Standard Lemma guide

working

adj · name · noun · verb · 19 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˈwɜːkɪŋ/
  • General-American: /ˈwɝkɪŋ/
  • General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -ɜː(ɹ)kɪŋ
  • CMU ARPABET: W ER1 K IH0 NG Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

That is or are functioning.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • a working ventilator

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

adj

Meaning 2

That suffices but requires additional work; provisional.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • a working copy of the script
  • a working title

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

adj

Meaning 3

In paid employment.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • Working mothers have recently joined the factory's workforce.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

adj

Meaning 4

Of or relating to employment.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • the working week

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

adj

Meaning 5

Enough to allow one to use something.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • have a working knowledge of computers

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

adj

Meaning 6

Used in real life; practical.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • The working minimum focus distance is the distance from the closest focusable subject to the lens.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

adj

Meaning 7

Efficacious.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable, obsolete

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

name

Meaning 8

A surname from German.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

noun

Meaning 9

Operation; action.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, plural-normally, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

10

noun

Meaning 10

Method of operation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

11

noun

Meaning 11

The incidental or subsidiary calculations performed in solving an overall problem.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Topics: arithmetic

Examples

  • Be sure to check your working.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

12

noun

Meaning 12

Fermentation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

13

noun

Meaning 13

Becoming full of a vegetable substance.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

14

noun

Meaning 14

A place where work is carried on.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • the abandoned mine workings

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

15

noun

Meaning 15

A train movement.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

16

verb

Meaning 16

present participle and gerund of work

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: form-of, gerund, participle, present

Examples

  • Leave him alone; he’s working.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

17

adjective satellite

Meaning 17

serving to permit or facilitate further work or activity

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • discussed the working draft of a peace treaty
  • they need working agreements with their neighbor states on interstate projects

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

18

adjective satellite

Meaning 18

adequate for practical use; especially sufficient in strength or numbers to accomplish something

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the party has a working majority in the House
  • a working knowledge of Spanish

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

19

noun

Meaning 19

a mine or quarry that is being or has been worked

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: workings

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: excavation

History

Etymology

From Middle English workyng, wirkynge, worchinge, werchinge, workinde, wirkand, worchende, wurchende, from Old English wyrċende, from Proto-Germanic *wurkijandz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”), equivalent to work + -ing. Compare Scots wirkand, werkand, warkand (“working”), Dutch werkend (“working, acting”), German wirkend (“acting, working”).

Probably an Americanized form of German Werking.

From Middle English werking, werkynge, warkynge, worchinge, from Old English wyrċing (“working”), verbal noun of wyrċan (“to work”), equivalent to work + -ing. Cognate with Scots wirking, warking, Dutch werking, German Wirkung.

Across languages

Translations

65 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Armenian: աշխատող (ašxatoġ) — functioning
  • Bulgarian: работещ (rabotešt) — functioning
  • Danish: fungerende — functioning
  • Esperanto: funkcianta — functioning
  • Finnish: toimiva — functioning
  • Georgian: მუშა (muša) — functioning
  • Italian: funzionante — functioning
  • Portuguese: funcional — functioning
  • Romanian: funcțional — functioning
  • Russian: работоспособный (rabotosposobnyj) — functioning
  • Russian: рабо́чий (rabóčij) — functioning
  • Swedish: fungerande — functioning
  • Armenian: աշխատանքային (ašxatankʻayin) — suffices but requires additional work
  • Bulgarian: работен (raboten) — suffices but requires additional work
  • Finnish: työ- — suffices but requires additional work
  • Finnish: keskeneräinen — suffices but requires additional work
  • Polish: roboczy — suffices but requires additional work
  • Russian: рабочий (rabočij) — suffices but requires additional work
  • Russian: рабочая (rabočaja) — suffices but requires additional work
  • Russian: рабочее (rabočeje) — suffices but requires additional work
  • Russian: рабочие (rabočije) — suffices but requires additional work
  • Spanish: bosquejado — suffices but requires additional work
  • Spanish: esbozado — suffices but requires additional work
  • Armenian: աշխատող (ašxatoġ) — in paid employment
  • Bulgarian: работещ (rabotešt) — in paid employment
  • Danish: erhvervsaktiv — in paid employment
  • Finnish: työssäkäyvä — in paid employment
  • Finnish: työtätekevä — in paid employment
  • Norwegian Bokmål: yrkesaktiv — in paid employment
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: yrkesaktiv — in paid employment
  • Russian: работающий (rabotajuščij) — in paid employment
  • Russian: работающая (rabotajuščaja) — in paid employment
  • Russian: работающее (rabotajuščeje) — in paid employment
  • Russian: работающие (rabotajuščije) — in paid employment
  • Armenian: աշխատանքային (ašxatankʻayin) — of or relating to employment
  • Bulgarian: работнически (rabotničeski) — of or relating to employment
  • Finnish: työ- — of or relating to employment
  • Italian: lavorativo — of or relating to employment
  • Polish: roboczy — of or relating to employment
  • Finnish: riittävä — enough to allow one to use something
  • Bulgarian: действие (dejstvie) — operation; action
  • Bulgarian: функциониране (funkcionirane) — operation; action
  • Finnish: työ — operation; action
  • Finnish: työskenteleminen — operation; action
  • Finnish: työn tekeminen — operation; action
  • Finnish: toimiminen — operation; action
  • Portuguese: serviço — operation; action
  • Russian: действие (dejstvije) — operation; action
  • Russian: функционирование (funkcionirovanije) — operation; action
  • Bulgarian: действие (dejstvie) — method of operation
  • Bulgarian: опериране (operirane) — method of operation
  • Bulgarian: обработка (obrabotka) — method of operation
  • Finnish: toimintatapa — method of operation
  • Finnish: työskentelytapa — method of operation
  • French: fonctionnement — method of operation
  • German: Ansatz — method of operation
  • Portuguese: funcionamento — method of operation
  • Russian: действие (dejstvije) — method of operation
  • Russian: оперирование (operirovanije) — method of operation
  • Russian: обработка (obrabotka) — method of operation
  • Russian: способ (sposob) — method of operation
  • Bulgarian: ферментация (fermentacija) — fermentation
  • Finnish: käyminen — fermentation
  • Russian: ферментация (fermentacija) — fermentation
  • Finnish: rehevöityminen — becoming full of a vegetable substance
Real reading context

working in complete knowledge articles