Standard Lemma guide

stratagem

noun · 7 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • US: /ˈstɹæt.ə.d͡ʒəm/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: S T R AE1 T AH0 JH AH0 M Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

A tactic or artifice designed to gain the upper hand, especially one involving underhanded dealings or deception.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • Near-synonyms: ploy, ruse

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: ploy, ruse

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

Specifically, such a tactic or artifice in military operation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

Military deception or artifice.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

Cunning and artifice in general.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

A violent deed.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, obsolete, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

a maneuver in a game or conversation

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: ploy, gambit

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: maneuver, manoeuvre, tactical maneuver, tactical manoeuvre

7

noun

Meaning 7

an elaborate or deceitful scheme contrived to deceive or evade

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • his testimony was just a contrivance to throw us off the track

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: contrivance, dodge

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: scheme, strategy

Narrower terms: plant, pump-and-dump scheme, wangle, wangling

History

Etymology

From Middle English stratageme, from Old French stratageme, from Latin strategema, from Ancient Greek στρατήγημα (stratḗgēma, “the act of a general, a piece of generalship”), from στρατηγέω (stratēgéō, “to be a general, command an army”), from στρατηγός (stratēgós, “a general, the leader or commander of an army”). See strategy.

Across languages

Translations

60 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Bulgarian: хитрина (hitrina) — tactic
  • Bulgarian: уловка (ulovka) — tactic
  • Catalan: estratagema — tactic
  • Chinese Cantonese: 伎倆 /伎俩 (gei6 loeng5) — tactic
  • Chinese Cantonese: 計謀 /计谋 (gai3 mau4) — tactic
  • Chinese Cantonese: 策略 (caak3 loek6) — tactic
  • Chinese Cantonese: 花招 (faa1 ziu1) — tactic
  • Chinese Cantonese: 戰略 /战略 (zin3 loek6) — tactic
  • Chinese Mandarin: 伎倆 /伎俩 (jìliǎng) — tactic
  • Danish: krigslist — tactic
  • Danish: taktik — tactic
  • Dutch: krijgslist — tactic
  • Estonian: sõjakavalus — tactic
  • Estonian: kavalus — tactic
  • Finnish: petos — tactic
  • Finnish: juoni — tactic
  • Finnish: salajuoni — tactic
  • French: stratagème — tactic
  • German: Kriegslist — tactic
  • German: Strategem — tactic
  • German: Stratagem — tactic
  • Greek: στρατήγημα (stratígima) — tactic
  • Ancient Greek: στρατήγημα (stratḗgēma) — tactic
  • Hungarian: hadicsel — tactic
  • Indonesian: muslihat — tactic
  • Indonesian: siasat — tactic
  • Irish: beart — tactic
  • Italian: stratagemma — tactic
  • Italian: tattica — tactic
  • Italian: schema — tactic
  • Japanese: 計略 (keiryaku) — tactic
  • Japanese: 謀略 (bōryaku) — tactic
  • Japanese: 策略 (sakuryaku) — tactic
  • Korean: 계략 (gyeryak) — tactic
  • Korean: 계책 (gyechaek) — tactic
  • Latin: sūtēla — tactic
  • Latin: stratēgēma — tactic
  • Māori: nuka — tactic
  • Māori: rauhanga — tactic
  • Norwegian: list — tactic
  • Norwegian: krigslist — tactic
  • Polish: fortel — tactic
  • Polish: chwyt — tactic
  • Polish: zagrywka — tactic
  • Portuguese: estratagema — tactic
  • Portuguese: maquinação — tactic
  • Russian: уло́вка (ulóvka) — tactic
  • Russian: хи́трость (xítrostʹ) — tactic
  • Russian: ухищре́ние (uxiščrénije) — tactic
  • Russian: стратаге́ма (stratagéma) — tactic
  • Spanish: estratagema — tactic
  • Spanish: trafique — tactic
  • Swedish: krigslist — tactic
  • Thai: ชั้นเชิง (chán-chəəng) — tactic
  • Turkish: harp hilesi — tactic
  • Turkish: savaş hilesi — tactic
  • Ottoman Turkish: حیله (hile) — tactic
  • Ottoman Turkish: اورند (evrend) — tactic
  • Ukrainian: хитрість (xytristʹ) — tactic
  • Ukrainian: трюк (trjuk) — tactic
Real reading context

stratagem in complete knowledge articles