Overview
Fort Lyttleton (also spelled Lyttelton and Littleton ) was a militia stockade located in the colonial Province of Pennsylvania. Its site was about a mile from Fort Littleton, Pennsylvania, near Dublin Township, in what is now Fulton County, Pennsylvania. Active from 1755 until 1763, the stockade was initially garrisoned by 75 Pennsylvania troops but at times had as many as 225. It was in use until 1759, then abandoned and reoccupied briefly in 1763 during Pontiac's War.
Construction
. 250px Fort Lyttleton was one of four forts constructed following General Edward Braddock's defeat on July 9, 1755, at the Battle of the Monongahela. At the beginning of the French and Indian War, Braddock's defeat left Pennsylvania without a professional military force. Lenape chiefs Shingas and Captain Jacobs launched dozens of Shawnee and Delaware raids against British colonial settlements, killing and capturing hundreds of colonists and destroying settlements across western and central Pennsylvania.
In late 1755, Colonel John Armstrong wrote to Governor Robert Hunter Morris: "I am of the opinion that no other means of defense than a chain of blockhouses along or near the south side of the Kittatinny Mountains from the Susquehanna to the temporary line, can secure the lives and property of the inhabitants of this country, the new settlements being all fled except Shearman's Valley." Construction was begun in December 1755. and stockade similar in appearance to Fort Lyttleton 220px On February 9, 1756, Governor Morris wrote to General William Shirley: Governor Morris ordered George Croghan to construct these forts under the direction of Colonel Armstrong. Aside from Fort Lyttleton, construction began on Fort Morris in Shippensburg, Fort Loudoun, and Carlisle Fort.
At the time, Croghan lived on upper Aughwick Creek and was also able to supervise the construction of Fort Granville and Fort Shirley. Governor Morris named Fort Lyttleton after Sir George Lyttleton, British Chancellor of the Exchequer (1709–1773). at the eastern end of the Forbes Road and close to a well-traveled Native American trail leading from central Pennsylvania to the Ohio Country, with the intent that the fort would serve to monitor the passing of Indians engaged in trading as well as any war parties. The Reverend Thomas Barton, an army chaplain who was stationed at Fort Loudoun, described Fort Lyttleton in a letter on July 21, 1758: "This Fort is a regular & well-plan'd Square Stockade of 126 Feet."
Military history
showing Fort Littleton in the map's left lower quadrant The fort's first commander was Captain Hance Hamilton (1721–1772), who arrived soon after the capture and destruction of Fort McCord on April 1, 1756. Soon after this, Elisha Salter, Commissary General, visited Carlisle and found the civilian populace abandoning their settlements in terror, after a series of brutal raids by Lenape and Shawnee warriors. He wrote to Governor Morris: "Upon my arrival here, I found the people in the greatest confusion, the troops abandoning the forts and the country people gathering in the greatest consternation...I have prevailed on the people...to escort me to Fort Littleton." By 1757, Fort Lyttleton began to attract Cherokee Indians seeking to support British troops as auxiliaries and also spies.
In June 1757, Armstrong received reports that "a large Reinforcement of French and Indians from Canada & Mississippi" at Fort Duquesne "wou'd...endeavor to cutt off the back Inhabitants." Cherokees then informed Armstrong that they had seen "a large Body of French and Indians, and a great Number of Carriages & Horses" at Fort Duquesne; and that on June 10 an enemy force was following Braddock's road toward Fort Cumberland. Colonel John Stanwix, evidently concerned that Fort Loudoun would not withstand an assault, "dispatched off 2 Companies of Col.
Armstrong's Battalion to Fort Littleton with orders to destroy it & bring away all the Provisions & Stores to Fort Loudoun." This order was evidently not obeyed, and on June 28, Stanwix wrote to Armstrong that he had "augmented the Garrison at Fort Lyttleton, 150 Men." The fort was later used as one of the supply forts along the Forbes Road in the successful 1758 Forbes Expedition to capture Fort Duquesne. The fort was abandoned in July 1759, during the construction of Fort Pitt.
Archaeology
In August 2013, forty shovel test pits, each 50 centimeters square, were dug in the area behind the 1924 historical marker, where local residents have found part of a 4.5 centimeter swivel gun believed to have been used at Fort Lyttleton. Test pits were also dug on an adjacent property where a tavern, a blacksmith shop and a wheelwright's shop are thought to have stood. Future digs will focus on the 4.9-acre plot owned by the Archaeological Conservancy where the fort was located.
Legacy
In 1767, the town of Fort Lyttleton (later renamed Fort Littleton) was established near the fort's former location. In 1924, a historical marker was erected on the site of the fort by the Pennsylvania Historical Commission and the Fulton County Historical Society. In 1967, a second marker was erected in Dublin Township by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, but in 2023 it was reported missing.
See also
* Fort Augusta * Fort Halifax * Fort Granville * Fort McCord * Pennsylvania forts in the French and Indian War
External links
* Map of Fortifications on the Pennsylvania Frontier in 1756 * "A Pleasant Surprise ~ Fort Lyttleton & Fort Shirley," video by The Wandering Woodsman