against

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• Canada, Received-Pronunciation: /əˈɡɛ̟nst/
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• Canada, Received-Pronunciation: /əˈɡeɪ̯nst/
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• General-American: /əˈɡɛ̟nst/
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• /əˈɡɪ̟nst/ Southern US, African-American Vernacular, pin–pen merger
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• Australian, New-Zealand: /əˈɡe̟nst/
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• Australian, New-Zealand: /əˈɡæ̝ɪ̯nst/
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• rhymes with -ɛnst
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• rhymes with -eɪnst
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• CMU ARPABET: AH0 G EH1 N S T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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• CMU ARPABET 2: AH0 G EY1 N S T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h1én Proto-Germanic *in Proto-Indo-European *ǵhengh-der. Proto-Germanic *ganganąder.? Proto-Germanic *gagin Proto-Germanic *in gagin Proto-West Germanic *in gagin Old English onġēander. Middle English ayenes English against Formed from Middle English ayenes, agenes, againes (“in opposition to”), a southern variant of agen, or directly from again, either way with adverbial genitive singular ending -es; the parasitic -t was added circa 1350, probably by confusion with the superlative ending -est. By surface analysis, again + -st (excrescent ending). Cognate with Saterland Frisian juun (“against”), West Frisian tsjin (“against”), Dutch tegen (“against”), German Low German gegen (“against”), German gegen (“against”), Icelandic gegn (“against”).

324 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Dutch: tegen dat — by the time that
• Dutch: totdat — by the time that
• Dutch: voordat — by the time that
• Finnish: ennen kuin — by the time that
• Afrikaans: teen — in a contrary direction to
• Albanian: kundër — in a contrary direction to
• Albanian: përballë — in a contrary direction to
• Arabic: ضد (ḍidd) — in a contrary direction to
• Armenian: հակառակ (hakaṙak) — in a contrary direction to
• Asturian: contra — in a contrary direction to
• Azerbaijani: qarşı — in a contrary direction to
• Basque: aurka — in a contrary direction to
• Belarusian: су́праць (súpracʹ) — in a contrary direction to
• Breton: ouz — in a contrary direction to
• Bulgarian: обратно на (obratno na) — in a contrary direction to
• Bulgarian: про́тив (prótiv) — in a contrary direction to
• Catalan: contra — in a contrary direction to
• Czech: proti — in a contrary direction to
• Dalmatian: cuantra — in a contrary direction to
• Danish: mod — in a contrary direction to
• Danish: imod — in a contrary direction to
• Dutch: tegen — in a contrary direction to
• Esperanto: kontraŭ — in a contrary direction to
• Finnish: vastaan — in a contrary direction to
• Finnish: vastavirtaan — in a contrary direction to
• French: contre — in a contrary direction to
• West-Frisian: tsjin — in a contrary direction to
• Friulian: cuintri — in a contrary direction to
• Galician: contra — in a contrary direction to
• Georgian: საწინააღმდეგო (sac̣inaaɣmdego) — in a contrary direction to
• German: gegen — in a contrary direction to
• Greek: κόντρα (kóntra) — in a contrary direction to
• Ancient Greek: ἀντί (antí) — in a contrary direction to
• Hebrew: נגד (neged) — in a contrary direction to
• Ido: kontre — in a contrary direction to
• Ingrian: vassoin — in a contrary direction to
• Ingrian: vassen — in a contrary direction to
• Irish: in aghaidh — in a contrary direction to
• Irish: in éadan — in a contrary direction to
• Italian: contrario — in a contrary direction to
• Italian: contro — in a contrary direction to
• Japanese: ...に反して (...ni han shite) — in a contrary direction to
• Khmer: ប្រឆាំងនឹង (prɑchaŋ nɨŋ) — in a contrary direction to
• Korean: 거슬러 (geoseulleo) — in a contrary direction to
• Korean: 맞서 (matseo) — in a contrary direction to
• Northern Kurdish: dijî — in a contrary direction to
• Latin: contra — in a contrary direction to
• Latin: in — in a contrary direction to
• Latvian: pret — in a contrary direction to
• Macedonian: наспроти (nasproti) — in a contrary direction to
• Macedonian: против (protiv) — in a contrary direction to
• Malayalam: എതിരെ (etire) — in a contrary direction to
• Navajo: bikʼą́ą́h — in a contrary direction to
• Neapolitan: cóntro — in a contrary direction to
• Norwegian: mot — in a contrary direction to
• Norwegian Bokmål: imot — in a contrary direction to
• Norwegian Nynorsk: imot — in a contrary direction to
• Persian: ضد (zedd) — in a contrary direction to
• Polish: przeciw — in a contrary direction to
• Polish: pod — in a contrary direction to
• Portuguese: contra — in a contrary direction to
• Romanian: contra — in a contrary direction to
• Russian: про́тив (prótiv) — in a contrary direction to
• Sanskrit: अभि (abhí) — in a contrary direction to
• Scottish Gaelic: an aghaidh — in a contrary direction to
• Serbo-Croatian: против — in a contrary direction to
• Serbo-Croatian: protiv — in a contrary direction to
• Sicilian: contra — in a contrary direction to
• Slovak: proti — in a contrary direction to
• Slovene: proti — in a contrary direction to
• Spanish: contra — in a contrary direction to
• Swahili: dhidi ya — in a contrary direction to
• Swedish: mot — in a contrary direction to
• Tamil: எதிர்க்க (etirkka) — in a contrary direction to
• Turkish: karşı — in a contrary direction to
• Ukrainian: про́ти (próty) — in a contrary direction to
• Venetan: contra — in a contrary direction to
• Welsh: yn erbyn — in a contrary direction to
• Belarusian: аб (ab) — in physical contact with
• Catalan: contra — in physical contact with
• Czech: o — in physical contact with
• Dutch: tegen — in physical contact with
• Esperanto: kontraŭ — in physical contact with
• Finnish: vasten — in physical contact with
• French: contre — in physical contact with
• Galician: contra — in physical contact with
• Georgian: საწინააღმდეგოდ (sac̣inaaɣmdegod) — in physical contact with
• German: gegen — in physical contact with
• Greek: κοντά (kontá) — in physical contact with
• Ido: an — in physical contact with
• Italian: contro — in physical contact with
• Khmer: ប្រឆាំងនឹង (prɑchaŋ nɨŋ) — in physical contact with
• Korean: 기대어 (gidaeeo) — in physical contact with
• Malayalam: ചേർന്ന് (cēṟnnŭ) — in physical contact with
• Polish: o — in physical contact with
• Portuguese: contra — in physical contact with
• Russian: по (po) — in physical contact with
• Spanish: contra — in physical contact with
• Bulgarian: до (do) — close to
• Catalan: a tocar de — close to
• Danish: mod — close to
• Dutch: tegen (... aan) — close to
• Esperanto: ĉe — close to
• Esperanto: apud — close to
• Finnish: vasten — close to
• French: contre — close to
• Galician: contra — close to
• Georgian: საწინააღმდეგოდ (sac̣inaaɣmdegod) — close to
• Georgian: გვერდით (gverdit) — close to
• Greek: κοντά (kontá) — close to
• Ido: apud — close to
• Khmer: ប្រឆាំងនឹង (prɑchaŋ nɨŋ) — close to
• Korean: 근처에 (geuncheo'e) — close to
• Macedonian: до (do) — close to
• Portuguese: perto de — close to
• Russian: напро́тив (naprótiv) — close to
• Russian: ря́дом с (rjádom s) — close to
• Spanish: cerca de — close to
• Asturian: contra — in front of; before a background
• Breton: dirag — in front of; before a background
• Bulgarian: на фона на (na fona na) — in front of; before a background
• Catalan: davant — in front of; before a background
• Catalan: enfront de — in front of; before a background
• Czech: proti — in front of; before a background
• Dutch: tegen — in front of; before a background
• Dutch: voor — in front of; before a background
• Esperanto: antaŭ — in front of; before a background
• Finnish: edessä — in front of; before a background
• Finnish: vasten — in front of; before a background
• Georgian: საწინააღმდეგოდ (sac̣inaaɣmdegod) — in front of; before a background
• Georgian: წინ (c̣in) — in front of; before a background
• Greek: με (me) — in front of; before a background
• Khmer: នៅពីមុខ (nɨv pii muk) — in front of; before a background
• Portuguese: defronte — in front of; before a background
• Portuguese: diante de — in front of; before a background
• Russian: напро́тив (naprótiv) — in front of; before a background
• Russian: пе́ред (péred) — in front of; before a background
• Russian: на фо́не (na fóne) — in front of; before a background
• Scottish Gaelic: mu choinneimh — in front of; before a background
• Spanish: contra — in front of; before a background
• Spanish: frente — in front of; before a background
• Welsh: o flaen — in front of; before a background
• Yiddish: געגנט (gegnt) — in front of; before a background
• Bulgarian: срещу (sreštu) — in contrast or comparison with
• Catalan: comparat amb — in contrast or comparison with
• Esperanto: kontraste — in contrast or comparison with
• Esperanto: kompare — in contrast or comparison with
• Finnish: verrattuna — in contrast or comparison with
• Georgian: შედარებით (šedarebit) — in contrast or comparison with
• Greek: rest — in contrast or comparison with
• Italian: contro — in contrast or comparison with
• Khmer: នៅក្នុងការប្រៀបធៀប (nɨv knoŋ kaa priəp thiəp) — in contrast or comparison with
• Macedonian: наспроти (nasproti) — in contrast or comparison with
• Portuguese: em relação a — in contrast or comparison with
• Russian: по сравне́нию с (po sravnéniju s) — in contrast or comparison with
• Catalan: en contra — in competition with
• Catalan: enfront de — in competition with
• Czech: proti — in competition with
• Danish: mod — in competition with
• Danish: versus — in competition with
• Dutch: tegen — in competition with
• Esperanto: kontraŭ — in competition with
• Finnish: vastaan — in competition with
• French: contre — in competition with
• Georgian: წინააღმდეგ (c̣inaaɣmdeg) — in competition with
• German: gegen — in competition with
• German: mit — in competition with
• Greek: κατά (katá) — in competition with
• Ido: kontre — in competition with
• Irish: i gcoinne — in competition with
• Italian: contro — in competition with
• Khmer: ប្រឆាំងនឹង (prɑchaŋ nɨŋ) — in competition with
• Korean: -와 (-wa) — in competition with
• Korean: 맞서 (matseo) — in competition with
• Macedonian: против (protiv) — in competition with
• Polish: z — in competition with
• Polish: przeciwko — in competition with
• Portuguese: contra — in competition with
• Russian: про́тив (prótiv) — in competition with
• Scottish Gaelic: an aghaidh — in competition with
• Spanish: en contra — in competition with
• Vietnamese: với — in competition with
• Arabic: ضِدّ (ḍidd) — in opposition to
• Arabic: ضد (ḍedd) — in opposition to
• Armenian: դեմ (dem) — in opposition to
• Azerbaijani: qarşı — in opposition to
• Belarusian: су́праць (súpracʹ) — in opposition to
• Bengali: বিরুদ্ধে (biruddhe) — in opposition to
• Breton: ouz — in opposition to
• Bulgarian: про́тив (prótiv) — in opposition to
• Catalan: en contra — in opposition to
• Catalan: enfront de — in opposition to
• Chinese Mandarin: 反對 /反对 (fǎnduì) — in opposition to
• Ngazidja Comorian: pvo ... djuu — in opposition to
• Czech: proti — in opposition to
• Danish: mod — in opposition to
• Danish: imod — in opposition to
• Dutch: tegen — in opposition to
• Esperanto: kontraŭ — in opposition to
• Estonian: vastu — in opposition to
• Finnish: vasten — in opposition to
• French: contre — in opposition to
• West-Frisian: tsjin — in opposition to
• Georgian: წინააღმდეგი (c̣inaaɣmdegi) — in opposition to
• Georgian: წინააღმდეგ (c̣inaaɣmdeg) — in opposition to
• German: gegen — in opposition to
• German: wider — in opposition to
• Greek: κατά (katá) — in opposition to
• Ancient Greek: κατά (katá) — in opposition to
• Hebrew: נגד (neged) — in opposition to
• Ido: kontre — in opposition to
• Ingrian: vassen — in opposition to
• Ingrian: vassoin — in opposition to
• Irish: in aghaidh — in opposition to
• Irish: in éadan — in opposition to
• Irish: i gcoinne — in opposition to
• Italian: contro — in opposition to
• Japanese: ...に逆らって (...ni sakaratte) — in opposition to
• Japanese: ...に反して (...ni han shite) — in opposition to
• Japanese: ...に対して (...ni tai shite) — in opposition to
• Kazakh: қарсы (qarsy) — in opposition to
• Khmer: ប្រឆាំងនឹង (prɑchaŋ nɨŋ) — in opposition to
• Central Kurdish: دِژی (dijî) — in opposition to
• Central Kurdish: دژ بە (dij be) — in opposition to
• Northern Kurdish: li dijî — in opposition to
• Northern Kurdish: di ʻeleyhê ... da — in opposition to
• Kyrgyz: каршы (karşı) — in opposition to
• Latin: contrā — in opposition to
• Macedonian: против (protiv) — in opposition to
• Norwegian: mot — in opposition to
• Norwegian: imot — in opposition to
• Old Occitan: contra — in opposition to
• Old English: aġēn — in opposition to
• Pashto: پر ضد (për zid) — in opposition to
• Persian: علیه ('aleyh-e) — in opposition to
• Polish: przeciw — in opposition to
• Polish: przeciwko — in opposition to
• Portuguese: contra — in opposition to
• Romanian: contra — in opposition to
• Russian: про́тив (prótiv) — in opposition to
• Scottish Gaelic: an aghaidh — in opposition to
• Serbo-Croatian: против — in opposition to
• Serbo-Croatian: protiv — in opposition to
• Slovak: proti — in opposition to
• Slovene: proti — in opposition to
• Spanish: en contra de — in opposition to
• Spanish: enfrente de — in opposition to
• Spanish: en pugna de — in opposition to
• Spanish: al opósito de — in opposition to
• Spanish: contra — in opposition to
• Spanish: en contrario de — in opposition to
• Swahili: juu ya — in opposition to
• Swahili: dhidi ya — in opposition to
• Swedish: mot — in opposition to
• Swedish: emot — in opposition to
• Tagalog: kontra — in opposition to
• Tashelhit: afna — in opposition to
• Turkish: karşı — in opposition to
• Turkmen: garşy — in opposition to
• Ukrainian: про́ти (próty) — in opposition to
• Uzbek: qarshi — in opposition to
• Vietnamese: chống lại — in opposition to
• Belarusian: наўзаме́н — in exchange for
• Belarusian: на (na) — in exchange for
• Bulgarian: за (za) — in exchange for
• Catalan: en comptes de — in exchange for
• Danish: mod — in exchange for
• Dutch: tegen — in exchange for
• Dutch: voor — in exchange for
• Esperanto: kontraŭ — in exchange for
• Finnish: vastaan — in exchange for
• Georgian: სანაცვლოდ (sanacvlod) — in exchange for
• Georgian: საპირისპიროდ (saṗirisṗirod) — in exchange for
• Italian: in cambio di — in exchange for
• Khmer: សម្រាប់ (sɑmrap) — in exchange for
• Macedonian: за (za) — in exchange for
• Portuguese: por — in exchange for
• Romanian: contra — in exchange for
• Russian: взаме́н — in exchange for
• Russian: на (na) — in exchange for
• Russian: в обме́н — in exchange for
• Ukrainian: в обмі́н — in exchange for
• Ukrainian: на (na) — in exchange for
• Bulgarian: срещу (sreštu) — as counterbalance to
• Catalan: en comptes de — as counterbalance to
• Danish: i stedet — as counterbalance to
• Danish: i stedet for — as counterbalance to
• Esperanto: anstataŭ — as counterbalance to
• Finnish: vastaan — as counterbalance to
• Khmer: ដែលយកមកថ្លឹងឲ្យស្មើគ្នានឹង (dael yɔɔk mɔɔk tləŋ aoy smaǝ knie nɨŋ) — as counterbalance to
• Catalan: sobre — as a charge to
• Finnish: vastaan — as a charge to
• Khmer: ទៅ (tɨv) — as a charge to
• Portuguese: sobre — as a charge to
• Spanish: a — as a charge to
• Spanish: sobre — as a charge to
• Belarusian: ад (ad) — as protection from
• Belarusian: су́праць (súpracʹ) — as protection from
• Bulgarian: против (protiv) — as protection from
• Catalan: davant — as protection from
• Catalan: enfront de — as protection from
• Czech: proti — as protection from
• Danish: mod — as protection from
• Dutch: tegen — as protection from
• Finnish: vastaan — as protection from
• Finnish: vasten — as protection from
• French: face à — as protection from
• Georgian: საწინააღმდეგოდ (sac̣inaaɣmdegod) — as protection from
• Ido: kontre — as protection from
• Khmer: ដែលជាការការពារពី (dael cie kaa kaapie pii) — as protection from
• Macedonian: против (protiv) — as protection from
• Portuguese: contra — as protection from
• Russian: от (ot) — as protection from
• Russian: про́тив (prótiv) — as protection from
• Scottish Gaelic: an aghaidh — as protection from
• Spanish: contra — as protection from
• Swedish: mot — as protection from
• Tagalog: kontra — as protection from
• Ukrainian: від (vid) — as protection from
• Ukrainian: про́ти (próty) — as protection from
• Catalan: per a — in anticipation of, in preparation for
• Catalan: enfront de — in anticipation of, in preparation for
• Finnish: varten — in anticipation of, in preparation for
• French: pour — in anticipation of, in preparation for