce speculation about past
  • Finnish: mitä jos — used to introduce speculation about past
  • French: et si — used to introduce speculation about past
  • Greek: και αν (kai an) — used to introduce speculation about past
  • Old English: hwæt ġif — used to introduce speculation about past
  • Old English: hū ġif — used to introduce speculation about past
  • Swedish: tänk om — used to introduce speculation about past