Overview
Shiremark Mill, also known as Kingsfold Mill or Capel Mill was a listed Smock mill at Capel, Surrey, England, which was burnt down in 1972.
History
Shiremark Mill was built in 1774, incorporating some material from a demolished open trestle post mill which had stood at Clark's Green (TQ 176 398, ). It was so named because it stood close to the border with Sussex, and although often thought of as a Sussex mill, actually stood just within Surrey by some . the sails fell off one by one, with the last falling in 1956.
Description
Shiremark Mill was a three-storey smock mill on a single-storey base. There was no stage, earth having been thrown up against the base to form a mill mound. It last worked with four double Patent sails carried on a cast-iron windshaft. The cap was winded by a hand wheel.
Base
The single storey octagonal brick base was from floor level to the top of the brickwork internally. Externally it was from ground level to the top of the brickwork, earth having been embanked against the base to allow the sails to be reached for reefing, the mill having originally been built with Common sails. The brickwork tapered in thickness, being thick at the top. It was across the flats. By 2006 the base was the only remaining part of the mill, although largely hidden by dense undergrowth.
Smock
The three-storey smock tower rested on oak sills of by in section. The eight oak cant posts were were square and long, and carried a circular oak curb of diameter at the top. There were two sets of square oak transoms at appropriate heights which carried the joists for the internal floors. Each of the twenty-four frames was infilled with a vertical oak post square and two diagonal struts in section. On the bottom floor of the smock there were two doors on opposite sides to enable access whatever direction the sails were facing. Internally, the bottom floor of the smock was at two levels, with a height difference. The main beams were long and square on centres. These formed the base of the Hurst Frame, a feature more commonly found in watermills than windmills. Shiremark mill is the only recorded windmill with a hurst frame south of the River Thames.
A surviving windmill with a hurst frame is Chesterton Mill, Warwickshire.
Cap
The cap was by in plan, and in height above the curb. The mill was high from the ground floor to the cap ridge, thus from ground level to roof externally. The main cap frame consisted of two sheers, each square in section and , set apart. The main cross members were the breast beam, the sprattle beam and the tail beam, in order from head to tail. The cross members extended each side of the sheers to form a base for the nine pairs of roof rafters. There was no ridge board to the roof. The cap was winded by a hand wheel of diameter housed just inside the rear of the cap. The worm wheel that engaged with the cogs set into the top of the tower was latterly a cast-iron one, replacing an earlier wooden one. It was necessary to pull about a of chain to turn the mill through 180 degrees.
Sails and windshaft
The mill was built with four Common sails. After it was tailwinded in 1886, a new cap, windshaft and four double Patent sails were fitted. The sails were wide and spanned . Each pair of sails was carried on a stock long and of by section at the canister, tapering to square at the tips. Each stock was strengthened by a pair of clamps, long and by in section.
Machinery
The elm Upright Shaft was long It carried a cast-iron Wallower diameter Wallower, cast in halves and having 26 teeth. It replaced an earlier wooden wheel. The underside of the wallower had a friction ring which drove the sack hoist. At the foot of the Upright Shaft, a wooden clasp arm Great Spur Wheel of diameter with 70 cogs was carried. This drove the two pairs of millstones underdrift. The French Burr stones were driven by a stone nut with 20 cogs, and the Peak stones were driven by a stone nut with 18 cogs. Each pair of millstones was controlled by its own governor, missing at the time of the survey in 1952.
Millers
*David Southow, 1774–1777 *John Stone, 1802– *Thomas Stone *G. Stone *Eliza Stone *John Chantler, 1875 *William Rapley, 1886 *George Stone, 1919 Reference:
Culture and literature
Hilaire Belloc mentions Shiremark Mill in the preface to The Four Men.
External links
*Windmill World webpage on Shiremark mill.